promax 2d seismic processing and...

ProMAX 2DSeismic Processing and

Analysiscopyright © 1998 by Landmark Graphics Corporation

626080 Rev. B May 1998

OverheadAgenda - 2

Agenda

Day 1

Introductions, Course Outline, and Miscellaneous Topics

ProMAX 2D Geometry - Manual

• Input Data into the Spreadsheet• CDP Binning• Loading Geometry to Trace Headers• QC Database Attributes

ProMAX 2D Geometry - Full Extraction

• Database File Extraction

ProMAX 2D Geometry - Extraction with Editing

• Database File Extraction• Spreadsheet Completion and CDP Binning• Loading Geometry to Trace Headers

Trace Editing using Trace Statistics and DBTools

• Running Trace Statistics• Display Trace Statistics using DBTools• Selecting Bad Traces with DBTools

System Overview

• Directory Structure• Program Execution• Ordered Parameter Files• Parameter Tables• Disk Datasets

ProMAX 2D Seismic Processing and Analysis:Agenda pg 1

OverheadAgenda - 3

Day 2

Parameter Selection and Analysis

• Parameter Table Picking• Parameter Test• IF/ENDIF Conditional Processing• F-K Analysis and Filtering• Interactive Spectral Analysis (ISA)

Elevation Static Corrections

• Elevation Statics Discussion• Apply Elevation Statics• Apply User Statics

Brute Stack

• RMS Velocity Field ASCII Import• Brute Stack with Elevation Statics

Neural Network First Break Picking

• Interactive NN First Break Training/Picking• Batch Neural Network First Break Picking

Refraction Static Corrections

• Refraction Statics Calculation - coordinate based• Apply Refraction Statics• Stack with Refraction Statics

Stack Comparisons

• Compare Stacks

Velocity Analysis and the Volume Viewer

• Velocity Analysis Precompute• Velocity Analysis• Volume Viewer/Editor


OverheadAgenda - 4

Day 3

Residual Statics Corrections

• Data Preparation for Input to Residual Statics• Calculation of Residual Statics• QC and Application of Residual Statics• External Model AutoStatics

Dip Moveout (DMO)

• Common Offset Binning• DMO• Final Stack

PostStack Signal Enhancement

• F-X Decon, Dynamic S/N Filtering, and BLEND• Trace Math

Velocity: QC, Editing, Modeling

• Velocity Viewer/Point Editor• Velocity Manipulation

PostStack Migration

• Poststack Migration Processes• Tapering• Poststack Migration

Additional Topics


OverheadAgenda - 5

Goals of the Class

❏ Build and QC Processing Flows

❏ Manage the Database and Datasets

❏ Apply Geophysical Parameters to SeismicData

OverheadAgenda - 6

Processing WorkFlow for Class

1. Geometry Assignment

2. Trace Editing

4a. Elevation Statics

4b. Refraction Statics

5. Brute Stack

6. Velocity Analysis

7. Residual Statics

8. Dip Moveout (DMO)

9. PostStack Signal Enhancement

10. PostStack Migration

Pick First Breaks

Velocity Modeling

Field Data

3. Parameter Selection

ProMAX 2D Seismic Processing and Analysis:Preface pg 3

OverheadAgenda - 7

Build and QC Processing Flows

Upon completion of the course you will havebuilt some 39 processing flows.

ProMAX 2D Seismic Processing and Analysis:Appendix 5 pg 9

OverheadAgenda - 8

Manage the Database and Datasets

Upon completion of the course you will havecreated the above datasets.


