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Revised EIA Report of Design Construction, Operation and; maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna, Bihar under NGRBA
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EIA of Beur Sewerage System i
Reports (DPRs) & Bid
Project Title: Design Construction, Operation and,
maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna
Bihar under NGRBA
EIA – Beur (Sewerage System)
10th August 2015
Revised EIA Report of Design Construction, Operation and; maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna, Bihar under NGRBA
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EIA of Beur Sewerage System ii
0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
0.1 Introduction 1 0.2 Project Settings 1 0.3 Associated Implementing Agencies 1 (a) NGRBA 1 (b) State Level Authority 1 (c) BUIDCO 2 (d) Bihar Urban Development Agencies 2 0.4 Scope of EIA 2 0.5 Project Level Legal Frame work 2 0.6 National Law 2 0.7 Existing Sewerage Scenario 3 0.8 proposed work /Implement and activities 3 0.9 Proposed Treatment Technology 4 0.10 Design Periods 4 0.11 Investments 5 0.12 Environmental Baselines 5 0.13 Conclusion and Recommendations 6 0.14 Public Consultations 7 0.15 Summary of the project cost 10
1. INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 Patna the study area 12 1.2 Project Settings 13 1.3 Associated Implementing Agencies 13
1.3.1 NGRBA 13 1.3.2 State Level Authority 13 1.3.3 Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd 13 1.3.4 Bihar Urban Development Agency 13
1.4 Scope of EIA 13 1.5 Need for Environmental Impact Assessment 14 1.6 Purpose and Objectives 14 1.7 Structure of EIA Report 15 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS ALTERNATIVES 16 2.1 Existing Sewerage System 16 2.2 Detail of Sewerage generation in PMC 18 2.3 Terrain Analysis 19 2.4 Project influence area Beur Zone: 19 2.5 General Overview of Beur Zone 20 2.6 Existing STP’s Scenario 20 2.7 Details of sewage Pumping station in Beur Zone 21 2.8 Proposed work/Improvement and activities 22 2.9 Laying of sewer pipeline 22
2.9.1 Pipe Material 22 2.9.2 Recommendation on DWC pipe 22 2.9.3 Sewage Pumping Stations: 23 2.9.4 Some important factors which shall be considered while excavation: 24 2.9.5 Placing and Compaction of Fill and Backfill 24 2.9.6 Disposal of Surplus Material 24 2.9.7 Dewatering of Excess Water 24 2.9.8 Shoring during laying of sewer Pipes 24 2.9.9 Trenchless Technology 25
2.10 Property/ House Connections 26 2.11 Process Design Criteria and Considerations 26 2.12 Sludge Design Criteria 26 2.13 Construction of STP and Wastewater Treatment Processes 27 2.14 Proposed Treatment Technology (Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) 28
2.14.1 Receiving of Sewage: 29
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2.14.2 Coarse Screening: 29 2.14.3 Raw Sewage Pumping Station: 29 2.14.4 Stilling Chamber:- 30 2.14.5 De-Gritting: 30 2.14.6 Primary Clarifiers: 30 2.14.7 Gravity thickener: 31 2.14.8 Sludge drying: 31 2.14.9 Sludge composting: 31 2.14.10 Outfall of treated Sewerage 31
2.15 Land Requirement 32 2.16 Investment Cost 32 2.17 Implementations Schedule 33 2.18 Financing 35 3. Approach and Methodology 37 3.1 Methodology 38 3.2 Project Screening 39 3.3 Construction of Screening Activity 44 4.0 REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 45 4.1 Project Level Legal Framework 45
4.2 National Law 45 4.3 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations 46 4.4 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP 49
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 51 5.1 Introduction 51 5.2 Project influence area 51 5.3 Baseline Condition of Project affecting area. 51 5.3.1 Topography 51
5.3.2 Climate 52 5.3.1 Geology 52 5.3.2 Soil 53 5.3.3 Soil Quality in project influence area 54 5.3.4 Ambient Air Quality 54 5.3.5 Mineral Resources 56 5.3.6 Land use 56 5.3.7 Seismicity 57 5.3.8 METEOROLOGY 59 5.3.9 Wind Speed and direction 61
5.3.10 Cloud Cover 63 5.3.11 Special Weather Phenomenon 63 5.3.12 Relative Humidity 63 5.3.13 Rainfall and Precipitation 63 5.3.14 Overall Climate 63 5.3.15 Water Quality: 64 5.4 Natural Environment 67 5.4.1 Recorded Forest Area 67 5.4.2 Forest Cover 68 5.4.3 Protected Natural Habitats 68 5.4.4 Wildlife Habitats 68 5.4.5 Flora. 69 5.4.6 Fauna 69 5.4.7 Mammals 70 5.4.8 Reptiles 71 5.4.9 Birds 71 5.4.10 Fishes 71
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6.6.1 Climate 74 6.6.2 Noise 74 6.6.3 Odor 75 6.6.4 Air Quality Impacts 75
5.4.11 Other Visual resources 71 5.4.12 Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora & fauna 71 5.5 Social Environment ` 72
6.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 72 6.1 Introduction 72 6.2 Construction stage: 72 6.3 Operation stage: 72 6.4 Impact on ground and surface water 73 6.5 Impact on Soil 73
a. Construction stage 73 b. Operation Phase 74
6.6 Air quality 74
a. Construction Phase 76 b. Operation Phase 76
6.7 Socio-Economic Impacts 76 6.8 Social Economic Benefits of the Project 77
a. During construction Phase 77 b. During project Operational Phase 77
6.9 Cultural heritage: 77 6.10 Biological Impacts 78 6.10.1 Flora: 78 6.10.2 Fauna: 78
6.11 The Impact of the No-Action to the Proposed Project 78 6.12 Impact Summery 78
7 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 79 7.1 Evaluation Methodology 79 7.2 Physical Environment 79
7.2.1 Groundwater 80 7.2.2 River water and Environment 80 7.2.3 Soil 81 7.2.4 Aesthetic and Landscape Effect 81 7.2.5 Air Quality 81 a. Dust: 81 b. Noise: 81 c. Odor 81
7.3 Biological Environment 82 7.3.1 Loss of natural habitats 82 7.3.2 Deterioration of flora and fauna 82 7.4 Socio-Economic Environment 82
7.4.1 Cultural Heritage and archaeological resources 82 7.4.2 Employment Opportunities 82 7.4.3 Public Health and Safety 83 7.4.4 Land use planning 83
7.5 Energy consumption 83 7.6 Construction waste disposal 84
7.7 Reuse of treated wastewater and sludge 84
8 .0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 85 8.1 Environmental Management Plan 85
8.1.2 Implementation of EMP Specific activity by BUIDCO 85 8.1.3 Specific activity by DBO 85 8.1.4 Implementations of EMP 85
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8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan 105 8.3 EM P Budget 105 8.4 Social management Plan 114 9 .0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 117
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Abbreviations
ASP Activated Sludge Process
AWS Augmented Water Supply
BM Bench Mark
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
BRJP Bihar Rajya Jal Parishad
BSOR Bihar Schedule of Rates
BSPCB Bihar State Pollution Control Board
BUIDCo Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation
CA Contract Agreement
CDP City Development Plan
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organization CS Cross Section
DI Ductile Iron
DPR Detailed Project Report
DSR Delhi Schedule of Rates
DWC Double Walled Corrugated Pipes (PE)
ESMF Environmental & Social Management Framework
FR Feasibility Report
GAP Ganga Action Plan
GI Galvanized Iron
GL Ground level
HDPE High Density Polyethylene pipes
HFL High Flood Level
IDF Intensity, Duration, Frequency
IMD India Meteorological Department
INR Indian Rupee
IPS Intermediate Pumping Station
LS Longitudinal Sections
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MoM Minutes of Meetings
MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
MPS Main Pumping Station
MSL Mean Sea Level
MSPL Meinhardt (Singapore) Pte Ltd
NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority
NH National Highway
NMCG National Mission for Clean Ganga
NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre
O&M Operations and Maintenance
PCC Plain Cement Concrete
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PMC Patna Municipal Corporation pmc Project Management Consultancy
PPR Preliminary Project Report
RCC Reinforced Concrete Cement
SBR Sequential Batch Reactor
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SH State Highway
SOR Schedule of Rates
SPS Sewage Pumping Station
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
TBM Temporary Bench Mark
TOR Terms of Reference
ULB Urban Local Bodies
WBS Work breakdown structure
WSP Waste Stabilization Plant
YAP Yamuna Action Plan List of Units & Measured Used
Crores Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 10,000,000
Lakhs Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 100,000
d Day
l Litres
Ha Hectare
hr Hour
k Kilo (1,000)
kVA Kilo volt amps
l/p/d Litres per person per day
M Mega (1,000,000) m Metre m2 Square metre m3 Cubic metre MIGD Million Imperial Gallons per Day
min Minutes
Ml/d Mega litres per day
mm Millimetre
Pa Pascal
sec Second
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0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
0.1 Introduction
The Government of India has given Ganga the status of a National River and has constituted the National
Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) on 20th February 2009, for the comprehensive management of the
river. The main objective of the NGRBA is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of
the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. In
regards to this initiative, under pollution abatement programme NGRBA proposes sewerage works for Beur
Zone, Patna. This proposed project will cater to the zone VI of the planned zoning division for sewerage
layout of the Patna city. The existing sewerage infrastructure which was planned & constructed during
Ganga Action Plan II in 1994 has not only been outlived its life but many of the places/localities are
unsewered. At most of the places, all households are discharging their sewage through open drains which
ultimately find its way into the river Ganga. Moreover, there is also an urgent need to augment the
capacity of existing sewage treatment plant to cater to the rate of population growth. As per the
Environmental and Social Management Framework (NGRBA, 2011), the implementation of such river
pollution mitigation projects under the NGRBP is anticipated to encounter a variety of environmental and
social issues/problems. Therefore the study of environment and social impact assessment is required for
analyzing the impacts of proposed project, and suggesting the management plans to handle any negative
impacts.
0.2 Project Settings
The project title is “Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for
Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under NGRBA”.
This assignment is part of the “Construction of STP and laying of sewer line in different part of Patna city
and financed through a grant from World Bank. The preparation of Environmental and Social Assessment
Report with Management Plan is the part of overall consultancy contract.
0.3 Associated Implementing Agencies
a. NGRBA
The Central Government, by a notification dated 20.2.2009, as set up „National Ganga River Basin
Authority‟ (NGRBA)as an empowered planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for the
Ganga river, in exercise of the powers conferred under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986. The Prime
Minister is ex-officio Chairperson of the Authority, and it has as its members, the Union Ministers
Concerned and the Chief Ministers of states through which Ganga flows, viz., Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, among others. The objective of the Authority is to ensure effective
abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic approach with the river
basin as the unit of planning. The functions of the Authority include all measures necessary for planning and
execution of programmes for abatement of pollution in the Ganga in keeping with sustainable
development needs.
b. State Level Authority
The Government of Bihar (GOB) through its Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD)
has been implementing both these program in the state. In Bihar State, Patna & Bodh- Gaya cities had been
identified as mission cities under JNNURM. Apart from these two mission cities, other Urban Local Bodies
(ULBs) in Bihar had been selected for providing Infrastructure facilities under UIDSSMT Programme.
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c. Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd
BUIDCo is a Flagship company to implement and accelerate urban infrastructure projects in the State of
Bihar. These projects include basic infrastructure amenities such as Solid Waste Management, Water Supply,
Drainage Network and Sewerage & Sewage Treatment. Also, projects of urban beautification like River
Front Development, Amusement Parks, Commercial works, Hotels etc. are also being developed by the
BUIDCo.
The preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan of Sewerage Scheme and Preparation of Detailed Project
Report (DPR) is now taken over by the BUIDCo from PMC.
d. Bihar Urban Development Agency
BUDA, working under Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD), is engaged in systematic
planning, infrastructure development, and creation of civic amenities in urban and semi-urban areas in the
State of Bihar. BUDA has also been designated as the State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) for implementation
of JNNRUM & UIDSSMT program to work as a facilitator in effective implementation of the projects in
the identified ULBs. These program are to be implemented through ULBs.
0.4 Scope of EIA
The proposed sewerage project will be implemented under NGRBA and for that assistance has been sought
from World Bank. According to screening study and as per NGRBA‟s framework the project falls under low
impact category and hence Environmental clearance and EIA study is required. But keeping in view of volume
of work and also as per World Bank‟s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment Assessment) an
Environmental Assessment warned as the proposed development work envisages to have some impact
(adverse or positive) to surrounding environment.
0.5 Project Level Legal Framework
The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has adopted an Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF) and agreed with the World Bank to apply for its investment projects involving World
Bank fund. This framework describes the policy, principles, and approach to be followed in minimizing and
mitigating adverse social and economic impacts by the sub projects. The social management framework has
four parts viz., (i) Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework; (ii) Indigenous Peoples Management
Framework (IPMF); (iii) Gender Assessment and Development Framework (GAD); and (iv) Consultation
framework.
0.6 National Law
The GoI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement
for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for
specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land
preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the
scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.
Environment Clearance requirement is not applicable for this subproject under EIA Notification 2006
as amended till date since the proposed project does not listed in schedule of said notification.
Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the NGRBA, the present
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project of Sewerage work in Sewerage Phase -I in Patna City falls under low impact category since no
significant issues arise from the land to be acquired for pumping stations in Zone -II, III, IVA, V & VI.
In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an Environmental and Social
Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of Generic Safeguard Management Plan (SMP),
relevant to the project. Therefore, this package as per the guideline of NGRBA fall in "Low Impact" as
there is no requirement of land for Intermediate Pumping stations and also land for STP is readily
available.
0.7 Existing Sewerage Scenario
The city has four sewage treatment plants located at Saidpur (45 MLD), Beur (35 MLD), Beur (25 MLD) and
Karmali Chak (4 MLD) although the quantum of sewage reaching the plants is lower than installed
capacity. It can be clearly concluded that the majority of the city is uncovered by sewer network. Inhabitants
living in area without sewer network have to rely on either decentralised collection system in form of
inhouse septic tanks or on unhygienic open defecation practice.
