propaganda notes types & examples. #1: name calling an argument made without closely examining...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Propaganda NotesTypes & Examples
![Page 2: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
#1: name calling
An argument made without closely examining the evidence
Giving “bad names” to an opponent
![Page 3: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Example: name calling
Politicians slashing other politicians Coke vs. Pepsi
![Page 4: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
#2: glittering generalities
Using only pleasant words to describe the product or program and not looking at both sides
Saying only “good things” about the product
![Page 5: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Example: glittering generalities
“tough on stains” “brand new”
“powerful ingredient”
![Page 6: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
#3:transfer
Using symbols or images to create a connection between the product and what the propagandist wants viewers to associate with the product
Subliminal messages
![Page 7: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Example: transfer
*having an attractive female= only attractive people use product
*American flag=buying product makes you more American
![Page 8: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
#4: testimonial
Having a person testify that a product really works (giving his or her word)
May sometimes use celebrities to promote an upscale product
![Page 9: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example: testimonial
Reasoning:“If a celebrity uses it, it must
really work”
![Page 10: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
#5: plain folks
Promotes products for the everyday people
Tries to convey the idea that the people using the product are “just like us” (housewife, parent, etc.)
![Page 11: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example: plain folks
Reasoning: “Use a normal person to make the product seem useable”
![Page 12: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
#6: card stacking
Gives only the partial truth (puts on a poker face)
Over-emphasizes or under-emphasizes certain qualities of the product
![Page 13: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example: card stacking
Some ads avoid:-Listing side
effects-Listing other
methods used to get the result
-Listing unexpected payments
![Page 14: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
#7: band wagon
Used to make people feel like part of the crowd
To accept product because everyone else is doing it
![Page 15: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Example: bandwagon
Common phrases: “Don’t be left out” “Haven’t you heard..” “The sensation that’s
sweeping the nation” “Everyone’s talking
about…”
![Page 16: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Logical Fallacies
An argument that sounds logical, but, in reality, the premises given for the conclusion do not provide proper support for the argument.
An example: birds fly in the sky; airplanes fly in the sky; therefore, airplanes are birds.
Often used by those who seek to convince or misinform – including hate-mongers.
![Page 17: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Example: Logical Fallacies
Studies have conclusively proven that 83 percent of people who have died in automobile accidents last year ate ice cream within a month of their accidents. (This figure strongly suggests that eating ice cream causes automobile accidents.)
![Page 18: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Appeal to Fear Scare Tactics
Fear can lead people to do things they would never otherwise consider.
Few people believe that war is a good thing, for example, but most people can be convinced to support a specific war if they believe that they are fighting an enemy who is cruel, inhuman, and bent on destroying all that they hold dear.
![Page 19: Propaganda Notes Types & Examples. #1: name calling An argument made without closely examining the evidence An argument made without closely examining](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b72906/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Example: Fear
Politicians use it when they talk about crime and claim to be advocates for law and order. Environmentalists use it when they talk about pollution-related cancer, and their opponents use fear when they claim that effective environmental regulations will destroy the economy and eliminate jobs.