OverheadAgenda - 9

Apply Geophysical Parameters

N_DATUM = floating datum

F_DATUM = final datum

S_STATIC = (F_DATUM - ELEV + DEPTH) / DATUMVEL

R_STATIC = [(F_DATUM - ELEV + DEPTH) / DATUMVEL] - UPHOLE

C_STATIC = 2 * [(N_DATUM - F_DATUM) / DATUMVEL]

N_DATUM = floating datum

NMO_STAT = S_STATIC + R_STATIC + C_STATIC

FNL_STAT = - C_STATIC

TOT_STAT = cumulative applied statics

NA_STAT = statics less than one sample period which are not-yet-appli e

Trace Header Values:

Database Attributes:

(If TOT_STAT = 21.2 ms, and the sample period is 4 ms,

NA_STAT = 1.2 ms)

F_DATUM

N_DATUM

S_STATIC R_STATICC_STATIC

FNL_STAT

SurfaceElevation

S.P. CDP

Receiver

NMO_STAT

NMO_STAT

Shot


Overheadchap 1 - 10

Geometry Assignment

Geometry Assignment creates the ProMAXDatabase Files and loads header informationinto the trace headers of ProMAX data.

Chapter Objectives:

❏ Understand what the Ordered Parameter Files (OPF’s)represent

❏ Edit the OPF’s via the Geometry Spreadsheet

❏ View Trace Header values for Geometry Attributes

❏ Import Observer Data into the Geometry Spreadsheet

❏ QC and Edit Geometry via DBTools and XDB

❏ Understand ProMAX Sign Conventions

❏ Understand what a Pattern Represents

❏ Understand the steps of Binning

❏ Graphically QC Geometry with Farr Displays

1. Geometry Assignment Field Data

ProMAX 2D Seismic Processing and Analysis: 1-pg 1

Overheadchap 1 - 11

ProMAX Geometry Assignment Map

Database

Ordered ParameterFiles

Extract

Spreadsheet

ASCIIO.B.

Notes

Files

SEG-? Input

Inline Geom

Seismic Data

FieldData

Header Load

Import

(ProMAX)

DatabaseImport

GeometrySpreadsheet

Seismic Data

(ProMAX)

Disk DataOutput

Inline GeomHeader Load

UKOOA

UKOOAImport

Seismic Data

(ProMAX)

Valid TraceNumbersOverwriteTrace Headers

Disk DataOutput

ManualInput

All Possible Geometry Assignment Paths


Overheadchap 1 - 12

Geometry assignment path for thisexercise


O.B. Notesand

SEG-Y Input

Seismic Data

FieldData

(ProMAX)

GeometrySpreadsheet Inline Geom

Header Load

Disk DataOutput

SurveyInformation

Spreadsheet

ASCII

ImportManualInput


Overheadchap 1 - 13

First look at the data

• Add a line named “Watson Rise ”

• Add the following flow:

Editing Flow: 1.1-View Shots

Add Delete Execute View Exit

SEG-Y Input

Type of storage: ----------------------------------------Disk Image

Enter DISK file path name: -------------Your instructor willgive you the path name to use.

----Default the rest of the parameters----Automatic Gain Control

----Default all parameters for this process----Trace Display

Number of ENSEMBLES (line segments)/screen: -------2

----Default the rest of the parameters----


Overheadchap 1 - 14

Description of Geometry for this line

Channel

Station 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 . . . 446 449 450 451 452 453 . . . 505 506 507 508

1 60

Channel

Station 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 . . . 446

1 60

388.5

392.5

Channel

Station 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 . . . 447

1 60

448.5

61 120

449 450 451 452 453 . . . 505 506 507 508

61 120

450 451 452 453 454 . . . 506 507 508 509

61 120

Pattern for Source 1



20 Sources120 Channels55 ft. Receiver Interval220 ft. Source Interval2 Second Record Length4 ms Sample RateDynamite Source


Overheadchap 1 - 15

Observers ReportGroup Int.=55 Shot Int.=220 Sample Int.=4 ms # of Chan=120

ShotLoc.

Fileno.