Figure 0.1: Existing sewerage and drainage network in the city
This zone forms the Southern and central part of the PMC area and the lower portion of this zone are bound
by Punpun River. Beur Zone comprises of ward numbers 10, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19, 29,30,31,32 and
33 covering a total of 19.51 sq.km. area (i.e., around 20% of the project area). The sewage generated in this
zone is routed to 35 MLD STP located in ward 11 and is finally disposed to river Punpun after
treatment. STP is receiving power supply through only one electricity phase.
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S.No STP
Location
Capacity
(MLD)
Year of Commissioning
Operational Status
1 Beur 35 1970 (15 MLD), 1988 (5MLD), 1993 (15 MLD)
Does not operate continuous due to power problem
Zone Area (Sq.Km) Ward Covered Existing capacity of STP, MLD
Beur 19.51 10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17,18,19,29,30,31, 32,&33
35
The major components of the proposed project include:
179.74 km (Say 180 Km) long sewer network including all required trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer.
Augmenting STP of capcity to 43 MLD (renovation of 20 MLD existing STP + 23 MLD new STP) by
2017 and 70 MLD capacity by 2047
Operation and maintenance
The cost for the sewerage network for Zone II is around Rs 225.77 Crores while the cost of Beur STP plant costs around Rs 68.16 Crores.
0.8 Proposed work/Improvement and activities
Construction of sewers and its appurtenances, sewage pumping stations and sewage treatment plant shall
be carried out using mechanized construction tools and equipments to achieve maximum output.
The entire proposed work/improvement and activities can be broadly divided into three sub heading i.e
laying of sewer pipeline including construction of manhole , construction of sewage pumping station and
construction of STP.
0.9 Proposed Treatment Technology
After detailed alternative study of all available technologies and keeping in view of land availability
SBR treatment technology has been finalized for the proposed project.
0.10 Design Periods Design of sewerage system and proposed STP is planned for design period of 30 years. Considering the
design and construction period of 24 months, the ultimate year for commissioning of sewerage system
/ STP is therefore taken as year 2014-16. Correspondingly the intermediate phase as year 2032 and ultimate
phase as year 2047 have been considered. The sewerage system would be planned and designed for flows
generated up to year 2047 (ultimate phase) and STP would be designed in two phases.
0.12 Investment Cost
Using the commutations of land cost, capital investment cost and annualized O&M cost for the selected
options, a final ranking is presented below;
Revised EIA Report of Design Construction, Operation and; maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna, Bihar under NGRBA
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Process technology Cost (Lakh Rs.)
Capital Capitalized O&M for 5 years
Total
Sequential (SBR)
Batch Reactor 7050 1762.5 8812.5
0.13 Environmental Baseline
a. Topography
The project city Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. The town is situated at an altitude of
48 - 51 m above mean sea level. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers
The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna
is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.
b. Geology
Patna district is a part of the Indo Gangetic alluvium. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the
Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. Patna region is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The
quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement.
c. Soil
The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is slightly
alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In general the Calcareous
Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or acidic alluvium and hence
the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than acidic alluvium.
b. Mineral Resources
The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals except sand being mined in Ganga and
Sone River beds for construction.
c. Land use
As the proposed project is located in capital city of Bihar state, the project influence entirely falls under urban
periphery. As per the CDP for Patna City, Patna Urban Agglomeration (PUA) area comprises of 146.16
sq.km., with most densely populated wards lying along the banks of Ganga river (300 to 900 persons per ha),
whereas the wards along the southern and western sides have a lower population density of 100 to 300
persons per ha. The land in the PUA is predominantly used for residential purposes constituting 60.88% of
the total area of this 91.7% is unplanned. About 52% of the commercial land use is predominant ribbon
development along the major roads. The PUA is surrounded by three rivers namely: River Ganga in the
Northern side, River Punpun in the Southern side and River Sone in the Western side, thus imposing a natural
barrier for growth of PUA in these sides and hence leaving only the western side for expansion.
d. Seismicity
According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic
hazard, though the project site lies in Low Hazard Zone. As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site is falling under Zone IV (as per IS 1893
(Part-I): 2002).
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e. Meteorology
Climatological (long-term) data is obtained from the closest Indian Meteorology Department (IMD)
station or from any other nearby station which has been collecting meteorological data for more than ten years.
It clearly indicates that May and June are the warmest months and December and January are the coolest
months of the year having mean temperatures of 31.58±1.46 and 31.76±2.08 for May and June, respectively.
It is also to be noted that June, July and August are the wettest months of the year following the warm
season and November and December are the driest months with least or no rainfall. Wind activity is also
very high during May and June, whereas in winter, especially in November and December wind activity is
minimal h. Wind Speed and direction
The average wind speed recorded is 1.33 knots. The data of IMD shows the wind directions in project city
are from NE during summer and SW during the winter.
i. Relative Humidity
The relative humidity in project city is round 80 to 93 %.
j. Overall Climate
The Ganga plains zone forms an excessive bowl of warm air, especially during day time. The mean
maximum daily temperature even the coldest month (January) nowhere falls below 21°C. Hot season in the
zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month in the greater part of the area may
rises 40°C and above. The cold weather period extends from December to February, January being the
coldest month when temperature falls below 10°C. In lower Ganga plain, the minimum temperature is
somewhat higher being 11°C at Patna. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June in the Lower
Bengal and by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself over the entire Ganga Plain and results in
heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September.
k. Natural Environment
Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna:- As the project area is
entirely in urban periphery, common flora and fauna is observed presence of any vulnerable or protected
flora/fauna is highly unlikely.
0.14 Conclusions and Recommendations
a. Conclusions
Through the full assessment and evaluation of all environmental concerns of Beur zone Sewerage project it
can concluded that the establishment of the Beur STP and its associated facilities as well as laying of
Sewer pipe line will bring a net ecological, economic, social and health benefits for the its inhabitants. It
will achieve a secondary level and tertiary level treatment for the wastewater generated at household level. On
the other hand, some of the project
components are envisaged to have a temporary or short term negative impacts depending on the different
phases and components of the project. These impacts were discussed in great details in this report. Some of
the environmental issues of special concern are summarized below.
Water resources and water quality: during all phases, the project will have positive impacts on the water
balance in the aquifer in the area as it will contribute significant amount of reusable water. Regarding
groundwater quality, the untreated water will not percolate to project influence area so the quality will be
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improved. The treated water will be good for agricultural purposes.
Treated sewage sludge: The STP will produce great quantities of treated class sludge that will be suitable
for agriculture. However, the treated sewage sludge has significant organic matter content and contains
macronutrients and micronutrients essential for plant growth. It can also contain potential contaminants
such as heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogens.
Health and safety: There is the possibility of mosquito/flies breeding in the open ponds and channels of
the STP, which can cause nuisance to the people during the summer months. Also possible accidents,
drawings and injuries for residents and workers can be considered a significant negative impact. On the
other hand, the establishment of a treatment of wastewater will minimize/eliminate the spread of water
related diseases, prevent risks of contamination of the soil and groundwater and contribute in the preservation
of the quality of the environment.
Socio-economic: The construction phase will have positive effects on employment. During the construction
phase, services of local subcontractors will be used which will generate job opportunities for skilled and
unskilled workers in addition to professional services of engineers and others. The construction work will
have positive economic effect through employment generation and use of local contractors for construction
activities. The construction of the project will not involve any land acquisition so any negative impact on local
socio-economic is unlikely.
b. Recommendations
In order to alleviate the expected negative impacts and to make the project environmentally sounder,
an EMP was prepared, and it includes: the mitigation plan; the necessary institutional setup; the
monitoring and enforcement requirements; and the capacity building requirements. All the recommendations/
mitigations mentioned in the study should be financed, and incorporated in the construction and supervision
contracts.
0.15 Public Consultation
Local people are being adequately consulted as part of the project preparation. Focused group discussions as
well as informal discussion with local people as well as project implementation authorities were conducted at
different points of time as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the project. Most of the people
have welcome the project and their views and suggestion are incorporated in the project and EMP.
While in baseline status of social section, it brings out the status of demographic composition of the
population, general land-use feature of the wards and also details of the social survey outcomes at various
consultations held in different wards of the sewerage district.
Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental or social impacts, but will have
temporary impacts on water quality, air quality (impact on health), traffic blockages, safety hazards fo r
pedestrians, possible damage to private property, possible interruption in commercial activity, and accidental
breakage of other public infrastructure such as water pipes.
Social assessment clearly defines that no issue of land acquisition and livelihood loss is foreseen in the project.
Hence, no compensation provision is required. However, if any loss of livelihood would be noticed during
implementation of this project, then the affected party will be compensated according to Environment and
Social Management Framework (ESMF) guidelines set by the NGRBA. Moreover, some inconvenience
caused to the local public has been reported along with the local mitigation plan which they are adopting to
overcome any nuisance in the ongoing JNNURM project. One strong suggestion which was identified from
consultations was execution of construction work within a scheduled time frame with provision of prior notice
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to residents, shop-owners. A public grievance mechanism (as prescribed by ESMF of NGRBA) is to be
followed. There is a clear mention and highlighting if the social development issues and outcomes in this
report. A section chalking out institutional mechanism, capacity building requirements and monitoring and
evaluation mechanism is also present.
Table 0.1: Impact and its mitigation measures:
Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures
Environmental Construction Phase Environmental
sensitive areas There are no environmental
sensitive areas in the proposed
project area. Further the small
residential parks and road side trees
will not be affected, since the
sewers are planned to be laid in the
middle of the road and will not pass
through these areas.
-
Air quality Probable increase in the dust levels
(RSPM and SPM), during the
construction may temporary
deteriorate the air quality, causing
health problems of respiratory
ailments, leading cause for eye, ear,
nose and throat infections and
related discomfort.
Sprinkling of water at regular
intervals to control dust
especially places where soil is
stockpiled and provision of top
cover for vehicles involved in
disposal of the excess soil
material
Noise levels Increased noise levels due to
construction activities like plying
of construction vehicles, pumping
machines, machinery such as
cranes, riveting machines,
hammering etc, may cause general
disturbances to the human
habitations like sleeplessness in
case construction activity is
extended into the night hours.
Providing curtains or sound
barriers (polysheets/ sheets) all
around the construction site. Proper maintenance of
construction equipment and
vehicles
Water resources Contamination of nearby water
bodies via storm drains (during
rainfall) by un-managed
construction related material like
suspended particles, pollutants like
oil, grease, cement etc, There may
also be temporary blockage of
drains due to unmanaged material
and construction debris
Suggestion to ensure proper
handling and disposing off
construction wastes at
identified refusal sites. Proper stock piling of
excavated soil and not in any
storm drains or any other areas
where water would naturally
accumulate causing flooding.
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Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures
Operation Phase Noise and
air quality No air and noise problem from
sewer line as they will be laid
underground. Improper handling
and irregular maintenance of
operating machines at STP may
lead to increased noise and odour
nuisance during operation activity
causing disturbance to surrounding
human habitation
Proper handling and regular
maintenance of operating
machines at STP including
pumps, generators, air
diffusers, etc.
Water
environment Water contamination and
temporary flooding due to
leakages/ overflows from the
sewer lines may cause unhygienic
condition
Regular monitoring of sewer
line and STP. Suggestion to
ensure appropriate repair work
in less time period.
Social
Construction Livelihood No impact, as there will be no
impact on livelihood of any
permanent shop-owners, licensed
kiosks
But suggested if noticed
during construction, then
should be compensated
according to ESMF
Land acquisition No impact, as no fresh land is
required for any construction -
Inconvenience
to public There will be some minor
inconveniences to the public due
to construction like access to their
premises, etc.
Public notice to be circulated,
construction should be
completed in the given time,
debris should be cleared in
time
Health issues-
due to dust,
noise pollution
During construction dust and noise
generated, can cause nuisance to
people especially elderly and
children, but impact is very limited.
Use of acoustics and water
sprinkling
These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans, which have been suggested as
well, along with monitoring and evaluation of future projects. A lump-sum cost of probable environmental
management plans, which were not a part of DPR was estimated to be approximately Rs. 1.94 crore which is
about 0.25% of overall proposed project cost.
However, keeping in view, the temporary disruptions and impacts, it was concluded that the larger
environmental value of the project greatly outweighs them. The project is expected to benefit the Patna City, as
the wastewater that currently flows untreated into the Ganga River will be captured treated and the remainder
of the treated effluent will be allowed to flow into the river.
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0.16 Summary of total project cost :
Project cost for Networking:
Sr. No. Item Cost
(INR
Crores) Remarks
1. Sewerage system complete with
laterals, collectors, interceptor and
trunk sewers. 147.28
Gravity sewers 200 – 1800 mm diameter of
total length 179.74 km
2. Construction of 0 Nos. of New
Pumping Station @ Rs 5.5 Crores per
SPS 0.00
Civil & EM cost for Proposed & Exisitng
SPSs
3. O&M for sewer lines & SPS incl
other infrastruture with capacity
building 22.06 O&M @ 3% pa for 5 years
4. Total House Connections is 46697
nos. @ Rs 3840 per holding 17.93
House Connections is 46697 nos. @ 06
person per holding (for 2017)
5. Relocation of Utilities
05 Water line, electric poles, telephone line etc
6. Cost for Trenchless Technology 17.21 For 5.10 km (cost analysis from INDsTT)
Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 209.48
7. Environmental Mitigation and
Monitoring Cost 1.00 During construction & Operation stage
8. Public Outreach & Communication
Cost incl. GAAP 0.30 During construction & Operation stage
Total 210.78
Adding Establishment and
contingencies charges etc @ 8%#
14.99
Total Cost (Rs. in Crores) 225.77 Say Rs 225.77 Cr.
