PRONOUNS

PRONOUNS SPI 0701.1.1 Identify the correct use of

nouns and pronouns within context

TLW identify personal pronouns and understand their function.

TLW use personal pronouns correctly as subjects and objects in sentences.

PRONOUNS A pronoun is a word that takes the

place of one or more nouns

The most frequently used pronouns are called personal pronouns.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS Pronouns that are used to refer to people or

things are called personal pronouns.

Can be singular or plural

SINGULAR PLURAL

USED AS I we

SUBJECTS you you

he, she, it they

USED AS me us

OBJECTS you you

him, her, it them

PERSONAL PRONOUNSPersonal pronouns can be used as

the subject of the sentence or the object of a verb or preposition.

SUBJECT PRONOUNSSubject pronoun: a pronoun in the

nominative case used as the subject of a sentence I, you, he, she, it, we, they

EXAMPLES:She is my best friend. It is my dog. Does he know the answer?You and I will meet later.

OBJECT PRONOUNSObject pronoun: used as the

direct/indirect object or the object of a preposition. me, you, him, her, it, us, them

Examples:Give the book to me. The teacher gave her a reprimand. I will tell you a story. Susan read it to them.

PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS SPI 0701.1.1 Identify the correct use of

nouns and pronouns within context

TLW identify pronouns and their antecedents.

TLW make pronouns agree in number and gender.

PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS The noun or group of words that a pronoun refers

to is called its antecedent.

When using a pronoun, make sure it refers to the antecedent clearly. Be especially careful when you use the pronoun they.

INCORRECT: They have several books about Greek myths at the

library. Who is they? CORRECT:

Several books about myths are available at the library.

PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS

Make sure the pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number and gender.

1. The myth of Arachne is amusing. I enjoyed it.

2. The bystanders see Athena. They watch her at the loom.

PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS Be careful using THEIR!

Think about the antecedent!

The team lost their coach. The band will be starting their tour this winter. Over Christmas break, the school will host their

annual basketball tournament.

THESE SENTENCES ARE WRITTEN INCORRECTLY!

SPI 0701.1.1 Identify the correct use of nouns and pronouns within context

TLW identify subject and object pronouns.

TLW use subject and object pronouns correctly in compound subjects and objects when speaking and writing.

USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY

USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY Subject pronouns are used in compound

subjects.

Object pronouns are used in compound objects.

EXAMPLES:He and Carmen wrote a report on the subject.

(Not Him and Carmen)Tell John and me about Hercules. (Not John and I)

A preposition takes an object. The object of a preposition can be either

simple or compound. You must use an object pronouns as

the object of a preposition.

Examples:Lee read a famous Roman myth to me. Lee read a famous Roman myth to Irma and

me.

USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY

Whenever the pronoun I is part of a compound subject, it should always be placed after the other parts of the subject.

When the pronoun me is part of a compound object, it should go after the other parts of the object.

EXAMPLES: Lee and I read some ancient Roman myths. (Not I and Lee) Mythology interests Lee and me. (Not me and Lee)

USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY

USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY In formal writing and speech use a subject

pronoun after a linking verb.

EXAMPLES: The writer of this report was she. It is I.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS is a pronoun that shows who or what has something

A possessive pronoun may take the place of a possessive noun.

They DON’T contain an apostrophe

SINGULAR PLURAL

USED BEFORE my our

NOUNS your your

her, his, its their

USED mine ours

ALONE yours yours

hers, his, its theirs

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSExamples:

Homer’s story is famous. His story is famous.

This story is Homer’s.This story is his.

Possessive nouns are in red. Possessive pronouns are in green.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS refers to a person, place, thing, or an idea

that may or may not be specifically named.

can be singular, plural, or both depending on the word they refer to

they are singular when they refer to singular words and plural when they refer to plural words.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS all everybody none another everyone no one any everything nothing anybody few one anyone many other anything more several both most some each much somebody each other neither someone either nobody something

SINGULAR INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

S (some)

A (any)

N (no)

E (every)

People someonesomebody

anyoneanybody

no onenobody

everyoneeverybody

Things something anything nothing everything

Places somewhere

anywhere

nowhere everywhere

**another, each, either, neither, much, one**

OTHER INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

PluralIndefinite Pronouns

Singular or Plural Indefinite Pronouns

Both All

Few Any

Many Most

Others None

Several Some

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Everyone enjoys travel.