Depth Offset Uphole Time

Chan1

Chan60

Chan61

Chan120

388.5 2 93 0 22 387 446 449 508

392.5 3 93 0 20 387 446 449 508

396.5 4 93 50 20 387 446 449 508

400.5 5 93 0 23 387 446 449 508

404.5 6 93 15 18 387 446 449 508

408.5 7 93 0 24 387 446 449 508

412.5 8 93 0 20 387 446 449 508

416.5 9 93 0 19 387 446 449 508

420.5 10 93 0 17 387 446 449 508

424.5 11 93 0 20 387 446 449 508

428.5 12 93 0 22 387 446 449 508

431.5 13 93 0 19 387 446 449 508

436.5 14 93 0 19 387 446 449 508

440.5 15 93 0 20 387 446 449 508

444.5 16 93 0 21 387 446 449 508

448.5 17 93 0 23 388 447 450 509

452.5 18 93 0 22 392 451 454 513

456.5 19 93 0 20 396 455 458 517

458.5 22 93 0 20 398 457 460 519

464.5 23 93 0 20 404 463 466 525

Source. and ReceiverAzimuth=90 degrees

First LiveStation=387

Last LiveStation=525

Units=ft


Overheadchap 1 - 16

Load Survey Information to theSpreadsheet

Build the following flow:

Editing Flow: 1.2-Geometry Spreadsheet


2D Land Geometry Spreadsheet*


Overheadchap 1 - 17

ASCII File Import

When working with ASCII file import thereare three required steps:

❏ Open the ASCII file.

❏ Define which numbers are in whichcolumns.

❏ Define which “cards” or rows to excludefrom the import.


Overheadchap 1 - 18

Sign Conventions

• Enter the values for the Offset columnfrom the Observer’s Report

• Fill the Skid column with 27.5

Offset Sign Convention

(Source Azimuth)

Direction of Increasing

(-) Negative Offset

(+) Positive Offset

Shot (x,y) Station Numbers

Skid Sign Convention

Source Azimuth

Shot (x,y)

(-) Negative Skid (+) Positive Skid

Toward lower stations Toward higher stations

(Direction of Increasing Station Numbers)


Overheadchap 1 - 19

Defining Patterns

1) Static Gap Method

Static Gap Size and Gap Chan

Shot

Ch 1 Ch 60

Stn 387 Stn 446

Patterns Spreadsheet

Definition

Sources Spreadsheet

Stn 449 Stn 508

Ch 61 Chn 120

Pat ChanFrom

ChanTo

ChanInc

RcvrFrom

RcvrTo

RcvrInc

1

1

1

61

60

120

1

1

387

449

446

508

1

1

Gap Chan=0 and Gap Size=0


Overheadchap 1 - 20

2) Dynamic Gap Method

Dynamic Gap Size and Gap Chan

Shot

Ch 1 Ch 60

Stn 387 Stn 446

Patterns Spreadsheet

Definition

Sources Spreadsheet

Stn 449 Stn 508

Ch 61 Chn 120

Pat ChanFrom

ChanTo

ChanInc

RcvrFrom

RcvrTo

RcvrInc

1 1 120 1 387 506 1

Gap Chan=60 and Gap Size=2


Overheadchap 1 - 21

Binning

You must execute all three of the optionsavailable in the binning window.


Overheadchap 1 - 22

Organization of Ordered ParameterFiles

LIN (Line) Contains constant line information, such as finaldatum, type of units, source type, total numberof shots.

TRC (Trace) Contains information varying by trace, such asFB Picks, trim statics, source-receiver offsets.

SRF(Surfacelocation)

Contains information varying by surface receiverlocation, such as surface location x,ycoordinates, surface location elevations,surface location statics, number of tracesreceived at each surface location, and receiverfold.

SIN(SourceIndex #)

Contains information varying by source point,such as source x,y coordinates, sourceelevations, source uphole times, nearest surfacelocation to source, source statics.

CDP(CommonDepth Point)

Contains information varying by CDP location,such as CDP x,y coordinates, CDP elevation,CDP fold, nearest surface location.