Project Cost for STP:
Sr.No. Item Cost
(INR
Crores) Remarks
1. Construction of New Sewage
Treatment Plants on SBR technology
(23 MLD for 2032) @ 1.5Cr/ MLD 34.50
At Existing available land (Most feasible &
Techno-economical option)
2. Renovation of Existing functional
units to retain 20 MLD. (20 MLD till
2032) @ 0.70 Cr/ MLD 14.00
At Existing available land (Recommended
till 2032)
4. O&M Cost for STP 13.325 Cost of O&M of 05 years* @ 5% per annum
5. Extra cost for disinfection through
UV (8 modules @ 5.5 MLD/ Module) 1.2 @ 15 lacs/ Per module
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Sr.No. Item Cost
(INR
Crores) Remarks
Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 63.025
7. Environmental Mitigation and
Monitoring Cost (EMM Cost) 0.94 During construction & Operation stage
8. Public Outreach and Communication
Cost inc. GAAP 0.22 During construction & Operation stage
Total 64.185
9. Adding Establishment and
contingencies charges etc @ 8%#
3.97
Total Cost (Rs. in Crores) 68.16 Say Rs 68.16 Cr.
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1.0 Introduction 1.1 Patna the study area
Patna is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar. It is the second largest city in eastern India, after
Kolkata. The Municipal limits of PMC form part of Patna Urban Agglomeration Area (PUAA). The
Patna Municipal Corporation boundaries cover an area of 100 sq km with the present population of
16.83 lacs as per 2011 census, whereas the PUAA covers an area of 146.16 sq km and has a
population of 20.47 lacs. The city is densely of populated and is fast developing as a commercial hub of
Bihar. The city comprises of 72 wards with variant population growth as per amenities & infrastructure
available.
Figure-1: Total Coliform at different monitoring station in Bihar Stretch of River ganga
(source:http://bhenvis.nic.in/water_quality.html)
Geographically the city has a width of 9.5 km. on the western side which gradually reduces to 2.5 km
on eastern side. The city is situated on southern banks of river Ganga and has extended linearly over a
length of 25 km. The western periphery of PUA area is bounded by river Sone whereas on southern
side 20 km away parallel to the city flows Punpun River and join river Ganga. The city forms part of
Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains and has fertile soil. The region is flat permitting wide spread of flood
waters. The soil permits fast percolation of rain water .However, since the ground water table in the
region vary from 2-5 m bgl (below ground level) post monsoon and 5-10 m prior to monsoon, the
absorptions of water in the soil gets reduced in the monsoon period. As per recent survey by World
Bank, Patna is one of the fastest growing city in world in term of Infrastructural development. Some
of the renowned Institutes of India like AIIMS, IIT have been setup to enhance the education system of
the city and thus would attract people of outskirt to sustain good quality life. The fixed load is due to
additional settlements in the city and floating load is due to various people visiting the city due to
business, religious tourism, and other reasons. The already inadequate infrastructure is unable to bear the
pressure of increased institutional and commercial activities.
1.2 Project Settings
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The p r o j e c t title is “Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for
Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under
NGRBA”. This assignment is part of the “Construction of STP and laying of sewer line in different part
of Patna city and financed through a grant from World Bank.
1.3 Associated Implementing Agencies
1.3.1 NGRBA
The Central Government, by a notification dated 20.2.2009, as set up „National Ganga River Basin
Authority‟ (NGRBA)as an empowered planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for
the Ganga river, in exercise of the powers conferred under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986. The
Prime Minister is ex-officio Chairperson of the Authority, and it has as its members, the Union
Ministers Concerned and the Chief Ministers of states through which Ganga flows, viz., Uttarakhand,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, among others. The objective of the Authority is to
ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic
approach with the river basin as the unit of planning. The functions of the Authority include all
measures necessary for planning and execution of programmes for abatement of pollution in the Ganga
in keeping with sustainable development needs.
1.3.2 State Level Authority
The Government of Bihar (GOB) through its Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD)
has been implementing both these program in the state. In Bihar State, Patna & Bodh- Gaya cities
had been identified as mission cities under JNNURM. Apart from these two mission cities, other
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar had been selected for providing Infrastructure facilities under
UIDSSMT Programme.
1.3.3 Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd
BUIDCo is a Flagship company to implement and accelerate urban infrastructure projects in the
State of Bihar. These projects include basic infrastructure amenities such as Solid Waste
Management, Water Supply, Drainage Network and Sewerage & Sewage Treatment. Also, projects of
urban beautification like River Front Development, Amusement Parks, Commercial works, Hotels etc. are
also being developed by the BUIDCo.
The preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan of Sewerage Scheme and Preparation of Detailed
Project Report (DPR) is now taken over by the BUIDCo from PMC.
1.3.4 Bihar Urban Development Agency
BUDA, working under Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD), is engaged in
systematic planning, infrastructure development, and creation of civic amenities in urban and semi-
urban areas in the State of Bihar. BUDA has also been designated as the State Level Nodal Agency
(SLNA) for implementation of JNNRUM & UIDSSMT program to work as a facilitator in effective
implementation of the projects in the identified ULBs. These program are to be implemented through
ULBs.
1.4 Scope of EIA
The present report is the Environmental Impact Assessment Report and includes major results, conclusions
and recommendations of the study‟s fourth task. The scope of the EIA will describe various
components of the environment of the area(s) to be affected or created by the alternatives under
consideration. Data and analyses in the EIA will be commensurate with significance of the impact. The
EIA will include discussions of direct effects and their significance; indirect effects and their
significance; possible conflicts between the proposed action and land use plans, polices and controls for
the areas concerned, and conservation potential of alternatives and mitigation measures. At the same
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time, the EIA will include urban quality; historic and cultural resources and the design of the built
environment, including the reuse and conservation potential of various alternatives and mitigation
measures; and means to mitigate adverse environmental impacts. For each significant adverse impact, the
section will identify proposed mitigation measure(s). The earlier study done of similar nature has been
reviewed, and taking into account latest official statistics for population number and growth rates.
The proposed sewerage project will be implemented under NGRBA and for that assistance has been
sought from World Bank. According to screening study and as per NGRBA‟s framework the project falls
under low impact category and hence Environmental clearance and EIA study is required. But keeping
in view of volume of work and also as per World Bank‟s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment
Assessment) an Environmental Assessment warned as the proposed development work envisages to
have some impact (adverse or positive) to surrounding environment.
1.5 Need for Environmental Impact Assessment Modern economic development strategies and programmes based on the use of natural resources and
technology. Frequently, such activities involve purposeful changes and heavy burden on inherently
complex environmental ecosystems. The changes, which consequently occur over time and space, are
for the most part poorly understood and may often be unforeseen. During recent decades, public
knowledge and concerns about the economy and the environment have changed significantly. It is now
widely recognized that economic systems are inextricably linked to the environment and that human
health and well-being depend on a healthy environment. EIA plays a central role in acquiring information
on the social and environmental implications including water resources implications of development
programmes and projects, identifying the measures necessary to protect the resource and related
ecosystems and then ensuring that such measures are implemented. EIAs are concerned not only with
impacts on the natural environment but also with effects on the social environment. Hence, the EIA
touches the heart of the need for cross-sectoral integration involving project developers, water managers,
decision-makers and the public, and provides a mechanism or tool to achieve the sustainable
development aspect.
1.6 Purpose and Objectives This study is an assessment of the environmental impacts and benefits of the Sewerage & Sanitation
Project and its ecological effects on the existing and the planned situation. The EIA study will be
conducted in order to:
a. Ensure that the project will not have irreversible negative impacts on the environment including:
water, soil, air, ecology and socio-economic aspect,
b. Identify both positive and negative impacts,
c. Develop actions and measures to mitigate negative impacts,
d. Make sure that all stakeholders concerned are aware of the project and their views and comments
are taken into consideration to the maximum possible extent.
The study should be considered as an aid to improve the decision making process as it seeks public
opinion and external knowledge in order to ensure a maximum degree of fairness and balance in the
final decision.
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1.7 Structure of the Report
This report deals with the Environment Assessment with Management Plan for the Sewerage works for Beur
Zone, Patna. It rolls out the baseline status of the existing sewage situation and analyzes the situation if the
proposed project is implemented, with its possible implications and to negate those implications management
plan is advised which is as per the Environment and Social Management Framework. The present EIA report
has been arranged in following chapters:
0.0 Executive Summary This chapter describes summary of the project, Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need of EIA study 1.0 Introduction This chapter describes briefly describes the project, Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need of EIA Study 2.0 Project Description:
Project description is discussed pertaining to the proposed sewerage project Beur Zone of Patna. This chapter provides insight into the various component of the proposed project and briefly discusses about the
previous projects attempted for River Ganga in Patna. 3.0 Approach and Methodology:
This chapter describes summary of the project method and its procedure of writing. 4.0 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
This Chapter captures the policy and legal framework of government of India as well the policies of World
Bank that are applicable to the project. 5.0 Description of Environment Description of the baseline environmental condition including the baseline conditions of river water
quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, air, noise and soil quality are briefly described in this chapter. 6.0 Analysis of Alternative This chapter describes the alternatives considered in the project towards improving the project.
7.0 Environment Impacts This chapter provides details of the potential impacts from the project on various environmental factors and
mitigation measures proposed for the construction and operation stage 8.0 Environmental Management Plan
This chapter envisages the requirement of Environmental Management Plan including the
monitoring and supervision framework for the implementation of EMP along with the budget for
implementing EMP 9.0 Conclusion and Recommendation This chapter provides the conclusion about the implementation of the project and provides necessary
recommendations
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2. Description of the Project and its Alternatives
2.0 About the City
Patna city lies on the 25°20‟ North latitude and 85° 03‟ East longitude. Patna is the capital of the Indian
state of Bihar and the second largest city in Eastern India (in terms of population). Patna is one of the
oldest inhabitated & civilized places in the world. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of
the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and Suri dynasties. Patna
is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its
confluence of rivers. The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak,
Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. Patna is approximately 25 km
long and 9 km to 10 km wide. The city has grown up gradually from the ancient age with the name
„Pataliputra‟. It is located between the river Ganges in the North, the river „Pun Pun‟ in the South and the
river „Sone‟ in the west. The geographical location of the Patna Urban Area is on the southern bank of
River Ganges between latitudes 25°30‟N & 25°40‟N and longitudes 85°0‟E &85°-15‟E. It is the 14th
most populous agglomeration in India and 168th in the world with a population of approximately 1.8
million. It is the second largest city in eastern India, after Kolkata. Today, all major industries have a
base in Patna reflecting the growing importance of the city. There has been significant enhancement in
GDP of Bihar in the last decade. The growth of economy, urbanization & population trends are indicators
that city shall continue to develop rapidly in next two-three decades. It is also fast emerging as a hub of
higher education with institutes of national repute being started in Patna. The modern city of Patna is
situated on the southern bank of the Ganga. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun.
The city is approximately 25 km long and 9 km to 10 km wide.
Figure 2-1: Clockwise from top: Budha Memorial Park, Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Patna Museum,
and Martyr’s Memorial Patna
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2.1 Existing Sewerage System
The sewerage system in project city patina was first introduced in 1936-39. The existing system has
been augmented several times. This augmentation include network of Beur of about 8 km main
sewer lines against 179.74 km proposed network. But, the existing system is too old to sustain even
present population load. The gap of network forces public for disposing their waste water into open
nallas through which it reaches to River Ganga through different outfalls/ nalah like Mandiri ,
Kurjee etc. The sewer lines are also very old and most of them due to siltation & encroachment are
under utilization. Most of the sewer lines are encroached/ broken at various places and thus not
recommended to retain/ rehabilitate into proposed network. There are some pumping stations already
exist in the Beur Zone which lifts waste water either from open nalla or sewer lines and through
rising main dispose into either into major nallas or STP. The city has four sewage treatment plants located at Saidpur (45 MLD), Beur (35 MLD), Beur (25
MLD) and Karmali Chak (4 MLD) although the quantum of sewage reaching the plants is lower than
installed capacity. It can be clearly concluded that the majority of the city is uncovered by sewer
network. Inhabitants living in area without sewer network have to rely on either decentralised collection
system in form of inhouse septic tanks or on unhygienic open defecation practice. Figure below
depicts the existing sewerage network (Shown by yellow lines on the map):
Figure 2.1: Existing sewerage and drainage network in the city
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Out of the five sewerage zones depicted above, four have STPs in them whereas sewage collected
from Digha zone finds its way to the Beur STP.
Coverage Area of various zones is as tabulated below
Zone Digha Zone Beur Zone Saidpur Zone Beur Karmali Chak Zone
Area, km2 26.49 19.91 27.38 21.62 7.53
Although sewerage systems were first started in Patna city during the year 1936-39 but its penetration at
present still lags behind other Indian cities of comparable population and growth rates. The installed
capacities of Sewage treatment plants is 109 MLD, but are receiving approximately 61 MLD of sewage, as
the existing scheme requires renovation/ maintenance to run the STPs at their installed capacity. A ward
wise summary of all the zones as per existing sewerage plan of PMC is tabulated below:
2.2 Detail of Sewerage generation in PMC
Table-2.1 Details of Sewerage Generation in Patna City
S.No STP Location Capacity (MLD)
Year of Commissioning
Operational Status
1 Saidpur 45 1936 (2MLD), 1957 (2.55 MLD), 1964 (11.82), 1971 (11.82), 1999 (16.8)
Does not operate continuous due to power problem
2 Beur 35 1970 (15 MLD), 1988 (5MLD), 1993 (15
MLD)
Does not operate continuous due to power problem
3 Beur 25 1994 Does not operate continuous due to power problem
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4 Karmali Chak 4 Does not operate continuous due to power problem
Details of sewerage generation in Patna Municipal Corporatio (PMC)
Table- 2.2 Ward wise coverage of Beur Zone
Zone Area (Sq.Km) Ward Covered Existing capacity of
STP, MLD
Digha 26.49 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,20 ----
Beur 19.51 10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17,18,19,29,30,31, 32,&33
35
Saidpur 27.38 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,36,37,38,39,40, 41, 42,43,47,48, 49,50,51,52,53 & 54
45
Beur 21.62 34,35,44,45,46,53,55,6,57,58,59,60,61,6 3, 64 & 65
25
Karmalichak 7.53 62,63,66,67,69,70,68, 71 & 72 4 2.3 Terrain Analysis
Topography, terrain and geographical boundaries of PMC were studied to evaluate feasible options for
catchment boundaries & disposal channel route. Some of the salient aspects of terrain analysis are as
under:
a. Beur zone is situated west of patna son canal and south of Howrah-Delhi railway line, with River
Sone in the West and River Punpun in the South.
b. The zone have mild slope from North to South. Whereas, the HFL of river Ganga is 51.3 m
[169‟ (51.51m) – 1975/1984 floods].
c. Zone is bifurcated from other part of Patna city by Delhi-Howrah railway line on north, NH-
83/ Patna Gaya railway line in east. It has the PMC boundary on eastern and southern side.
