projectile motion lab - tarleton.edu · pre-lab investigation set up the projectile launcher and...

Projectile Motion Lab GROUP: CASEY CLARK, WESTON EGGER, MICHAEL MCDONALD, JON TOBIAS

Introduction

Kinematic equations can be defined as the equation of motion. In this lab you will gain an understanding of how kinematic equations world and how to relate each of the variables. (*Acceleration must be constant for kinematic equations to be valid)

Objectives

Find a theoretical distance using given values for velocity initial, velocity final, time it took for the ball to hit the time of flight pad, and the heights of the launcher/time pad.

Collect time, final velocity, and initial velocity and use given: height of time pad, height of launcher, angle of trajectory, and pressure used by launcher.

Find theoretical height of the object at the maximum point.

Use kinematic equations to solve for distance using the values recorded.

Compare values calculated to the theoretical values.

Materials

Lab Quest2

Time of flight pad

Go direct projectile launcher

Metal projectiles

Meter stick

Air pump

Personal protective equipment (eyeglasses)

Pre-Lab Investigation

Set up the projectile launcher and load it with a metal projectile.

Fill the projectile with 4 psi and launch the projectile at any degree angle below 80 degrees.

Let the projectile hit the table or surface that the projectile launcher is on.

Attempt to time from when the projectile is launched to the time the projectile hits the surface. (*Make sure that the launcher is on a level surface and the estimated impact zone is of equal height and is clear of all peers and objects)

Proceed to fill-in the position-time graph on the given worksheet

Procedure

1. Turn on LabQuest 2, using the USB cable provided connect the Lab Quest to the projectile launcher and setup launcher.

2. Using Ethernet to Ethernet cable connect the time of flight pad to the projectile launcher.

3. On the LabQuest go to mode. Mode should be on photogate timing, Photogate mode should be on projectile launcher, Launch speed should be on gate separation and check the box to use time of flight pad.

4. Zero projectile launcher using bubble level by clicking GDX: angle then hit calibrate and then hit calibrate now. After this enter a known value of zero degrees.

Procedure

5. To launch the projectile you must the arm button and the launch button at the same time.

6. To launch the projectile, pressure must be added to the launcher via air pump. If the pressure is too great, the pressure can be bled off using the range knob. If there is not enough pressure, turn the range knob up to allow for more pressure to be added to the tank.

7. Now that the LabQuest and the projectile launcher are setup, load the launcher and pump in the psi stated. Next set the angle to the angle specified in the test.

8. After this, set the flight of time pad in the estimated impact zone of the projectile.

Procedure

9. Launch the projectile using step #5.

10. If the projectile does not hit the time of flight path, make adjustments until the projectile hits the pad. This is the only time data should be taken from the experiment. The Projectile must hit the time of flight pad to collect the data.

11. Record all information and repeat steps 7-11 until all tests are completed.

12. Answer all the questions that follow the tests. The specifications for the test are located in the Conduction Experiment Test.

Experiment Tests (Part 1)

1. Run 5 tests at 80 degrees with a pressure of 5 psi. Record all data from the tests. Use the data to answer question 1 using kinematic equations. Once finished, measure the distance from where the ball launches out of the launcher to the middle of the time of flight pad and record that distance.

Question 1. Calculate the overall distance the ball will travel with the data provided using the 80 degree averages of the 5 tests.

Using 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵=𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴+(𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴)𝑋𝑋∗𝑡𝑡𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 Where, 𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴 = 0 m, (𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴)𝑋𝑋 = 5.476*Cos(80) m/s and 𝑡𝑡𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵= 1.1230746 s

Pugging in these numbers will solve for a distance of 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵 = 1.06792841 meters.

Experiment Tests (Pt. 2)

2. Use the data collected from the previous tests to calculate theoretical maximum height. Answer question 2.

Question 2.What was the maximum theoretical height for the first test? Use the average of the 5 test values. Explain how you calculated the maximum height?

Using 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦^2= 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦^2−2𝑔𝑔(𝑌𝑌−𝑌𝑌𝑜𝑜) Where, 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 0 m/s, 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦 = 5.476*Sin(80) m/s , g = 9.81 m/s^2, 𝑌𝑌𝑜𝑜 = 0.146 m

Plugging in these numbers will solve for a maximum height of Y = 1.628 m


3. Run 5 tests at 45 degrees with a pressure of 1.875 psi. Record all data from the tests. Use the data to calculate question 3 using kinematic equations. Once finished, measure the distance from where the ball launches out of the launcher to the middle of the time of flight pad and record that distance.

