Matter: Properties and Changes

MATTERProperties & Its Changes Lesson 1: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify the states of matter

Compare the physical and chemical properties of matter

Describe how matter is measured to calculate mass, volume and densityStates of MatterMatter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

The 4 states of matter are:SolidLiquid GasPlasma

What do the particles (atoms) look like in each state of matter?

Shape & Volume of MatterType of MatterShape & volumeHow are Atoms moving?Attractive force between atomsSolidDefinite shape and volumevibratingStrong holding them togetherLiquidDefinite volume but no definite shape

Sliding past each otherWeaker force than solidsGasNo definite shape and volume

Atoms moving fast and free Very weak attractive forcePlasma(Not in book)No definite shape or volume

Atoms moving fast and free with an electrical chargeVery weak attractive force

Writing ResponseWhat are some examples of each of the states of matter?

What do you do to change a solid to a liquid?

What do you do to change a gas to a solid?

In which states of matter can particles move from place to place?

Physical Properties of Matter1. Mass and Weight: Mass- amount of matter in an objectWeight -the gravitational pull on an object

2. Volume: the amount of space an object takes up

L x w x h = cm3

ORDisplacement- Used to measure the volume of irregular shaped objectsa.40 cm3c.6 cm3b.80. cm3d.8 g3What is the volume of an object with a height of 2cm, a width of 2cm, a mass of 10g, and a length of 20cm?

A mineral is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 8.0 ml of water. The water level rises to 16.0 ml. What is the volume of the mineral?

3. Density: the amount of matter in an object divided by the volume. D = m/v Density of water = 1g/cm3If density of a substance is less than 1, it will floatIf density of a substance is greater than 1, it will sink

Temperature affects density:Temp. increases; density decreaseTemp. decreases; density increases

Salinity affects density:Salinity increases; density increasesSalinity decreases; density decreases

Calculate the density of each object Object 1: Mass= 6.50 gVolume= 1.25 mlDensity=?Will the object float? Justify your answer

Object 2: Mass= 8.65 gVolume= 9.50 mlDensity=?Will the object float? Justify your answer

Object 1: Mass= 6.50 gVolume= 1.25 mlDensity= D=m/v D= 6.5 g/1.25 ml = 5.2 g/mlThe object will not float because its density is more than 1

Object 2: Mass= 8.65 gVolume= 9.50 mlDensity= D=m/v D= 8.65 g/9.5 ml = .91 g/mlThe object will float because its density is less than 1

4. Conductivity: the ability of an object or substance to conduct electricity.

5. Boiling Point: the temperature at which the liquid changes to gas (Water = 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit)

6. Melting Point: the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid (Water = 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit)

7. Solubility: the ability of an object to dissolve in anotherSolute- the substance being dissolvedSolvent- the substance in which the solute is being dissolved in.Water is considered a universal solvent.

8. Magnetism: the ability of an object to attract a magnetic force

PracticeIn the ocean, water is the _____________ and salt(Sodium;Na) is the _____________.

The physical property of matter which is the ability of an object to dissolve in another substance is _____________________.

The physical property of matter that is when a liquid changes to a gas is ________________. Practice answersIn the ocean water is the _solvent_ and salt (Sodium Na) is the _solute____.

The physical property of matter that ability of an object to dissolve in another substance is _solubility____.

The physical property of matter that is when a liquid changes to a gas is __boiling point____.

Identifying Matter Using Physical Properties.Density and Melting Point are good properties for identifying unknown substances because they do not depend on the size of the sample( the amount of the material).

Chemical Properties of MatterChemical property: the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances

Examples:Flammability: the ability of a type of substance to burn easily. Most flammable = Hydrogen (H) gas

Ability to Rust(oxidize): the ability of a type of substance to form rust when it reacts to exposure of oxygen and water.Most likely to Rust = Metals with Iron (Fe)

Written ResponseWhat happens to the density of an object when you cut it in half?

Give a situation where you would need to know whether a substance or object is reactive or flammable.Lesson 2: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify the types of changes of matter physical and chemical

Compare the signs of physical and chemical changes of matter

Describe how mass is conserved when a chemical reaction occurs (Law of Conservation of Mass)Physical Changes of MatterA change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does NOT change the matters identity is called a physical change.

Examples:melting iceripping papercutting wooderosion of a boulder

Dissolving and Changing States

Because the chemical properties of the substances in dissolving and changing of state stays the same, they are considered to be physical changes.

Writing ResponseList 3 physical changes for a piece of wood

Explain why dissolving is classified as a physical change.Writing ResponseList 3 physical changes for a piece of woodPaintingCutting itSanding it

Explain why dissolving is classified as a physical change.Dissolving is classified as a physical change because when substances dissolve, it mixes evenly into another substance, but the types and properties of the substance do not change.Chemical ChangesA chemical change is a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into another substance with different chemical properties

Signs of a Chemical ChangeFormation of Gas Explosion(cumbustion)

Formation of precipitate Odor change

Color change

Energy and Chemical ChangeThe Law of Conservation of Energy : energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed

Some chemical changes release thermal, light, and sound energy.(Exothermic Reactions)ex: Burning

Some chemical changes need thermal energy for them to occur. (Endothermic Reactions)ex: photosynthesis

Writing ResponseHow are chemical changes different from physical changes?

What causes a car to rust? Why is rust a chemical change?Writing ResponseHow are chemical changes different from physical changes?Chemical changes differ from physical changes in that a different substance is produced during a chemical change but not in a chemical change.

What causes a car to rust? Why is rust a chemical change?Iron in the metal of the car reacts with particles of water and oxygen resulting in rust. This is a chemical change because rust is a new substance that is neither iron nor oxygen.Law of Conservation of MassLaw states that the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the chemical reaction.