Badshahinalla which is a prominent nalla flows in south of the zone and carries sewage load of
Beur after treatment from STP.
2.4 Project influence area Beur Zone:
Patna city covering an area of 100 sq.km is subdivided into 5 district zones ( Digha, Beur, Saidpur, Beur,
Karmali chak ). The old Beur Zone of Patna as per the existing sewerage scheme is now divided in
two zones namely Zone -II & IV. This zone have a STP within its boundary at Beur STP (35 MLD plant)
site. As per new designation of Zones, zone –II covers mostly the same area as Beur zone except some
part falls in Zone -IV. The terrain profile of the zone results in an economical sectioned sewer system
with flow directed in western direction. This zone forms the west-southern part of city. The west side of
this zone is bound by Patna son canal, Rupaspur, Dhonaut, Jalapur, Khanpura and Phulwari Sharif and
on south it is bounded by Badshahi Nalla & PMC boundary.
2.5 General Overview of Beur Zone
The old Beur Zone of Patna as per the existing sewerage scheme is now divided in two zones namely Zone
-II & IV. This zone have a STP within its boundary at Beur STP (35 MLD plant) site. As per new
designation of Zones, zone –II covers mostly the same area as Beur zone except some part falls in Zone -
IV.
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The terrain profile of the zone results in an economical sectioned sewer system with flow directed in
western direction. This zone forms the west-southern part of city. The west side of this zone is bound by
Patnason canal, Rupaspur, Dhonaut, Jalapur, Khanpura and Phulwari Sharif and on south it is
bounded by Badshahi Nalla & PMC boundary. The south side area of this catchment includes
Ranipur, Alba Colony etc and on east side it has the area named Ajanpur Colony, Dasratha, IOCL
plant etc & Patna-Gaya railway line is forming the eastern boundary. The north part is bounded by
Delhi-Howrah railway line. Area of zone-II is about 11.50 sq. km. (i.e. 11.50% of project area).
At present Beur zone has an existing ASP based STP capacity of 35 MLD which is catering a load of 16
MLD with primary level of treatment. The ultimate population for Zone-II is projected as 2.80 lacs,
3.94 lacs & 5.82 lacs for 2017, 2032 & 2047. On the basis of population projections the
immediate (year 2017), intermediate (year 2032) and ultimate (year 2047) sewage generation from
this zone is calculated at, 33.62 MLD, 47.29 MLD and 69.81 MLD respectively. 2.6 Existing STPs Scenario
First STP commissioned in this zone was in 1970 with 15 MLD which was augmented in 1988 with 5
MLD add-on. Further in 1993 with increase in population load, Buer STP was again augmented
with a capacity of 15 MLD. This cumulative total capacity of Beur STP is thus 35 MLD. Out of 35
MLD, only 15 MLD is ASP based and rest 20 MLD is with only Primary treatment.
But, these treatment facilities are not fully operational as they are treating only 16 MLD of sewage as
against designed capacity of around 35 MLD. Some of the reasons for lesser inflow are improper
maintenance of the sewer network due to siltation, dumping of refuse, debris, damaged pipes &
manholes etc; besides for want of repair & maintenance of STPs. Further the existing STPs serves
very few households which have central sewerage system facilities available. The sewer network are
essentially the sanitary sewers and do not carry sullage (waste water) in the sewage system. These
facts indicate that besides the complete sullage, the existing drains are carrying bulk of sewage
discharge also.
With the present population of 2.36 lacs which generates sewage discharge of 28.41 MLD, open
drains are acting as sewers during the dry weather flow. Whereas, in the monsoon, the same
infrastructure is serving the dual purpose i.e. as sewers and drains. Thus making the situation worst for
the local public. It is noteworthy that at most of the places/ localities, all households are discharging their
sewage/ sullage through open drains into the nallas. The situation is further aggravated as all the solid
waste is also being disposed off into these public drains. Due to the encroachment and dumping of
solid waste causes silt deposition, the solid waste does not only obstruct the flow but due to the
putricible organic matter present in sewage/ waste (which is biodegradable), causes septic condition
resulting in foul odour and fly nuisance making the surrounding highly unhygienic. In addition to the
same, the solid waste settles into the drains causing siltation which further have reduced the carrying
capacity of drains. Water logging in open/ low lying area is a common phenomenon in the city.
This zone forms the Southern and central part of the PMC area and the lower portion of this zone are
bound by Punpun River. Beur Zone comprises of ward numbers 10, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,
29,30,31,32 and 33 covering a total of 19.51 sq.km. area (i.e., around 20% of the project area). The
sewage generated in this zone is routed to 35 MLD STP located in ward 11 and is finally disposed to
river Punpun after treatment. STP is receiving power supply through only one electricity phase.
The pipe diameters in this zone vary from 150mm to 1200 mm RCC pipes. Sewage collected within the
zone is pumped through Sewage Pumping Stations located at a number of locations, the details of the
same is presented below:
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2.7 Details of sewage Pumping station in Beur Zone
Table 4.3 Details of Sewerage Pumping Station in Beur Zone
S No Pumping Station Location Rising Main Pipe Diameter
(mm) Length (M)
1 Kurjee 400 (C.I) 410
2 Rajapur 350 (C.I) 25
3 Mandiri 400 (C.I) 425
4 Dhobi Ghat 700 (C.I) 425
5 Shastri Nagar 350 (C.I) 25
6 Riding Road 100 (C.I) 45
7 Babu Bazar 600 (R.C.C) 523
8 P.Point 800 (C.I) 834
Table 4.4 Details of flow reaching from different outfall/drains to Beur STP
S. No Outfall/Drain Expected Discharge (MLD)
1 Mandiri outfall 8.00
2 Rajapur outfall 11.00
3. Kurjee outfall 4.00
4. Patel Nagar outfall 3.00
5. Mithapur Pumping Station 8.00
6 Babu Bazar 1.00
To treat this additional wastewater reaching the Beur STP, the treatment capacity of the STP was
enhanced to 20 MLD by increasing the weir length of PST & & SST and a new STP with capacity of 15
MLD with primary treatment only was constructed under GAP (Phase I). Thus the final designed capacity
of Beur STP after renovation and augmentation work is 35 MLD, out of this, 15 MLD capacities is
only for Primary treatment and 20 MLD can be treated through Activated Sludge Process.
The combined effluent from old and new STP of Beur is brought under gravity to effluent lifting
station which has been constructed at distance of about 900 m from Beur STP. The actual flow to the point
is about 15-18 MLD and it remains underutilized due to unconnected/unlaid sewer network. Existing sewer
lines at various places are silted & choked due to lack of proper maintenance Nine submersible pumps in
the plant require maintenance. Besides this few intermediate pumping stations require maintenance work
and an aeration chamber and a secondary settling tank is also proposed for construction. The wastewater
collection system through intermediate pumping is not properly managed and as a result the sufficient
volume of wastewater is not reaching the STP. There are two digesters in this plant. The digesters are in
operation, but gas produced in them is not utilized for power generation but flared up. The treated
sewage from this plant is disposed through 1500 m long effluent channel starting from effluent lifting
station situated at Beur village and meeting Badshahi drain. The treated sewage is utilized for irrigation
otherwise reaching to river Punpun after covering a distance of 15 k.m. The capacity of sludge drying beds
is inadequate and should be enhanced. The plant is not working continuously due frequent power failure. 2.8 Proposed work/Improvement and activities
Construction of sewers and its appurtenances, sewage pumping stations and sewage treatment plant shall
be carried out using mechanized construction tools and equipments to achieve maximum output. Use of
prefabricated material is encouraged to improve quality of works, simultaneously improving efficiency of
construction schedule.
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Trenches shall be excavated to the specified depth below the barrel of the pipe. The excavation of
trenches for pipelines shall be done mechanically using appropriate equipments. The proposed excavation
at any one time shall be limited to such lengths, which does not cause inconvenience to surrounding
inhabitants and road traffic.
The entire proposed work/improvement and activities can be broadly divided into three sub heading
i.e laying of sewer pipeline including construction of manhole, construction of sewage pumping
station and construction of STP. 2.9 Laying of sewer pipeline 2.9.1 Pipe Material
Sewer pipes are made from concrete, reinforced concrete, vitrified clay, asbestos cement, brick
masonry, cast iron, ductile iron, steel and plastic. Though the design of sewer network is done
considering RCC pipes (n=0.011) as for HDPE/ DWC, there was no detail available in the manual of
CPHEEO (second edition for sewerage & sewage treatment plants). Further, the Final Draft Manual
(CPHEEO, third edition) includes HDPE with some advantages over RCC pipes for sewer network.
However, HDPE pipes have so many advantages, it lacks somewhere, and where RCC pipes proves
better.
Though the cost estimation & design has been formulated with consideration of RCC pipes, it is a
considered opinion of the consultant that considering the various as described in section above. It is
considered to use RCC pipes of various grades (like NP2 and NP3) in design of sewerage network at
design stage.
Economically, RCC pipes are cheaper as compared to DI/CI/HDPE pipes for any considered diameter
and are also readily available in the market. For pumping mains, it is considered to use DI pipes for
their excellent strength and long useful life, though cost wise DI pipe is marginally (about 2 to 4%)
costlier over CI pipe. RCC-NP4 pipes are proposed where railway /road crossing are to be carried out
as per the guidelines of railway board.
Further, after detailed comparison of different types of pipe materials available, consultant request the
client BUIDCO to suggest for HDPE pipes so as to make Patna Sewerage Scheme (network) for long
lasting). After the approval of HDPE pipe, at final DPR with some hydraulic design modification
(this will enhance the velocity & quality of flow) 2.9.2 Recommendation on DWC pipe
It is the considered opinion of the consultant to utilize DWC pipes upto 1000 mm dia so as to
provide ease in execution work. Also after detailed market analysis, consultant has found that there are
05 manufactures of DWC pipes in india out of which one is in Kolkata (near to Patna @500km). With
great efficiency and major advantages, consultant would leave the selection of pipe choice to
BUIDCO. The overall cost of sewer network will be on lower side by using DWC pipes.
Both RCC & HDPE pipes are proposed for this particular Zone so as to expedite the work and also ease
in construction. HDPE pipes are used mostly upto the dia of 250 mm and that too is proposed for 25%
of total length. Other design/ larger dia and rest 70% (200 to 250mm) are proposed with RCC pipe
(NP2/NP3).
2.9.3 Sewage Pumping Stations:
Initially it was proposed by the consultant to have one SPS for this zone near to Pakri area (south of
Bye-Pass road). But due to the issues related to the procurement of private land, BUIDCo has
advised to reduce the number of proposed SPSs location in each zone. With the suggestions and
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detailed discussions held during Revised FR & DPR stage, the proposal of SPS in this zone has been
omitted with modification in design, so there is no proposed SPS for this Zone. 2.9.4 Some important factors which shall be considered while excavation:
Trenches shall be excavated only as far in advance of the pipe laying operation as safety, traffic, and
weather conditions permit. Caution shall be exercised with respect to structures, piping, or other
man-made obstacles that may exist within the working area and due consideration given to the
protection and support of such properties and structures.
Trenches shall be excavated to the section & dimensions as shown on the civil drawing (by civil &
construction company). Trenches stability safety procedures shall confirm to work safe regulation.
In road right-of-way, the trenches width shall be kept to minimum and the trench width be such that at
least one-way traffic can be maintained at all the times unless otherwise approved by Concerned
Engineer.
To prevent damage to existing utilities, excavate the last 300 mm above the utility by hand. If, in the
opinion of Engineer, trench width exceeds the maximum allowable for pipe support, the contractor,
may be required to provide a higher class of bedding, a pipe with a higher strength class or concrete
encasement at no extra cost to the owner.
Excavation for manholes shall be to dimensions which will permit assembly of the sections in
accordance with these specifications, except that concrete for manhole may be cast against the wall of
the excavation, if the soil conditions are suitable. Excavate trenches only as far in advance of pipe laying operation as safety, traffic and weather
condition permit. In no case shall open trenches exceeds 30 m. All excavations left unattended shall be
adequately protected with approved fencing and barricades and with flashing lights where required. 2.9.5 Placing and Compaction of Fill and Backfill
Handling, placing, spreading, compacting, wetting, trimming and quality control of fill material for
compacted fill shall be as shown on the drawings or in accordance with the specifications. Fill shall be
spread by manual / machine in successive horizontal layers of not more than 150 mm loose depth.
Longitudinal or transverse joints in any two successive layers shall be staggered by a minimum
distance of 3 m. Backfilling shall be done after successful hydro testing.
Samples of all materials for testing, both before and after placement and compaction, shall be taken
at frequent intervals. From these tests, corrections, adjustments, modifications of methods, materials
and moisture content shall be made. Compaction operations shall be continued until the embankment is
compacted to not less than 95% of the standard maximum dry density, at optimum moisture
content as determined by the compaction control tests as per relevant code of practice. Compact of
fill shall be done by using approved compacting equipments like pneumatic rubber tyred rollers,
tamping rollers and other approved compacting equipment.
Where excavations have been supported and the supports are to be removed, these, where
practicable, shall be withdrawn progressively as backfilling proceeds in such a matter as to minimize
the danger of collapse, and all voids formed behind the supports shall be carefully filled and compacted.