Each of the birds built its own nest.

Anyone who has finished his or her sketch should show it to the teacher.

Many of us like to fly.

Several of the ice sculptures are melting.

Were both of the concerts cancelled, or were they just rescheduled?

SINGULAR PLURAL

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

When an indefinite pronoun is used as the subject, the verb must agree with it in number.

Everyone discusses the plot. (singular)

Both talk about King Minos. (plural)

All of mythology is about beliefs and ideals. (singular)

All of the myths are about beliefs and ideals. (plural)

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Possessive pronouns often have indefinite

pronouns as their antecedents.

In such cases, the pronouns must agree in number.

Note that in the first example the intervening prepositional phrase does not affect the agreement.

Each of the characters has his or her motive.

Several have conflict with their rivals.

Fill in the blank 1. agrees that new technologies

provide new opportunities.

2. do their banking, shopping, and research at home on their computers.

3. believe this is a much more convenient way to conduct their business.

4. Almost uses a credit card made available through technology.

5. go to the grocery store where technology will tally their purchases.

Answers 1. Everyone agrees that new technologies provide

new opportunities.

2. Many do their banking, shopping, and research at home of their computers.

3. Some believe this is a much more convenient way to conduct their business.

4. Almost everyone uses a credit card made available through technology.

5. Others go to the grocery store, where technology will tally their purchases.

REFLEXIVE & INTENSIVE PRONOUNS

End in –self & -selves

SINGULAR PLURAL

myself ourselves

yourself yourselves

himself, herself, itself

themselves

Do not use hisself or theirselves.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS refers to a noun or another pronoun and indicates that the same person or

thing is involved

the sentence would not make sense without it-or-it would change the meaning without it

You cannot take it out!

NEVER used as the subject of the sentence

Ex. The woman found herself a book of folktales.

INTENSIVE PRONOUNS is a pronoun that adds emphasis to a noun

or pronoun already named

can be removed from the sentence and the sentence will still make sense

NEVER used as the subject of the sentence

George himself bought a copy of American Tall Tales.

He himself paid for the book.

PRACTICE

English book page 440

TLW

Identify interrogative pronouns. Distinguish between interrogative pronouns

and contractions. Use who and whom correctly.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN

is a pronoun used to introduce an interrogative sentence

used to ask a question

Refers to people: Who Whom

Refers to Things: What Which (choice)

Shows possession: Whose

EXAMPLE SENTENCES

Who (people) Who invented the phonograph?

What (things, places) What was the kinetoscope?

Which (things, places) Which is the most famous invention?

Whom (people) Whom do people admire?

Whose (people, possessive) Whose was it?

Do not confuse: Whose & Who’s

Who: subject pronoun (Can replace with he or she.)

Whom: object pronoun (Can replace with him & her; use as D.O. or after a preposition)

WHO VS. WHOM Both pronouns refer to people

Who is used as the subject of the sentence (replace with he/she/they)

Whom is used as an object of a verb or preposition (replace with him/her/them)

Examples: Who borrowed the book? (subject) Whom did you let borrow the book? (direct object) From whom did you borrow the book? (object of a

preposition)

Who is captain of the football team this year? Who were the first Americans?

To whom did you give your old skateboard? Whom did you give your old skateboard to?

PRACTICE

(Who, Whom) did you buy flowers for? (Who, Whom) will you call to come and pick

us up after band practice? (Who, Whom) painted that beautiful picture?

ON YOUR OWN

Open your book to page 442. Get out your whiteboard, marker, and eraser.

TLW

Identify demonstrative pronouns. Distinguish between demonstrative pronouns

and demonstrative adjectives.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

is a pronoun that points out something

Location Singular Plural

Something near in space or time (present)

THIS THESE

Something farther away in distance or time (past)

THAT THOSE

EXAMPLES This is an interesting book. (singular,

nearby)

These are interesting books. (plural, nearby)

That is a long book. (singular, at a distance)

Those are long books. (plural, at a distance)

DO NOT CONFUSE WITH ADJECTIVES

This, that, these, & those can also be adjectives.

This pizza is too hot to eat. Did you watch that television show last

night? I want all these chairs moved to the back of

the room. Please put those shoes in your room.