propaganda slides
TRANSCRIPT
Date
Definition
✤ “ Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist “
Why we study Propaganda?
✤ Although much fewer large propaganda campaigns nowadays
✤ Growth of communication tools -> Accelerated flow of message
✤ Information overload
✤ We process information quickly and carelessly
Why study Propaganda??
✤ This makes us easier to exploit
✤ e.g. By agitating emotions, playing on insecurities. etc.
✤ Thus, important to recognise propaganda techniques
History of Propaganda
✤ Propaganda has existed since Ancient Times
✤ e.g. Was a subject of study at University in Mauryan Empire (321 - 185BC), India
✤ Has been in existence ever since
✤ Aided by the constant improvement of technology
Classification of Propaganda
Classification of Propaganda
White Black Grey
Real source openly identified
Identified as being from a source, but
actually from opposing source
No identifiable source,
real source omitted
Classification of Propaganda
✤ White Propaganda
✤ Real source openly identified
✤ But information often still distorted and slanted
Classification of Propaganda
✤ Black Propaganda
✤ Identified as being from a source
✤ Actually from opposing source
✤ Objective: To slander and misrepresent enermy
✤ E.g. Black Panther Coloring Book Incident (1968)
Black Panther Coloring Book!
✤ Black Panther Party
✤ Political group fighting for black rights
✤ Against racism, police brutality
Black Panther Coloring Book!
✤ This colouring book was mass mailed across America
Black Panther Coloring Book!
Black Panther Coloring Book!
Black Panther Coloring Book!
Black Panther Coloring Book!
✤ Actually it’s FBI attempt to discredit Black Panther Party
✤ By exaggerating their militant, aggressive stance
✤ Caused people to stop listening to their legitimate grievances
Classification of Propaganda
✤ Grey Propaganda
✤ No identifiable source. Real source omitted
✤ E.g. Radio Liberty / Free Europe
Radio Liberty / Free Europe
✤ Broadcast during Cold War
✤ In Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
✤ A private international, democratic communication platform
✤ Providing objective accounts of events
✤ Actually CIA funded Anti Communitist Tool
Propaganda Techniques
Propaganda Techniques
✤ False Connections
✤ Transfer
✤ Testimonial
✤ Word Games
✤ Name calling
✤ Glittering Generalities
✤ Euphemisms
✤ Special Appeals
✤ Plain Folks
✤ Bandwagon
✤ Fear
Transfer
✤ Transferring the authority of something respected to the thing being avocated
✤ Science, Religion ---> Politics, Products
✤ Is the link relevant?
✤ Is the information trustworthy
Testimonial
✤ Citing a person / source
✤ But is this person or source qualified??
Word Games: Name Calling
✤ To create fear and arouse prejudice by using negative words
✤ To create an unfavourable opinion against a certain target
✤ Obvious
✤ Subtle Way
Word Games:Glittering Generalities
✤ Employ vague sweeping statements
✤ Using Language associated with values and beliefs ( While lacking supporting information or reason )
Special Appeals : Plain Folks
✤ To convince the audiece that the spokesperson is from humble origins
✤ Garner audience’s trust
✤ Have audience’s interest at heart
✤ Ideas are of the people
Special Appeals:Bandwangons
✤ To persuade the audience to follow the crowd
✤ Creates the impression of widespread support
✤ Convince the target audience that if they don’t join in they will be left out
Special Appeals:Fear
✤ To redirect attension away from the merits of a particular proposal and towards steps that can be taken to reduce fear
✤ Seeks to change behavior of audience
✤ 4 elements to successful fear appeal
✤ A threat
✤ A specific recommendation on how th audience should behave
✤ Audience perception that the recommendation will be effective in addressing threat
✤ Audience perception that they are capable of performing the recommend behavior
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
✤ Nazi Propaganda : How did it start?
✤ Hitler’s obsessions of creating a perfect race
✤ Propaganda combined with his charismatic speeches propelled him to political stardom
✤ Propaganda focus on eliminating the undesirables and indoctrinate the society to glorify his regime
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
✤ Joseph Goebbel (Propaganda Minister)
✤ “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it.
✤ Setup Reich Chamber of Commerce
✤ Provided radios to households but only channels speeches by Hitler
✤ Uses Generalities
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
✤ Initially, Hitler tried to court Britain into an alliance
✤ His propaganda praised the British as proficient Aryan Imperialist
✤ Later when at war with the British, they vilified them as oppressive, German hating plutocrats
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
Case Studies : Germany 1930s - 1940s
Case Studies : United States WWII
Case Studies : United States WWII
✤ United States originially had no interest in joining the world war until the attack on Pearl Harbour
✤ There was a need to convince population the war was close at hand
✤ Therefore the rise or Propaganda in the United States
✤ Targeted at enlisting, military bonds and increase productivity
Case Studies : United States WWII
✤ Uncle Sam
✤ The use of Uncle Sam became a propaganda symbol of the American Citizens
✤ A form of Transfer Propaganda
✤ Became an icon that urges the general male public to enlist and fight for America’s Freedom
Case Studies : United States WWII
Case Studies : United States WWII
✤ Lady Liberty
✤ Another use of Transfer Propaganda
✤ Poster refers themselves as Civilisation
✤ Using Short and Direct Messages to communicate the ideas to the public
✤ Heavy use of Tansfer Propaganda to dictate meaning
Case Studies : United States WWII
✤ Name Calling
✤ Using terms such as Mad Brute or Commi
✤ Using popular iconography to depict the enemy
✤ Showing them as monsters and evil creatures
Case Studies : United States WWII
Case Studies : United States WWII
✤ Using Film to as a media of propaganda
✤ Use the enemy's own films to expose their enslaving ends
✤ Without using evidence to substantiate the footage use
Case Studies : United States WWII
✤ Success of Propaganda
✤ largely due to wide array of media used to spread the same message
✤ Use transfer to carry the symbolic meaning of the symbols to evoke emotions
✤ Portray the “Evil Axis” as pure evil using name calling
Case Studies : United States IRAQ
✤ United States need support from people and other nations to wage war in Iraq
✤ Doing so using a number of reasons
✤ Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction
✤ Saddam’s regime as a treat to the USA and world peace
✤ Saddam’s regime had links with international terror groups
✤ The war was part of a war on international terrorism
✤ Spreading Democracy in the Middle East
✤ Helping the Iraqi people get rid of an oppressive regime
Case Studies : United States IRAQ
✤ Target Audience:
✤ The Allies: Britian, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Russia and Turkey
✤ Americans
Case Studies : United States IRAQ
✤ Name Calling
Case Studies : United States IRAQ
Case Studies : United States IRAQ
Case Studies : United States IRAQ
✤ Political Censorship
Case Studies : United States IRAQ
✤ Outcome : Unsuccessful
✤ Negative views shown from statistics by polls in other countries as well as the United States
✤ Claims were not back with evidence
Conclusion