Only if this is not possible the supports shall be cut off and left in the ground. Backfilling of soil shall
be done in layers (150mm) as accorded in CPHEEO manual. After achieving the requisite compaction
only then the next layer shall be backfilled. The ground shall be restored to its original condition.
The backfilling shall be carried out and verified by the Engineers. Further all testing shall be completed
before commencement of backfilling.
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2.9.6 Disposal of Surplus Material
The surplus excavated material shall be disposed off at locations proposed on drawings (at
Construction stage), in an environmental friendly manner. Storing excavated material ,
whether temporarily or permanently, shall be subject to prior approval. Where required, drains shall be
constructed to prevent the undesirable accumulation of water in or around spoil dumps.
Surplus excavated material which is not required for the works, as shown on the drawings or specified
elsewhere herein shall be disposed of at sites obtained by the Contractor. Waste material shall not be
dumped on private property without the written permission of the owner of the property and a fill
permit obtained from the City of Patna. The Contractor shall exercise particular care to avoid
spillage on paved roadways over which excavated material is hauled, and any such spillage shall be
cleaned up promptly by sweeping. Care shall also be exercised to avoid spreading the excavated
material over a wide area and rutting or otherwise damaging unnecessarily adjacent property when side
casting of excavated material is permitted. 2.9.7 Dewatering of Excess Water
During construction, ground and surface water shall be controlled to the extent that excavation and
pipe installation can proceed in the specified manner and such that the trench bottom is not disturbed to
the detriment of the pipe installation. Trench water shall not be permitted to enter the pipe being
installed unless approval is received from the Engineer.
Pumps, well points, or other equipment shall be employed to keep excavations free of water. Caution
shall be exercised to make sure that foundation problems with existing structures and works under
construction do not result from the selected method of dewatering excavations.
Discharge from pumps, well points, or other dewatering equipment shall be located and controlled
such that loss, damage, nuisance, or injury does not result.
The contractor shall be responsible for any claims or actions resulting from the dewatering operation.
2.9.8 Shoring during laying of sewer Pipes The total length of sewer line to be laid in the city is 1350 km and the depth of sewers varies from
1m to 6m in general. It is implied that such extensive sewer networks would necessitate extensive
excavations and restoration of the excavated works, besides restoration of roads. The sewer laying is
slow, time consuming process, wherein the degree of difficulty increases with the larger depths. In
Patna the problem gets further compounded due to high water table and narrow lanes. In general a
trench depth upto 1.5m can be excavated without provision of shoring. However, for depth greater
than 1.5m, the trench walls are to be secured with timber shoring to prevent collapsing of side walls.
Incidentally the Bihar Schedule of Rates only provision for timber shoring and thus in the detailed
estimation and costing, consultant has considered the timber shoring.
However, it is noteworthy that the timber shoring work is highly labour intensive, time consuming
and do not fully withstand the high soil pressures, besides the load of moving traffic in the adjoining
roads and shoring bulges or creates a constant risk for working crew. While with comparison to
conventional shoring mechanism used widely in Indian scenario, consultant has opted this
mechanical shoring after considerations and its requirements, such as:
• It will protect collapsing of earth while excavation.
• It will provide safeguard to the workers
• It will factor water table and hence work will not get laid back.
• It will smoothen the work and thus fasten excavation speed.
• Since, it doesn't require step cutting, it will save excavation amount & time.
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• It generally requires less area to excavate and thus would provide relief to local while in
construction stage too.
In fact, the activity of shoring activity becomes most limiting and critical activity which governs the
speed of execution of work. Therefore, for larger projects, the Mechanical shoring has swiftly replaced
the conventional shoring. Mechanical shoring is further more durable, is safer to use and gives larger
numbers of repeated use.
The consultant has carried out the cost analysis and comparisons of timber shoring & steel shoring
system, For a 30 m length, trench width 1.5m and depth of 2.4m, 4.8m and 7.2m considering 04
numbers for timber shoring; 50 numbers for steel shoring & 350 number (manufacturer states that
the system can effectively used for 400 repetitions) for Mechanical shoring (SBH) of repetitions
respectively.
2.9.9 Trenchless Technology
Trenchless technology, as the name implies, stands for subsurface construction works where fewer
trenches or no continuous trenches are required to be dug. Trenchless construction refers to such
construction methods as tunnelling, micro-tunnelling (MTM), horizontal directional drilling (HDD)
also known as directional boring, pipe ramming (PR), pipe Jacking (PJ), horizontal auger boring
(HAB) and other methods for the installation of pipelines and cables below the ground with minimal
excavation.
The most important advantages of trenchless technology can be summarized as follows:
• Road damage is minimized,
• Fast laying as no reinstatement of the surface is necessary
• No impact on residents and traffic in construction area
• No harmful impact on Environment or if have, very little
• No disruption of highway traffic thanks to little or no excavation
• No construction noise because these are no construction vehicles and construction activities
as known with conventional open trench pipe-laying.
• Trenchless technology now encompasses a wide range of techniques which can be
distinguished by the equipment or by the method used. Different trenchless technique like Pipe pushing/ pipe jacking & guided Augur Boring are
recommended by consultant for application of trenchless as this method is widely been used in
Indian scenario & considering the techno-economics fir other types, it suits Patna site condition.
2.10 Property/ House Connections
While the Sewerage system has been designed as a comprehensive network, the system will become
operational only after making the House Connections to the main sewer. The House Connection has
large social ramification as public in general is to be motivated to dispense the septic tanks and join
their House Connection to the sewer lines. There may be resentment in public due to financial
burden on consumers. Conceptually, a collection pit shall be constructed ahead of building lines and
before the main road to which adjoining houses will connect their sewers. Joining of sewer lines
beyond the property line upto the collection pit shall be the responsibility of property owner. However,
the construction of collection pit and its further joining with the main sewer has been factored into
this project, and cost accordingly included in the project.
The construction/ execution of project is planned to be completed by 2017 including STPs & sewer
network for Package -1 (Beur). House connections for whole project are considered to be executed
by or before 2019 end in phase wise manner.
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2.11 Process Design Criteria and Considerations
As water resources in project city is good , the main disposal for the final effluent of treated
wastewater is of reuse for irrigation of agricultural land. Treated effluent will thus be discharged
through an effluent pipeline to Punpun Rive through approx 15 km long Badshahi Nallah. Based on
initial design report and according to Clients‟ and counterparts‟ decision, the treated effluent
requirements are based on required effluent quality for infiltration and irrigation. In principle the
treated sewage is utilized for irrigation otherwise reaching to river Punpun after covering a distance of
15 k.m. 2.12 Sludge Design Criteria
Any sewage treatment plant will produce sludge as a by-product. The quantity and characteristics
vary as a function of the selected sewage treatment process and the sludge treatment applied. The
sludge treatment is selected on one side depending on the wastewater process and on the other side as
a function of the method of final disposal of the sludge. This final disposal and the management of
the sludge is therefore an important factor for the selection and the design of the sludge process.
Generally, there are today three main options for sludge disposal:
a. Reuse in agriculture as organic fertilizer,
b. Incineration, and,
c. Disposal at nearest land fill.
In this case the agricultural reuse option has been selected as the most appropriate solution:
• Sewage treatment sludge is an excellent soil improver, due to its content of phosphorus and
nitrogen and, in particular, due to the amendment of organic matter. It is a long-term
environmentally sustainable solution for recycling of organic matter to the nature,
• Due to absence of connected polluting industries in the project area, the heavy metals levels
are expected to be well under the acceptable limits,
• Agricultural land is available in the project area for sludge spreading.
A storage area must in most cases be implemented, since sludge application is possible only during
certain periods of the year. The sludge should be well stabilized prior to reuse to minimize any health
risk and assure farmer‟s acceptability for sludge reuse. Sludge shall also have reasonable dry solids
content so that the cost for transportation to the fields is limited.
2.13 Construction of STP and Wastewater Treatment Processes According to the Initial Detailed Design Study, the advantages and disadvantages of the suitable
treatment processes are listed hereafter in table 4.5, allowing a comparison between them. A number
of the described processes have been eliminated already at the stage of detailed design since they
cannot meet the effluent requirements and only the remaining processes are compared.
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Table 4.5 Different treatment technology analysis
SL Treatment
Process Advantage Disadvantages
1 SBR The process is reliable under Condition that the plant is
properly operated and
maintained. Low footprint of the
structures.
Additional tertiary treatment required to meet effluent quality requirements. The batch mode operation can provide
problems when there are changes in
pollutants or hydraulic load Over-
dimensioning o f aeration system
required. Delicate process set-up and operation Due
to the mechanical and electric
equipment in the plant and to the
intensive treatment process, highly
qualified staff is required for the
operation.
2 Activated Sludge
Proven and reliable process Stable performances at variations
in hydraulic load. Moderate cost
for the base process
Additional tertiary treatment required to meet effluent quality requirements.
Relatively high land requirements Long
start-up of the biological process
3 Bio-aerated filters
Compact process, easy to cover. Low footprint of the structures
Modular design makes easy to
adapt the process to incoming
loads and flows.
Quick restarting, therefore
suitable to seasonal variation in
load. Modular construction and
easy automation.
Additional tertiary treatment required to meet treatment requirements.
High sludge production. High investment costs than for activated
sludge (~30%). Need for primary sedimentation. Sludge
production more important and more
difficult to treat.
4 Membrane bioreactors
Very high treatment performances, also on fecal coli
form. No tertiary treatment required.
Low sludge production. Compact
process, easy to cover. Modular
construction and easy
automation.
Uncertainty regarding real membrane life length and related replacement cost.
High energy demand (40 % higher than
activated sludge). Need for regular membrane supply for
replacement. Higher investment costs (50% higher activated sludge).
High O&M costs
The existing capacity of Beur STP is 35 MLD which is proposed to be augmented for 70 MLD
(Ultimate). The existing land parcel is so planned to be utilized that the load of Zone -II would be
cater by Beur STP only.
Design of sewerage system and proposed STPs are planned for design period of 30 years.
Considering the design and construction period of 24 months, the ultimate year for commissioning of
sewerage system / STP is therefore taken as year 2014-16. Correspondingly the intermediate
phase as year 2032 and ultimate phase as year 2047 have been considered. The sewerage system
would be planned and designed for flows generated up to year 2047 (ultimate phase) and STPs
would be designed in two phases.
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Intermediate phase: Design of STPs for flows up to year 2032.
Ultimate phase: Module design for flows beyond year 2032 and up to year 2047.
Various treatment technologies were evaluated considering the ground realities i.e., acute shortage of
open available land, land requirement for various technologies options. After the detailed optional
analysis, it was concluded that SBR is most suitable for Beur and thus was adopted/ recommended
by the competent authority. Hence, this aspect is not being deliberated here in this report.
UV Based Disinfection treatment system was also proposed instead of conventional chlorination as
of obvious advantages. The chlorination with past history and based on research analysis are
carcinogenic in nature and thus with perspective of abatement in pollution load from rivers, UV
based technology would be preferable. The SBR based STPs with provision of disinfection through
UV are recommended by the consultant considering following major advantages:
• Low land requirement (0.05 Ha/ MLD as per siting guideline for STPs, issued by GoB for
SBR based technology).
• Effluent characteristics are far better and thus no requirement of tertiary treatment. The
treated effluent meets all stipulated guidelines such as of NGRBA and CPCB.
• Efficient in removal of nitrogen & phosphorus concurrent with BOD Improve DO of waste
water
• Absence of odour & corrosive gases
• Efficient in removal of Faecal Coliform
• Capable to manage and treat loading conditions; such as normal, diurnal, dilute monsoon and
shock loads
• Lesser manpower due to automatic control and easy to operate
• Can be expanded as a modular system
• Low life cycle cost, various municipal corporations in India has adopted this technology and
thus have proven track record.
2.14 Proposed Treatment Technology (Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) It is also a technology for the treatment of domestic & industrial waste water. The SBR process
treats waste water in batches rather than continuous flow and has anoxic zone. It tolerates variable
hydraulic loads, variable organic loads, it controls filamentous growth and provides ideal condition
for settling. This process involves filling, sedimentation, aeration and decantation of treated effluent.
All operations carried out in a single reactor. The process is automatic & fully computerized. The
treated effluent is corresponding to tertiary treated standards, the effluent BOD & SS are less than 10
mg/l. The treated effluent can well used for agriculture, horticulture & in industrial applications. The
treated effluent has an added merit of giving sparklingly clean water which does not promote growth of
algae when discharged in water bodies because it is free from Nitrogen & Phosphorus. Land
requirement is 85% of MBBR system & 25% of ASP technology.
The Detailed comparison of the all available treatment technologies are incorporated in table (Revised
FR) to give the proper idea for selecting the most techno-economically viable STP technology. From
the comparison, Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Process is ranked as the most suitable option
considering cost of land, capital investment and annualized O&M for 05 years.
SBR gives the best effluent characteristics of BOD and SS less than 10 mg/l; also considering the
land requirement and effluent standards recommended by NGBRA, consultant propose SBR
technology for the treatment at the proposed STP. The total land required as per guideline issued by
GoB "Siting Guidelines for STPs" for Beur STP is 3.50 Ha against which 4.0 Ha is available. Thus
planning STP with SBR is finally recommended on the basis of certain constraints discussed at
length in Feasibity Report.
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The construction/ execution of project is planned to be completed by 2017 including STPs & sewer
network for Package -1 (Beur). House connections for whole project is considered to be executed by or
before 2019 end in phase wise manner as discussed below: STP has been proposed to be constructed in
24 months.
As clearly indicated from above techno-economical comparisons, consultant is likely to recommend
SBR based STP technology. The salient features with process description are depicted as under for
SBR:
2.14.1 Receiving of Sewage:
Deep gravity outfall sewers discharge the raw sewage into a Receiving Chamber from where it shall be
taken into downstream Coarse Screens. The function of the Receiving Chamber is to reduce the
incoming velocity.