Question 3. Calculate the overall distance the ball will travel with the data provided using the 45 degree averages of the 5 tests.

Using 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵=𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴+(𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴)𝑋𝑋∗𝑡𝑡𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 Where, 𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴 = 0 m, (𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴)𝑋𝑋 = 4.0978*Cos(45) m/s and 𝑡𝑡𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵= 0.6203888 s

Pugging in these numbers will solve for a distance of 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵 = 1.797627524 meters.



Question 4. What was the maximum theoretical height for the second test? Use the average of the 5 test values.

Using 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦^2= 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦^2−2𝑔𝑔(𝑌𝑌−𝑌𝑌𝑜𝑜) Where, 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 0 m/s, 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦 = 4.0978*Sin(45) m/s , g = 9.81 m/s^2, 𝑌𝑌𝑜𝑜 = 0.146 m

Plugging in these numbers will solve for a maximum height of Y = 0.573929787 m


5. Run 5 tests at 30 degrees with a pressure of 2.5 psi. Record all data from the tests. Use the data to calculate question 5 using kinematic equations. Once finished, measure the distance from where the ball launches out of the launcher to the middle of the time of flight pad and record that distance.

Question 5. Calculate the overall distance the ball will travel with the data provided using the 30 degrees averages of the 5 tests.Using 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵=𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴+(𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴)𝑋𝑋∗𝑡𝑡𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 Where, 𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴 = 0 m, (𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴)𝑋𝑋 = 4.4202*Cos(30) m/s and 𝑡𝑡𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 = 0.4803946 sPlugging in these numbers will solve for a distance of 𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵 = 1.83895 meters.



Question 6. What was the maximum theoretical height for the third test? Use the average of the 5 test values.Using 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦2= 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦2−2𝑔𝑔(𝑌𝑌−𝑌𝑌𝑜𝑜) Where, 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 0 m/s, 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦 = 4..4202*Sin(30) m/s , g = 9.81 m/s2, 𝑌𝑌𝑜𝑜 = 0.146 mPlugging in these numbers will solve for a maximum height of Y = 0.394957289 m


7. Use all the data collected to answer questions 7-12.Question 7. Compare the recorded values for theoretical distance to the actual distance using the percent error formula. How do these compare? What were possible causes of error?

Using [(𝐶𝐶𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒−𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡𝑢𝑢𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒)/𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑡𝑢𝑢𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒]∗100 you can find the percent error for each test.

Test #1, Actual = 1.07 m and Calculated = 1.067928741 m gives a percent error of 0.19%



Cont.


Question 8. Look at the maximum theoretical heights averages for all the tests and compare them to each other. How do they differ? Does it make sense if there is a difference in the theoretical maximum heights?

Each maximum height differs from each test because the angle for each test was different. The angles being different accounts for a different maximum height even if they went close to the same distance.


Question 9. What kinematic equation or equations were used to find the maximum theoretical height of the projectile? Explain all variables.

𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦^2= 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑦𝑦^2−2𝑔𝑔(𝑌𝑌−𝑌𝑌𝑜𝑜) Is the kinematic equation used for maximum theoretical height.

Question 10. What kinematic equation or equations were used to find theoretical distance traveled by the projectile? Explain all variables.

𝑋𝑋𝐵𝐵=𝑋𝑋𝐴𝐴+(𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴)𝑋𝑋∗𝑡𝑡𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 Is the kinematic equation used for theoretical distance.

Experiment (Pt. 10)

Question 11. In theory, if the pressure was to be increased, would the projectile go farther? Explain your reasoning.

If the pressure was increased then the projectile would go farther. It would go farther because the increased pressure would increase your launch velocity. Using kinematics you can see with a greater velocity you will get a greater distance.

Question 12. In theory, if the angle was increased and pressure remained the same, would the projectile go farther or shorter? Explain your reasoning.

If the angle of launch increased and the pressure remained the same the projectile would travel a shorter distance. Using the kinematic equation for distance you can see the change in angle will make the distance decrease.

Thank You

Projectile Motion Lab IntroductionObjectivesMaterialsPre-Lab InvestigationProcedure Procedure Procedure Experiment Tests (Part 1) Experiment Tests (Pt. 2) Experiment Tests (Pt. 3)Experiment Tests (Pt. 4) Experiment Tests (Pt. 5) Experiment Tests (Pt. 6) Experiment Tests (Pt. 7) Experiment Tests (Pt. 8)Experiment Tests (Pt. 9)Experiment (Pt. 10)Thank You

projectile motion lab - tarleton.edu · pre-lab investigation set up the projectile launcher and...

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