CHN(Channel)

Contains information varying by channelnumber, such as channel gain constants andchannel statics.

OFB(Offset Bin)

Contains information varying by offset binnumber, such as surface consistent amplitudeanalysis. OFB is created when certainprocesses are run, such as surface consistentamplitude analysis.

PAT (Pattern) Contains information describing the recordingpatterns.


Overheadchap 1 - 23

View Database Attributes

The database offers several useful geometryQC plots, some of them are listed below.

SIN: GEOMETRY:ELEV

SRF: GEOMETRY:ELEV

CDP: GEOMETRY: FOLD

SIN: GEOMETRY: NCHANS

XYGraph; TRC:SRF, SIN, OFFSET

XYGraph; TRC: OFFSET, CDP, SIN

These can be done either from the XDBDatabase Display, or from the DBToolsWindow.

ProMAX 2D Seismic Processing and Analysis,page 1-29 to 32

Overheadchap 1 - 24

Load Geometry to the Trace Headers

Editing Flow: 1.3-Inline Header Load


SEG-Y Input

Type of storage: ----------------------------------------Disk Image

Enter DISK file path name: -------------Your instructor willgive you the path name to use.

----Default the rest of the parameters----Inline Geom Header Load

Primary header to match database: ---------------------FFID

Secondary header to match database: ----------------None

Match by valid trace number?: -------------------------------No

Drop traces with NULL CDP headers?: --------------------No

Drop traces with NULL receiver headers: ----------------No

Verbose diagnostics?: --------------------------------------------NoDisk Data Output

Output Dataset Filename: -----------Shots-with geometry

New, or Existing, File?: ----------------------------------------New

Record length to output: ------------------------------------------0.

Trace sample format: ----------------------------------------16 bit

Skip primary disk storage?: -----------------------------------No


Overheadchap 1 - 25

Graphical Geometry QC

Editing Flow: 1.4-Graphical Geometry QC


Graphical Geometry QC*

Select input trace data file: ----------Shots-with geometry

SIN and SOU_SLOC range of dataset: ---------------------*:*

dB/sec gain value to apply: ------------------------------------6.

Specify LMO velocity function(s): -------------------1:0:8000

Additional bulk shift: -------------------------------------------100

Maximum time for each spliced trace: -------------------400

Maximum number of shots (traces) to vertically splice: ---------------------------------------------------------------------4

Resulting maximum number of traces per screen: --139

Select display device: -------------------------------This Screen

Scalar for sample value multiplication: ---------------------1.

Trace scaling option: -----------------------------------Individual

t

Shot LMO Shot Farr Disp

ProMAX 2D Seismic Processing and Analysis,page 1-35

Overheadchap 1 - 26

Chapter Summary

Upon completion of this chapter you shouldbe able to answer the following questions:

❏ Do you understand what the OPF’s represent

❏ Can you edit the OPF’s via the Geometry Spreadsheet

❏ Can you view Trace Header values for GeometryAttributes

❏ Can you import Observer Data into the GeometrySpreadsheet

❏ Can you QC and edit Geometry via DBTools and XDB

❏ Do you understand ProMAX Sign Conventions

❏ Do you understand what a Pattern Represents

❏ Do you understand the steps of Binning

❏ Can you graphically QC Geometry with Farr Displays


Overheadchap 2 - 27

Full Extraction Geometry Assignment

In this chapter we will cover the stepsnecessary to assign geometry to a line if allof the required information is present in thetrace headers of the input dataset.

Chapter Objectives:

❏ Understand how to Remap SEG-Yheaders

❏ Create Database Files from Extraction



Overheadchap 2 - 28


Full Extraction


Seismic Data

(ProMAX)

Database


Extract

Files

SEG-Y Input

FieldData

Seismic Data

(ProMAX)

Disk DataOutput


Overheadchap 2 - 29

Extract Database Files Method

Create a new Line

Make sure you are in your Area and add anew line named, “Database FullExtraction ”.