2.14.2 Coarse Screening:
Adequate Nos. of Mechanical (working) along with Manual (standby) Coarse Screens shall be
provided upstream of Wet Well for removal of floating and oversized material coming with the
sewage. The Coarse Screens shall screen out most of the medium & large floating and oversized
material such as plastic rags, debris, weeds, paper, cloth, rags etc which could clog the waste water
pump impellers. The Coarse Screens shall be inclined Bar Screen of stainless steel flats and shall be of
sturdy design to take care of all sorts of materials envisaged in the gravity sewer. The screenings shall
be dropped on a Conveyor provided above the top of the Screen Channels. The screening
material as collected will drop automatically into a wheelbarrow for its disposal.
2.14.3 Raw Sewage Pumping Station:
Screened sewage after Coarse Screening shall enter into Wet Well of the Pumping Station. The
capacity of the Wet Well is such that adequate detention time is available during average and peak
flow conditions. The effective liquid volume shall be provided below the invert level of the incoming
sewer after leaving provision for freeboard. Also an additional depression shall be provided to ensure
adequate submergence of Pumps. Pumping Station shall have a Room adequate for installing Electrical
Panels. Suitable arrangement shall be provided for lifting of Pumps. Suitable combination of
Submersible Pumps shall be provided to cater the pumping requirements at average and peak flow
conditions. Based on incoming flow conditions, adequate nos. of Pumps shall start / stop
automatically to cater the pumping requirements. The pumped flow from the Pumping Station shall be
taken to the elevated head works, Inlet chamber of the plant from where sewage will gravitate to Fine
Screen Channels.
2.14.4 Stilling Chamber:-
Raw sewage shall be taken into a Stilling Chamber from where it shall be taken into downstream
Fine Screens. The function of the Stilling Chamber is to reduce the incoming velocity. Fine Screening
Channels: Adequate Nos. of Mechanical along with Manual (standby) Fine Screens shall be provided
upstream of treatment units for fine screening of sewage. The Fine Screens shall screen out most of
the floating and oversized material more than 6mm size such as plastic debris, weeds, paper, cloth,
rags etc which could foul the downstream treatment units. The Fine Screens shall be inclined Bar
Screen of stainless steel flats. The screenings shall be dropped on a Conveyor provided above the top
of the screen channel. The screening material as collected will drop automatically into a wheelbarrow
for its disposal.
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2.14.5 De-Gritting:
Screened Sewage will gravitate to Grit Separator Tank for removal of grit and small inorganic
particulate matter of specific gravity above 2.65 and particle size above 150 microns. The Grit
Separator Tank shall be of RCC construction complete with mechanical internals and square in size.
The grit separated shall be properly collected and be transferred for disposal. The de-gritted sewage
shall flow through open channels from the Grit Separators and confluence into a single channel of
suitable width.
2.14.6 Primary Clarifiers:
The screened & grit free sewage shall be distributed uniformly to the adequate Nos. primary
clarifiers through Primary Clarifier Distribution Chamber. An anticipate 30% BOD removal & 60%
suspended solids removal in the clarifier. Primary clarifier shall be designed for an average flow.
The Primary Clarifiers shall be of RCC construction complete with mechanical internals such as
clarifier mechanism, scum box, etc. and Circular in size. The Clarified Sewage shall be transferred
through open channels to Splitter Box of SBR basins and sludge shall be collected in central bottom
hopper and then transferred into the sludge thickeners.
SBR/ Cyclic Activated Sludge Process: Primary treated sewage shall be fed into the Cyclic Activated
Sludge Process/SBR Process Basins for biological treatment to remove BOD, COD and Suspended
Solids. SBR is a Cyclic Activated Sludge Treatment process. It provides highest treatment efficiency
possible in a single step biological process.
The SBR System is operated in a batch reactor mode. This eliminates all the inefficiencies of the
continuous processes. A batch reactor is a perfect reactor, which ensures 100% treatment. Adequate
no of modules are provided to ensure continuous treatment. The complete process takes place in a
single reactor, within which all biological treatment steps take place sequentially.
The complete biological operation is divided into cycles. Each cycle is of 3 – 5 hrs duration, during
which all treatment steps take place.
The sludge treatment includes the following steps:
• gravity thickening for concentration of biological excess sludge
• natural dewatering in drying beds
• Stabilization by composting.
2.14.7 Gravity thickener:
Thickening is the first stage in reducing the volume of the sludge. The thickening process usually
corresponds to an increase in the concentration of the sludge collected in the final sedimentation
tanks.Gravity thickeners are designed on the basis of hydraulic surface loading and solids loading. In
order to minimize operating costs, no chemicals will be added for sludge treatment.
Biological excess sludge enters the thickeners from above and thickener feeding is continuously.
Thickeners are fitted with a centrally driven rotary mechanism with a diametric bridge. Scrapers
positioned directly above the thickener floor transfer the deposited sludge to a central hopper from
where it is recovered by gravity flow to the sludge pumping station.
A vertically mounted picket fence is also attached to the rotary mechanism and enhances the release of
interstitial water and gas contained in the sludge and allows therefore correct sludge settling and
thickening conditions in the tank.
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2.14.8 Sludge drying:
Feeder pumps at a constant flow rate to the drying beds feed sludge from thickeners. The sludge will be
placed on the drying beds in a 20 to 30 cm layer and allowed to dry following two principles:
• Drainage trough the sludge mass and supporting sand: Drainage water is collected in under
drainage system and returned to the water treatment line upstream biological treatment.
• Evaporation from the surface exposed to the air.
The layer of sludge spread is limited to about 30cm thickness, in order to avoid clogging of the top
layer of sand. The total drying area is divided into individual beds. Distribution boxes are used to
divert the thickened sludge flow into the selected drying bed. Splash plates are placed in the drying
beds in front of the thickened sludge outlet in order to prevent erosion of the sand and to spread the
sludge over the bed. After drying, sludge is spendable and can be removed from the drying beds by a
front end loader. For Beur sewerage treatment plant, moisture content in dried sludge is estimated to
about 40% after 15 days. Drainage water collected under the drying beds is conveyed by gravity to a
return pumping station, from where it is pumped to the distribution chamber in head of biological
treatment. For conditions in Patna, it is considered that 80% of sludge moisture loss in drying stage is
drained and 20% is evaporated.
2.14.9 Sludge composting:
After drying, the sludge produced at Beur STP is stabilized and transformed by composting. The
specific objectives of sludge stabilization include following actions:
• Decompose sludge organics to stabilized humus.
• Reduce the mass and volume of sludge.
• Obtain a sanitized organic soil improvement agent.
• Destroy/control pathogenic organisms.
A mixture of dried sludge, fresh support agent and compost product will be composed using a front
end loader. The mixture is than disposed on the open air composting area in shape of windrows.
During fermentation phase, windrows are regularly returned in order to assure sufficient aeration,
which is needed to provide oxygen for the biological oxidation and to allow evacuation of the steam
released in the compost mass. After fermentation phase, a ripening and storage phase constitutes the
last phase of composting. During this phase, degradation of organic matter is completed and the
compost obtains the final agronomic value. 2.14.10 Outfall of treated Sewerage
It is proposed to commence the work at Beur with SBR based technology without disturbing the
existing treatment system so as to ensure that sewage shall not directly disposed off into the river
through bye-pass/ nalas. For this purpose, it has been proposed to dismantle the existing system in
phase wise manner in such a way that when the module for present load would constructed, the
sewage shall be transferred to new STP and dismantling work would be continued for next module.
It is a considered opinion that the open land within the existing premise of Beur would be optimally
utilized and if required, the tertiary treatment system may be dismantled (as from detailed
conditional assessment, it is clear that the sewage reaching Beur is only having secondary treatment
due to inefficient tertiary system). This will ensure that the available open land with land for tertiary
treatment would be sufficient for module -I of the SBR. Further after commencement of module -I,
the load coming to existing system can be transferred to new one. The existing infrastructure would
then only be dismantled and the useful machineries would be utilized in new system.
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An effluent channel to carry the treatment sewage upto the disposal point is proposed right from
Beur STP to Badshahi Nalla. As per the site visits and CAS, the existing outfall drain is proposed to
be remodelled for augmented capacity.
River Punpun will serve as the sink for disposal of surplus treated effluent streams from all the STPs
after possible reuse. Where connectivity to river is not readily available, connecting drains are to be
proposed up to appropriate points. Study of Badshahi nallah is required for calculation of carrying
capacity, structural stability inclusive of storm runoff, irrigation discharge from it and treated
effluent from STPs into it.
2.15 Land Requirement
As per the recommendations and "Siting Guideline for STPs, issued by GoB" for adopting SBR
Technology for STPs, the land requirement for STP at Beur shall be as under:
Zone Ultimate Flow (MLD) Land Requirement
(@0.05 ha/MLD) Ha Zone-II (Beur STP) 70 3.50*
*Land is already available with EA at existing Site (Beur) The existing land available at Beur STP is being proposed to be optimally utilized for catering
sewage load of Zone -II (Beur). After detailed study & feasibility analysis, it was found that
retaining existing land would not only available most feasible option, but also it has techno
economical advantage over other options.
2.16 Investment Cost
Using the commutations of land cost, capital investment cost and annualized O&M cost for the
selected options, a final ranking is presented below;
Process technology Cost (Lakh Rs.)
Capital Capitalized O&M for 5 years
Total
Sequential (SBR)
Batch Rea
ctor 7050 1762.5 8812.5
2.17 Implementation Schedule
It is anticipated that construction duration for the contractor is estimated to be 36 Months (including
monsoon period) with O&M for next five years for proposed STP and sewerage system of Beur
village Patna. The operation and maintenance of proposed sewerage system is also considered for five
years after commission of the system. The Implementation schedule is given in Figure:
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Zone V
S. No.Task NameDuration
(Months)
1st 3rd 6th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q
1 Final Detailed Project report 1
2 Approval by NRCD 0.5
3Submission of Final
prequalification Document (PQ)0.5
4Notification and Submission of
Prequalification by Bidders1
5Evaluation of Prequalification
Documents0.75
6 Approval by NRCD 0.25
7 Prequalification Recommendation 0.25
8Submission of Final Bid
Documents to NRCD2
9 Approval by NRCD 0.5
10
Issue and receipt of bids from
bidders (Not less than 6-8 weeks
for ICB contract)
2
11Technical Bid Evaluation and
Recommendation0.75
12 Approval by NRCD 0.25
13Notification to PQ Bidders and
opening of financial Bid0.25
14Financial Bid Evaluation and
Negotiation0.75
15 Approval by NRCD 0.5
16 Award of Work/ Contract 0.25
17Construction, Testing and
Commissioning of entire work24
18 Defect Liability Period 12
19 Operation & Maintenance 60
9th
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT IN PAHARI AREA, PATNA
Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8
2nd 4th 5th 7th 8th
Fig: Implementation Schedule of Beur Sewerage System
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2.18 Financing
Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the project under National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)
programme amounting to Rs. 64.16 crore for the renovation and augmentation of STP and Rs. 225.75 crore
for the laying of sewer lines. And gives the summary of cost of the proposed STP and sewerage work Beur
zone of Patna.
(a) Project cost for Networking :
Sr. No. Item Cost
(INR
Crores) Remarks
1. Sewerage system complete with
laterals, collectors, interceptor and
trunk sewers. 147.28
Gravity sewers 200 – 1800 mm diameter of
total length 179.74 km
2. Construction of 0 Nos. of New
Pumping Station @ Rs 5.5 Crores per
SPS 0.00
Civil & EM cost for Proposed & Exisitng
SPSs
3. O&M for sewer lines & SPS incl
other infrastruture with capacity
building 22.06 O&M @ 3% pa for 5 years
4. Total House Connections is 46697
nos. @ Rs 3840 per holding 17.93
House Connections is 46697 nos. @ 06
person per holding (for 2017)
5. Relocation of Utilities
05 Water line, electric poles, telephone line etc
6. Cost for Trenchless Technology 17.21 For 5.10 km (cost analysis from INDsTT)
Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 209.48
7. Environmental Mitigation and
Monitoring Cost 1.00 During construction & Operation stage
8. Public Outreach & Communication
Cost incl. GAAP 0.30 During construction & Operation stage
Total 210.78
Adding Establishment and
contingencies charges etc @ 8%#
14.99
Total Cost (Rs. in Crores) 225.77 Say Rs 225.77 Cr.
(b) Project Cost for STP :
Sr.No. Item Cost
(INR
Crores) Remarks
1. Construction of New Sewage
Treatment Plants on SBR technology
(23 MLD for 2032) @ 1.5Cr/ MLD 34.50
At Existing available land (Most feasible &
Techno-economical option)
2. Renovation of Existing functional
units to retain 20 MLD. (20 MLD till
2032) @ 0.70 Cr/ MLD 14.00
At Existing available land (Recommended
till 2032)
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Sr.No. Item Cost
(INR
Crores) Remarks
4. O&M Cost for STP 13.325 Cost of O&M of 05 years* @ 5% per
annum
5. Extra cost for disinfection through
UV (8 modules @ 5.5 MLD/
Module) 1.2 @ 15 lacs/ Per module
Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 63.025
7. Environmental Mitigation and
Monitoring Cost (EMM Cost) 0.94 During construction & Operation stage
8. Public Outreach and Communication
Cost inc. GAAP 0.22 During construction & Operation stage
Total 64.185
9. Adding Establishment and
contingencies charges etc @ 8%#
3.97
Total Cost (Rs. in Crores) 68.16 Say Rs 68.16 Cr.
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3.0 Approach and Methodology
3.1 Methodology
As per Environmental and Social Management Frame work (NGRBA, 2011)1, and considering associated environmental
and social impacts, an environmental and social assessment with corresponding management plans for the proposed
project of sewerage works in sewerage Patna City has been conducted using the following methodology:
Figure: 3.1 Flowchart describing the steps adopted for Project Impact Assessment
a) Secondary Data analysis (Identify Information/Data Requirements and their Sources): All the
available information and data (quantitative, qualitative) regarding the proposed project was collected
mainly from the Detailed Project Report (DPR), consultation with stake-holders and other secondary
sources including the water/air/noise monitoring reports of Bihar Pollution Board, Water Quality
Management Plan of Ganga River Report of Patna, City Development Plan of Patna and many others.
