propagation by separation and division

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PLANT PROPAGATION

BY SEPARATION ANDDIVISION

Dr. S.ESWARA

REDDY


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PLANT PROPAGATION BY SEPARATION AND DIVISION

Many herbaceous species that die back at the end of thegrowing season have under ground food storage organsthat survive the dormant winter period.

These organs are also vegetative propagation structuresthat produce new shoots in the growing season.The variety of under ground storage organs may begrouped into two classes based on how they are

propagated; plants propagated by separation and plantspropagated by division.


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Plants propagated byseparationSeparation is a method ofpropagation in which undergroundstructures of plants are divided notby cutting but by breaking alongnatural lines between segments.Separation is breaking away ofdaughter structures from the parentstructure to be used to establishnew plants.Two s ecialized under round


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BULBA bulb is a specialized underground organthat consists predominantly of fleshy leafscales growing on a stem tissue (basal plate).The scales wrap around a growing point or

primordium to form a tight ball.Lateral bulblets, or miniature bulbs, originatein the axils of some of these scales and whendeveloped (offsets) may be separated from

the mother bulb to be planted independentlyas new plants.

There are two types of bulbs-Tunicate and

non-tunicate bulbs.


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Tunicate-These bulbs have outer bulb scales that are dry and membranous.This covering called tunic, provide protection from drying andmechanical injury to the bulb.The fleshy scales are in continuous, concentric layers, called lamina,so that the structure is more or less solid. E.g. Onion, daffodil, tulipetc.

Non-tunicate (scaly) bulbs:These bulbs dont possess the enveloping dry covering.The scales are separate and attached to the basal plate.The scales are not tight but loose and can be removed individuallyfrom the bulb.In general, the non-tunicate bulbs are easily damaged and must behandled more carefully than tunicate bulbs.The daughter bulbs or bulb lets develop at the base of the of thescales of the mother bulb. Eg. Lily.


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Non-tunicateBulb


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Corm

The bulb consists predominantly of modified leaves; the corm is amodified stem. Food is stored in this compact stem, which has nodesand very short internodes and is wrapped up in dry, scaly leaves.

When a corm sprouts into a new shoot, the old corm becomesexhausted of its stored food and is destroyed as a new corm formsabove it.Several small corms, or corms, arise at the base of the new corm.The corms may be separated from the mother corm at maturity (die

back) and used to propagate new plants.

Eg. Amorphophallus, Colocasia, Gladiolus etc.


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Corm


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Corm Separation


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PLANT PROPAGATION BY DIVISION:

It is a method of propagation of plants using cut section of a particular part likerhizome, tuber and tuberous root etc.

Rhizome:A rhizome is a specialized stem structure in which the main axis of the plant growshorizontally just below or on the surface of the ground.The stem appears segmented because it composed of nodes and internodes.The rhizome appears as a many branched clump made up of short individualsections.The rhizome tends to be oriented horizontally with roots arising from the lower side.In propagating plants by rhizome by cutting the rhizome into different sections being

sure that each section has at least one lateral bud or eye.It is essentially a stem cutting.Eg. Bamboo, Banana, Iris etc.


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Stolon

It is a term used to describe various types ofhorizontally growing stems that produce adventitiousroots when come in contact with the soil.These may be prostate or sprawling stems growing

above ground.In propagating plants by stolon, the stolon can betreated as a naturally occurring rooted layer and can

be cut from the parent plant and planted separately.Eg. Mint,Bermuda grass etc.


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RUNNER

A runner is a specialized stem thatdevelops from the axil of a leaf at thecrown of a plant, grows horizontally alongthe ground and forms a new plant at one

of the nodes.In propagating plants by runners, therooted daughter plants are dug when

they have become well rooted andtransplanted to the desired locations.

Eg. Straw berry, oxalis,blue berry etc.


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RUNNER ofStraw berry


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STEM TUBERA tuber is specialized swollen undergroundstem which possesses eyes in regular orderover the surface.The eyes represent the nodes of the tuber.The arrangement of the nodes is spiral,beginning with the terminal bud on the stolonto produce a new plant, the tuber is dividedinto sections so that each section has a good

amount of stored food and a bud or eye.Propagation by tubers can be done either byplanting the tubers whole or by cutting theminto section, each containing a bud or eye.

Eg.Potato.


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STEM

TUBER


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TUBEROUS ROOTSThese are thickened tuberous growth that functionsas storage organs.These differ from the true stem tuber, in that theylack nodes and internodes.

Buds are present only at the crown or stem end.Fibrous roots are commonly produced towards theopposite end.Most plants with fleshy roots must be propagated by

dividing the crown so that each section bears a shootbud.eg. Dahlia, Begonia, Sweet potato.


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OFFSETIt is a short thickened horizontal branch

growing out of the crown ending at theapex with a tuft of leaves and a cluster ofleaves below.These are special type of branches orlateral shoots which are produced fromthe base of main stem of parent plant.The offset often breaks away from the

mother plant and the daughter starts anew independent life.

Eg. Pistia, Agave, Water hyacinth, Cycas,Dracaena etc.


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SuckersIt is a lateral branch developing from theunderground parts of the stem or roots.

The suckers arise from below the surface of the soil.There are two types of suckers.

a) Shoot suckers: These will arise from the baseof the stem.The suckers may grow obliquelyupwards and directly give raise a leaf shoot. Oftenit grows horizontally outwards only to certainextent but soon turn up. It strikes roots when it isstill attached to the parent plant or whenseparated and planted. Propagation by shoot

suckers can be done by separating the suckers andplanting.Eg.Chrysanthemum, Banana, Pineapple,

Yucca.b) Root suckers: The root suckers will arise

from the adventitious buds on the Roots.Propagation by shoot suckers can be done by


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Shoot

Suckers


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propagation by separation and division

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