Overheadchap 2 - 30

Database file extraction

Build the Flow :

Editing Flow: 1.1-Extract Database Files


SEG-Y Input

Type of storage: --------------------------------------- Disk Image

Enter DISK file path name: -----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------/misc_files/2d/segy2d_remap

MAXIMUM traces per ensemble: ---------------------------120

Remap SEGY header values: ---------------------------------Yes

Input/override trace header entries: ---------------------------sou_sloc,,4I,,181/srf_sloc,,4I,,185/cdp_sloc,,4I,,189/cdp_x,,4I,,193/cdp_y,,4I,,197/cdp_elev,,4I,,201/

Extract Database Files

Is this a 3D survey: ------------------------------------------------No

Data Type: --------------------------------------------------------LAND

Source index method: -----------------------------------------FFID

Receiver index method: ------------------------------STATIONS

Mode of operation: ----------------------------------OVERWRITE

Pre-geometry extraction?: ---------------------------------------NoDisk Data Output

Output Dataset Filename: --------”raw shots w/ extract”




Skip primary disk Storage?: -----------------------------------No


Overheadchap 2 - 31

Chapter Summary


❏ Can you Remap SEG-Y headers

❏ Can you Create Database Files fromExtraction


Overheadchap 3- 32

Full Extraction GeometryAssignment with Editing

In this chapter we will cover the stepsnecessary to assign geometry to a line if allof the required information is present in thetrace headers of the input dataset.

Chapter Objectives:

❏ Better Understand OPF/SpreadSheetoperations

❏ Know How to Finalize the Database

❏ Load Geometry to Trace Headers



Overheadchap 3- 33


Extraction + Editing


Seismic Data

(ProMAX)

GeometrySpreadsheet

Database


Extract

Files

SEG-Y Input

Inline Geom

FieldData

Header Load

GeometrySpreadsheet

Seismic Data

(ProMAX)

Disk DataOutput

Valid TraceNumbersOverwriteTrace Headers


Overheadchap 3- 34

Extract Database Files Method

• Flow 1 reads a SEG-Y file, extractsinformation from the headers, writes itto the database/spreadsheets, andoutputs a ProMAX disk dataset.

• Flow 2 uses the spreadsheet as aneditor to update/add values and toautomatically enter the informationinto the database.

• Flow 3 loads the geometry informationto the trace headers of the ProMAXdataset.

Create a new Line

Make sure you are in your Area and add anew line named, “Database PartialExtraction ”.


Overheadchap 3- 35

Database file extraction

Build Flow 1:

Editing Flow: 1.1-Extract Database Files


SEG-Y Input

Type of storage: --------------------------------------- Disk Image

Enter DISK file path name: -----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------/misc_files/2d/segy2d_remap

MAXIMUM traces per ensemble: ---------------------------120

Remap SEGY header values: ---------------------------------Yes

Input/override trace header entries: --------------------------------------------sou_sloc,,4I,,181/srf_sloc,,4I,,185/

Extract Database Files

Is this a 3D survey: ------------------------------------------------No

Data Type: --------------------------------------------------------LAND

Source index method: -----------------------------------------FFID

Receiver index method: ------------------------------STATIONS

Mode of operation: ----------------------------------OVERWRITE

Pre-geometry extraction?: ---------------------------------------NoDisk Data Output

Output Dataset Filename: --------”raw shots w/ extract”






Overheadchap 3- 36

Spreadsheet completion and binning

Build Flow 2:

Editing Flow: 1.2-Geometry Spreadsheet


2D Land Geometry Spreadsheet*


Overheadchap 3- 37

Load geometry to the trace headers

Build Flow 3:

Editing Flow: 1.3-Header Load


Disk Data Input

Read data from other lines/surveys: ----------------------No

Select Dataset: -------------------------”raw shots w/extract”