Through this secondary information a brief description and analysis of the sub-project activities along
with baseline environmental profile of the project influence was established. Based on initial
understanding, the list of required information was drafted before conducting the field survey.
b) Defining the project area and carrying out scoping in the field: Team undertook the field survey and
transect walk of the sewerage district Patna area to develop the understanding of the proposed project
(refer Plate 3.1, 3.2). GPS surveying of the study area was also conducted for mapping the social and
environmental issue. Field visits helped to understand the local knowledge and were valuable in
finding alternatives that help avoid or at least reduce the magnitude and severity of adverse impacts.
1 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National Ganga
River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.
Developing mitigation plan
Identification and assessment of
environmental/ social impacts
Screening activity
Secondary data analysis Field survey and stake-
holder consultation
Brief description & analysis of
the sub project activities
Detailed environmental profile of
the project influence area
Discussion with host population
and key stake-holders
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c) Survey of the host population: With the help of questionnaires, local people were interviewed in
groups. A wide range of potentially affected people were interviewed in Patna including street
vendors, residents of households, residents of temporary settlements, shop keepers, hospital patients,
hospital staff, etc. Both men and women were interviewed from different sections of the society. Team
undertook three field visits to carry out the survey and understand the ground situation. The
interviewees were asked about their awareness of the project, their response to it and if the project is
affecting them (during construction phase) and how it will affect them (after completion phase). Also
they were asked about the mitigation plans they have adopted or are planning to adopt, suggestions for
improvement and any public grievances. Surveys were conducted along the path of construction site.
Figure: 3.2- Public Consultation with local people.
d) Discussion with the key stakeholders: Most of the interactions with important key stakeholders
were through both informal and formal discussions with them. All the associated government
departments were visited to collect the relevant data and their feedback on the project activities.
e) Conduct Screening: Screening is undertaken in the very beginning stages of project development.
The purpose of screening is to screen out “no significant impacts” from those with significant
impacts and get a broad picture of the nature, scale and magnitude of the issues. Team conducted
screening process using the screening checklist format provided in ESMF report of NGRBA, which
is described in subsequent section.
f) Identify and assess the impacts: Based on the analysis of the data gathered from field survey,
stakeholder interaction/ consultation and secondary sources, issues related to the environmental and
social sectors were been identified. The impacts so identified were compared with the existing
baseline environmental and social condition of the study region. The impacts of the activities are
mostly positive with few adverse impacts.
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g) Develop a mitigation plan: Based on the environmental and social issues identified, measures
needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve
environmental performance were recommended. The mitigation plans is suggested in all three stages:
designing phase, construction phase and, operation and maintenance phase.
3.2 Project Screening
h) The project screening was carried out to understand the nature, scale and magnitude of environmental and
social issues associated with the project. The screening activity was conducted as per the guidelines provided in
Environmental and Social Management Framework of NGRBA (NGRBA, 2011)2 and on the secondary data
analysis, field assessments and stakeholder interaction/ consultation. The detail of screening is summarized in
the Table 3.1 below.
i) Project Title: Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & BID Documents; Tendering for
Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Project of Patna City: Under
NGRBA Implementing agency: Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Project cost:
INR 506 Crores for Beur (Package -3: 134 Cr, Package -7: 232 Cr and Package -8: 140 Cr)
j) Project components: Main Pumping Station (MPS), Outfall Channel and STP (60 MLD & 97 MLD
for 2032 & 2047 respectively); Sewer Line, House Sewer Connections, Intermediate Pumping
Stations (IPSs), Rising Main; Ward Nos. (46, 53, 55 to 61, 64, 65); Population for 2047 (8.04 lacs)
k) Summary of Existing Patna City: Patna city is bounded by the Ganga river to the North, Patnason
canal and railway line to the West, Badshahi Nalla & Punpun river in the South. The existing sewer
line in the city is 27.4 km (main trunk) planned & executed under GAP-I & II and is limited to
central part only.
2 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National Ganga
River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.
Sr.
No. Screening Criteria
Assessment
of category (High/ low)
Explanatory note for
categorization
1
Is the project in an eco-
sensitive area or adjoining an
eco-sensitive area?
(Yes/No) If Yes, which is
the area? Elaborate impact
accordingly.
No
There are no environmental
sensitive areas in the proposed
project area. Further the small
residential parks and road side
trees will not be affected
(particularly near Anisabad
Bypass, Gardanibagh , Beur Main
road etc), since the sewers are
planned to be laid in the middle of
the road and will not pass through
these areas. 2
2.1
Land acquisition resulting in
loss of income from
agricultural land, plantation
or other existing land-use.
No land
acquisition is
involved. No
Squatters or
encroachers
present)
STP (43 MLD) has been
planned to setup on existing
available STP site at Beur locations
No squatters or encroachers in
and around the premises who could
get affected by the project.
2.2 Loss of livelihood No Loss of livelihood is not expected and
since mobile vendors can change
Comment [A1]: STP capacity should be
consistant. Is it 60 MLD as per 2032 year
population level or 97 MLD as per 2047
population level. Earlier STP capacity is
indicated as 60 MLD
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their location, there would be no loss.
There could be minor disruption in
terms of access to shops.
2.3 Land acquisition resulting in
relocation of households. No social
impacts
No Land acquisition required and no
relocation of households required
since identified plots of land do not
have any habitations or settlements.
Thus, no relocation of household
require for this package. The locations of STP as proposed on
exists site thus no habitation/
household relocation is required. Also there exist no squatters or
encroachers in and around the
premises which will be affected.
2.4
Any reduction of access to
traditional and river dependent
communities (to river and areas
where they earn for their primary
or substantial livelihood).
No social
impacts seems
to have No access problem likely to be there
2.5 Any displacement or adverse
impact on tribal settlement(s).
No social
impacts seems
to have
There are no tribal settlements in the
project area.
2.6 Any specific gender issues No social
impacts seems
to have
No gender issues were reported
during survey
3
3.1 Clearance of vegetation/ tree-
cover No environmental
impacts
The tree / vegetation cover in areas
Anisabad, Beur, Bypass,Khagaul road
etc areas are aligned along the road
sides and will not be affected as the
sewer lines will be laid in the center
of the roads.
3.2
Direct discharge of construction
runoff, improper storage and
disposal of excavation spoils,
wastes and other construction
materials adversely affecting
water quality and flow regimes.
Limited &
Temporary
Possibility of temporary flushing
away of un-managed spoils and
construction wastes during rainfall to
river Ganga/ Punpun via storm water
drains. If not appropriately managed, there
may be potential for temporary effect
on storm water flows by obstruction to
flows and blockage of drains,
especially during rainfall. This may
cause floods.
3.3 Flooding of adjacent areas Limited &
Temporary
For sewerage works in the entire city,
flooding could be an issue during the
monsoons, especially in the
congested regions like in and around
Anisabad, Beur, Bypass, Khagaul
road etc areas. This issue may further
aggravate due to blocked drains and
poor solid waste management in the
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city.
3.4 Improper storage and handling of
substances leading to
contamination of soil and water
Limited &
Temporary
The storage of construction related
material will not cause any
contamination since these materials
would typically include: Concrete,
pipes, masonry, rubber pipes. The project area has a major water
bodies i.e. Buer STP/ Buer Nalla also
some important ghats on Ganga to be
picked up in RFD phase -2. However
these areas will not be affected as
sewer lines are not planned to be laid
through any of these areas. However, with other finer materials
such as construction powders, fluids
and greases, if not appropriately
managed or in the event of an
accident, there may be potential for
temporary contamination of the river
Ganga via the various drains and
nallas, during rainfall. If construction material will not be
handled appropriately, it may affect
agricultural lands minutely.
3.5 Elevated noise and dust emission Limited &
Temporary
For sewage works, construction is
likely to increase dust and noise
levels temporarily. Temporary impacts may especially be
felt at educational facilities like
schools/colleges (Rajya Vidya
Kendra Mandir, Patna High School
Khagaul road, Patna Irrigation office
Anisabad Patna etc), cultural /
religious centers including all
temples, mosques, churches and
Gurudwaras in the region. Provided that construction works near
schools and colleges are carried out
during vacations and preferably
during night and works near hospitals
are completed on priority basis (in
shorter time period with alternate
provision of traffic, accessibility of
exit/entry gates etc.), the impacts may
be limited.
3.6 Disruption to traffic movements Limited &
Temporary
Traffic disruption can be expected in
busy areas such as area around
Anisabad Bypass Road, Beur marg,
Beur Main road, etc due to
transportation of material of
construction.
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3.7 Damage to existing
infrastructure, public utilities,
amenities etc.
Limited &
Temporary
If not appropriately managed, there
may be potential for temporarily
affecting the existing public utilities
like water supply, telephone,
electricity cables etc. However, in the proposed scheme,
there is a proper relocation of all
utilities like telecom, water line,
electricity, etc is provisioned.
3.8 Failure to restore temporary
construction sites Limited &
Temporary
From field visits and as per JNNURM
project (Water Supply scheme)
reinstatement of dismantled roads
after filling and proper compaction
was observed. Although temporary, concerns
regarding failure to restore
construction sites including failure to
close and appropriately fence-off
open pits were cited as safety
concerns especially for children.
3.9 Possible conflicts with and/or
disruption to local community Limited &
Temporary
For the laying of sewer works, there
will be temporary disruption to the
local community in terms of access to
roads, (especially in dense areas and
narrow roads), shops and residences. Conflicts/ disruption to local
community was inferred as limited
based on survey responses which
indicated the community's ability to
adapt to temporary disruptions, and
their overall preference for the project. 3.10 Health risks due to unhygienic
conditions at workers' camps Limited &
Temporary This risk may occur if labour Camps
are not planned as per defined
guidlines .
3.11 Safety hazards during
construction Limited &
Temporary
From field visits and as per Water
Supply project practices for safety
precautions such as fencing-off
construction areas, sign posts etc.
were observed. If not appropriately managed, there
may be potential for temporary
hazards such as injuries and damage
to property, hazardous traffic
conditions during the construction
phase. 4
4.1 Flooding of adjacent areas Limited &
Temporary
Due to the construction of sewer
lines, raw sewage that currently flows
into the river and/ or overflows into
the streets will now be routed to the
STP. This will prevent flooding of
open sewerage water into adjacent
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3.3 Conclusion of Screening Activity
In order to facilitate effective management and mitigation of the any impacts arising from the proposed
projects, the Environmental and Social Management Framework of NRGBA (Section # 4 of ESMF report,
NGRBA 2011)3 has grouped the pollution abatement projects/ investments into the following two categories
high and low
3 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National Ganga
River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.
areas. However, accidental leakages during
the operational stage may lead to
flooding and possible contamination
of groundwater. Additionally,
overloading and blockage of sewage
lines will also lead to backlogging of
sewers and flooding of branch
sewers.
4.2 Impacts to water quality due
to effluent discharge
No social
impacts seems
to have
There will be a significant
improvement in water quality due to
effluent discharge being treated.
4.3 Gas emissions No social
impacts seems
to have
There will be reduction in gas
emissions from open sewage drains
since the proposed sewage networks
will be underground.
4.4 Safety hazards No social
impacts seems
to have
There will be minimum safety
hazards since the sewer lines will be
underground.
5
Do projects of this nature / type
require prior environmental
clearance either from the
MOEF or from a
relevant state Government
department? (MOEF/
relevant State Government
department/ No clearance at all)
No clearance
required
Project such as these have an overall
positive impact for the environment
and society. Hence no clearance would be
required under the Environmental
Impact Assessment Notification,
2006.
6
Does the project involve any
prior clearance from the MOEF
or State Forest department for
either the conversion of forest
land or for tree-cutting?
(Yes/No). If yes which?
No clearance
required
As the project is in urban provinces
and does not require any forest land
of tree-cutting, hence no prior
clearance is required from relevant
authorities (MoEF and State Forest
departments) under the Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980.
7
Please attach photographs
and location maps along with
this completed Environmental
Information Format For
Screening.
Attached along
with the report
8 Overall Assessment Low The project involve 198 km of sewer
lines, 3 pumping stations and one STP
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High: Mainly include the sub-projects which are likely to have adverse impact on the environmental
and social aspects of the project influence area (including land acquisition). This category projects
will also include mandatory environmental clearance as per the EIA notification.
Low: Projects which are likely to cause minimal or no adverse environmental impacts on human
populations.
As per the screening checklist as given above the project does not involve any land acquisition in 3 SPS and
an STP site. The propose sever network will be laid within the ROW and hence land acquisition is not
required however temporary issues like disposal of excavated material, Safety and access issues, utility
shifting, noise and dust pollution, impacts on water and drainage line generally will associated with any kind
of project.
As part of Construction plan very congested area of the city trenchless technology is proposed which will not
disturb ready access to the existing ROW were as manual excavation of sewer trenches involve care shall be
taken to construct that section in the evening / night time so that access is not disturb in addition restoration of
back section is to be done on same way. Further contractor will need to submit and get approve detailed traffic
diversion plan during construction.
Excavated material will mostly be used for back filling purpose based on their suitability. Debris are expected
in low quantum after back filling and will be suitably transported and disposed off in same low lying area
approved by the project Engineer.
For noise and dust pollution adequate measures has been given in EMP and these impacts are temporary in
nature. Considering the above point and screening matrix the project is consider in the low impact category.
Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the NGRBP, the present
project of Sewerage work in Sewerage District Patna City falls under low impact categories, which do not
have any land acquisition. In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an
Environmental and Social Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of Generic Safeguard
Management Plan (SMP), relevant to the project.
Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental impacts, but will have
temporary impacts like traffic blockages, dust, noise, safety hazards for pedestrians, possible interruption in
commercial activity. These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans. However,
the large environmental benefit of the project greatly outweighs the temporary inconveniences.