Trace read option: --------------------------------------------Get All

Read the data multiple times?: -------------------------------No

Process trace headers only?: ---------------------------------Yes

Override input data’s sample interval: --------------------NoInline Geom Header Load

Match by valid trace number?: ------------------------------Yes

Drop traces with NULL CDP headers?: --------------------No

Drop traces with NULL receiver headers?: ---------------No

Verbose Diagnostics?: --------------------------------------------NoDisk Data Output

Output Dataset Filename: ---------”raw shots w/extract”

New, or Existing, File?: --------------------------------Overwrite




Overheadchap 3- 38

Chapter Summary


❏ Are you confident in OPF/SpreadSheetoperations

❏ What does it mean to “Finalize theDatabase”

❏ Can you Load Geometry to Trace Headers


Overheadchap 4- 39

Trace Editing using Trace Statisticsand DBTools

Chapter Objectives:

In this chapter you learn some of the powerof DBTools using it to isolate bad traces viaTrace Statistics. Upon completion of thischapter you should:

❏ Understand how to run Trace Statistics

❏ Be functional at using DBTools

❏ Understand how the Pointing Dispatchercommunicates between processes

2. Trace Editing

ProMAX 2D Seismic Processing and Analysis: 4 -pg 1

Overheadchap 4- 40

Pick a Time Gate

Build the Flow:

Editing Flow: 2.1-Edit by Trace Stats


Disk Data Input

Select dataset: -----------------------------shots - w/ geometry

----Default all other parameters----Trace Display

----Default all parameters----

Time Gate Top

Time Gate Bottom


Overheadchap 4- 41

Arrange the Displays


Overheadchap 4- 42

Pick the Bad Traces


Overheadchap 4- 43

Chapter Summary


❏ Can you run Trace Statistics

❏ Are you functional at using DBTools

❏ Are you comfortable with how PDCommunicates between Processes


Overheadchap 5- 44

System Overview

In this chapter we discuss some of thebehind-the-scenes program operation, aswell as the basic ProMAX framework.

Chapter Objectives:

❏ Understand where and how data files arestored

❏ Know where menus and programexecutable’s are stored

❏ Know how data passes through a ProMAXflow


Overheadchap 5- 45

ProMAX Directory Structure/sys

/port

/etc

/scratch

/queues

config_fileproductinstall.docpvmhostsqconfiglicense.dat

/data

/help

/menu

/misc

/plot

/lib

/bin

/exe

/promax3d

lib*.a

/promax

*.menuProcesses

/frame/sdi/3rd party

super_exec.exe*.exe from program

exec.exe

*.lok - Frame help*.help -ASCII help

*_stat_math*.rgb-colormapsProMax_defaults

$PROMAX_HOME

/area /line(or $PROMAX_DATA_HOME)

(default=.../ProMAX)

/promax3d

/promax

/promaxvsp

/promaxvsp

*.exe from command line

software

/binstart-up executable

/lib/X11/app-defaultsApplication windowmanagers


Overheadchap 5- 46

ProMAX Data Directories

/Data

/AreaDescNameProject

/LineDescName17968042TVEL31790267TGAT36247238TMUT12345678CIND12345678CMAP

/12345678HDR1HDR2TRC1

/Flow1

TRC2

DescName

job.output

/OPF.SINOPF60_SIN.GEOMETRY.ELEV

/OPF.SRF

A Flow subdirectoryTypeName

packet.job

and its files

Parameter Table files

Index and Map Dataset files

Dataset subdirectoryand Header and TraceDataset files

PROMAX_DATA_HOMEor

#s0_OPF60_SRF.GEOMETRY.ELEV

/OPF.SIN Databasesubdirectory anda non-spanned file

/OPF.SRF Databasesubdirectory and aspan file

Area subdirectoryand its files


Overheadchap 5- 47

Program Execution

.

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