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4.0 REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
4.1 Project Level Legal Framework
The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has adopted an Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF) and agreed with the World Bank to apply for its investment projects
involving World Bank fund. This framework describes the policy, principles, and approach to be
followed in minimizing and mitigating adverse social and economic impacts by the sub projects. The
social management framework has four parts viz., (i) Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition
Framework; (ii) Indigenous Peoples Management Framework (IPMF); (iii) Gender Assessment and
Development Framework (GAD); and (iv) Consultation framework.
The ESMF document is intended to help manage the social and environmental impacts through
appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation of various sub-projects of
NGRBP. The framework identifies the level of safeguard due-diligence required for all categories of sub-
projects of NGRBP and provides specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed
for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing
agencies.
4.2 National Law
The GoI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for
Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for
specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land
preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on
the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.
Categories A projects require Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MoEF) Gov. of India. The proponent is required to provide preliminary details of the project in the
Form-1 of a EIA Notification, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the MoEF
prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study, which are finalized within 60
days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, MoEF considers the
recommendation of the EAC and provides the EC if appropriate.
Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact
Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State level EAC categorizes the project as either B1 (requiring EIA
study) or B2 (no EIA study), and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the
study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues the EC based on the EAC
recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will
be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected
areas, notified areas or inter-state or international boundaries.
Environment Clearance requirement is not applicable for this subproject under EIA
Notification 2006 as amended till date since the proposed project does not listed in schedule of said
notification.
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4.3 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations
The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the projects under the NGRBP are given in
Table 4.1.
Table-4.1 Applicable environmental law & regulation
S.
No
Act / Rules Purpose Applicable to
project
Reason for
Applicability
Authority
Yes/ No 1 Environment
Protection Act-1986
To protect and improve
overall environment
Yes As all environmental
Notifications, rules
and schedules are
issued under this
act.
MoEF, Gol, DoE,
State Gov.
CPCB, SPCB
3
Environmental
Impact Assessment
Notification 14th
Sep-2006
To provide environmental
clearance to new
development
activities following
environmental impact
assessment
NO As per schedule of EIA Notification Sewerage and sanitation project does not attract Environmental Clearance.
---
4
Municipal Solid
Wastes(Manageme
n t and Handling)
Rules, 2000
To manage the collection,
transportation,
segregation, treatment,
and disposal of
municipal solid wastes
NO This notification is applicable only for Municipal Solid waste Treatment facility investments
-
5
Coastal Regulation
Zone(CRZ)
Notification
1991 (2002)
Protection of fragile
coastal belt
No If Project location is
located along coastal
belt
--
6
The Land
Acquisition Act
1894 (As
amended in 1985
and 2013)
Set out rule for
Acquisition. of land
by government
No This act will be not applicable as land acquisition of STP and its associated facilities are not required.
Revenue
Department State
Government
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7
The Forest
(Conservation)
Act. 1980
To check deforestation by restricting conversion of forested areas into non- forested areas
No Applicable if there is
Diversion of forest
land for non-forest
activities i.e. forest
land if required for
any of the
investments. In this
case the project
entirely in
urban/semi urban
area does not
attract it.
Forest Department,
State, Ministry
of Environment
and Forests,
Government of
India
S. No
Act / Rules Purpose Applicable to project
Reason for
Applicability
Authority
Yes/ No 8
Wild Life Protection
Act 1972
To protect wildlife
through certain of
National Parks
and Sanctuaries
No This act is will be
applicable, if there
are any points of
wildlife crossing s in
proximity to project
locations
Chief Conservator
Wildlife, Ministry
of Environment
and Forests,
Government of
India
9
Air (Prevention and
Control of
Pollution) Act,
1981
To control air pollution
by controlling emission
of air pollutants as per
the prescribed standards.
Yes This act will be applicable during construction. As well as setting of STP, Consent to establish and consent to operate.
SPCBs
10
Water Prevention
and Control of
Pollution)
Act1974
To control water
pollution by controlling
discharge of pollutants
as per the prescribed
standards
Yes This act will be applicable during construction. As well as setting of STP, Consent to establish and consent to operate construction.
SPCBs
11 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000
The standards for noise for day and night have been promulgated by the MoEF for various land uses.
Yes This act will be applicable for all construction equipment deployed at worksite.
SPCBs
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12 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act1958
Conservation of cultural and historical remains found in India
Yes This act will be applicable, only if any investment is in proximity to any Ancient Monument, declared protected under the act.
Archaeological Department Gol, India Heritage Society and Indian National Trust for Art and Culture Heritage (INTACH).
13 Public Liability and Insurance Act 1991
Protection form hazardous materials and accidents.
Yes Contractor need to stock hazardous material like diesel, Bitumen, Emulsions etc.
SPCBs
14 Explosive Act 1984 Safe transportation, storage and use of explosive material
NO For transporting andstoring diesel, Oil and lubricants etc. In this project it is not applicable as no blasting work is required.
Chief Controller of Explosives
S.
No
Act / Rules Purpose Applicable
to project
Reason for
Applicability
Authority
Yes/ No 15 Minor Mineral
and concession Rules
For opening new quarry.
No Regulate use of minor minerals like stone, soil, river s a n d e t c . As the work is mainly of excavation and laying of Sewer line, no minor mineral listed in this act is required
District Collector
16 Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988
To check vehicular air and noise pollution.
Yes This rule will be applicable to vehicles deployed for construction activities and construction Machinery.
Motor Vehicle Department
17 National Forest Policy, 1988
To maintain ecological stability through preservation and restoration of biological diversity.
No This policy will be applicable if any eco sensitive feature exists in and around the investments
Forest Department, State Government and Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India
18 The Mining Act The mining act has been notified for safe and sound mining activity.
Yes The construction activities for investments will require aggregates. These will be procured through mining from approved quarries
Department of mining, State Government
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4.4 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP
Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The construction agencies
therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which include inter alia, the following:
1 Workmen's Compensation Act 1923 (the Act provides for compensation in case of injury by
accident arising out of and during the course of employment);
2 Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on satisfaction of
certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years);
3 Employees PF and Miscellaneous Provision Act 1952 (the Act provides for monthly
contributions by the employer plus workers);
4 Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 (the Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women
employees in case of confinement or miscarriage, etc.);
5 Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (the Act provides for certain welfare
measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour);
6 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (the employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum
Wages fixed by the Government as per provisions of the Act);
7 Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (it lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will
be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers);
8 Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 (the Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal
nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female
employees);
9 Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (the Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a
minimum of 83.3% of wages and maximum of 20% of wages);
10 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (the Act lays down the machinery and procedure for resolution of
industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the
requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment);
11 Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act; 1946 (the Act provides for laying down rules
governing the conditions of employment);
12 Trade Unions Act, 1926 (the Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions of
workers and employers. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given certain
immunities from civil and criminal liabilities);
13 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (the Act prohibits employment of children
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below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of
employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is
prohibited in Building and Construction Industry);
14 Inter-State Migrant Workmen"s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act,
1979 (the inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to which this Act becomes
applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, travelling
expenses from home to the establishment and back, etc.);
15 The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of
Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 (all the establishments who carry on any building
or other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are covered under this Act; the
employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or construction
work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing
accommodation for Workers near the workplace, etc.);
16 The Factories Act, 1948 (the Act lays down the procedure for approval of plans before setting up
a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours and rendering
information-regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated authorities);
17 Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (the Rules govern handling,
movement and disposal of hazardous waste);
18 Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rule 1989 amended till date.
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5.0 Environmental Baseline
5.1 Introduction
The baseline environmental and social status is important to understand the region's existing physical and
biological characteristics along with cultural and social status of the residing community. Information and
data presented in this section is based on field surveys, stake-holder interaction/consultation and secondary
data collection which majorly include the draft Detailed Project Report (DPR) of proposed sewerage work,
City Development Plan (CDP) report by Nagar Nigam, Water/ Air/ Noise quality monitoring report of
CPCB and Bihar State Pollution Control Board, City census data and others. The information on the
baseline environmental conditions forms the basis to analyse the probable impacts of the proposed project
vis-à-vis the present background environmental quality of the core study area.
5.2 Project Influence Area
In general 5 km from the project boundary has been considered as Project Influence Area. Within this
project influence area the mostly consists of built up area which also includes some old and important
buildings. Very few open space is there within the project influence area, the only prominent one is Gandhi
maidan. There is no such natural sensitive area observed within the project influence area. However man
made sensitive locations like Patna High school, Patna, Irrigation Office, Patna, temples along the Road,
some old buildings and few schools are observed. The figure showing general study area has been shown in
the figure below.
Figure 5.1: General study area of the project.
5.3 Baseline Condition of Project Surrounding Area
5.3.1 Topography The project city Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. The town is situated at an
altitude of 48 - 51 m above mean sea level. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its
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confluence of rivers The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara,
Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.
Other salient terrain aspects pertaining to planning & designing of the system of city are enumerated as
under:-
• The linear bund constructed on northern periphery of the city prevents entry of river Ganga water into
the city and hence, a major flood protection works. Similarly, the bund along river Punpun prevents the
entry of flood waters into the city from eastern side particularly when the Ganga flows at high level &
water backflows into Punpun River.
• Bulk of city is located between contour intervals of 48-51 m whereas HFL of river Ganga is 51.3 m,
thus the problem of inundation of city in monsoons. However, the Patliputra area located towards
north-western part has levels of 50-56 m and hence, does not have major problems of flooding.
• The city is further linearly bifurcated into northern & southern Patna by the railway line going west
to east, right through the middle of the city. This railway line is on high embankment and acts as flood
protection measure.
• The new Patna Bye-pass, south of railway line, which is under construction further provides additional
flood protection measures to the Patna city.
5.3.2 Climate
The district by and large is homogenous. It is of moderate type characterized by quite hot summers to
moderately cold winters. The day temperature generally ranges from 21.1 ºC in January to 38.7 ºC in
May and night temperature from 7.3 ºC in December to 27.7 ºC in June. The summer begins in April
and peaks in June/July with the temperature soaring up to 43 °C till the moisture laden monsoon wind
bring some much-needed relief to the parched fields. The rains last through August & September and
continue into early October.
Table 5.1: Climatological Normal of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at Patna
Mont
h Temperature (oC) Monthly total
rainfall mm
Humidity (%)
Maximum Minimum 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs
January 23.3 9.2 18.9 76 57 February 26.5 11.6 10.7 66 45 March 32.6 16.4 11.4 50 30 April 37.7 22.3 7.6 44 23 May 38.9 25.2 33.3 56 32 June 36.7 26.7 134.2 70 54 July 33.0 26.2 305.8 83 74 August 32.4 26.1 274.4 84 77 September 32.3 25.4 226.9 82 76 October 31.5 21.8 93.8 75 68 November 28.8 14.7 8.9 70 60 December 24.7 9.9 4.1 75 60
Source: India Metrological Department data from 1951-1980)
5.3.3 Geology
Geologically, Bihar represents the extreme northern front of Indian sub-continent. These include (i) the
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belt of Himalayan foothills in the northern fringe of Paschim Champaran (ii) the vast Ganga Plains,
(iii) the Vindhyan (Kaimur) Plateau extending into Rohtas region, (iv) the sporadic and small Gondwana
basin outliers in Banka district, (v) the Satpura Range extending into large part of the area North of
Chotanagpur Plateau, (vi) the parts of Bihar Mica belt in Nawada, Jamui and Banka districts and (vii) the
Granite Gneissic complex of Chotanagpur plateau. Nearly two third of Bihar is under cover of Ganga
basin composed of alluvium and masks the nature of basement rocks. The project influence area falls
in Ganga Basin hence geologically its earth crest comprises of alluminium.
Patna district is a part of the Indo Gangetic alluvium. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the
Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. Patna region is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary
age. The quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement.
5.3.4 Soil The soils are basically an outcome of landform, climate, land use, topography, time and parent material,
which have been well considered during the pedological investigation. The role of soil as natural asset of
ecosystem is viewed through three angles (i) supporting agriculture & forest (ii) Supporting
engineering installation and (iii) Constituting the medium to regulate the storage and accumulation of
subsurface water.
The Ganga basin is characterized by a wide variety of soils. The soils of the high Himalayas in the north
are subject to continued erosion and the Gangetic trough provides a huge receptacle into which thousands
of meters of thick sediment layers are deposited to form a wide valley plain. Among the soil types within
Ganga basin, the alluvial soil covers more than 52 per cent of the basin. The alluvial deposits of the
basin not only cover the great Gangetic trough, but also extend over a sizable portion of the peninsular
foreland in the form of a layer less than 3 metres thick. The entire alluvial formation is endowed with rich
soil nutrients.
The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is
slightly alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In
general the Calcareous Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or
acidic alluvium and hence the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than
acidic alluvium.
Figure: 5.2 Physiographic Regions
5.3.5 Soil Quality in project influence area
In this report the soil quality data has been taken for reference from similar report submitted to
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NGBRA, which was monitored in September 2012.
Table- 5.2 Soil Quality around project influence area of patna
Sr. No Parameter Unit Gulvi ghat Collectorate ghat T N Banerjee ghat
1 pH - 8.56(1:5)26oC 8.85(1:5)26
oC 7.8(1:5) 26
oC
2 Texture - Loamy sand Silt loam Loam
3 Sand % 84.2 26.1 38.3
4 Silt % 10.2 52.4 34.1
5 Clay % 5.6 21.50 27.6
6 Bulk density
g/cc 1.43 1.29 1.25
7 WHC % 30.26 42.67 44.17
8 OM % 0.15 0.64 1.59
9 N mg/kg 92.23 184.46 338.18
10 P mg/kg 16.25 <4 292.49
11 Na mg/kg 20 500 400
12 Na mg/kg 60 60 40
13 Ca Mg/kg 13584 11808 4224
14 Mg Mg/kg 2678.4 2966.4 2476.8
15 EC µm/cm 68.8(1:5) 25⁰C
199(1:5) 25⁰C
112(1:5) 25⁰C
The soil quality as observed shows alkaline content which supports the presence of Calcareous alluvium
(as referred from secondary literature as well).
5.3.6 Ambient Air Quality In this report the water quality data has been taken for reference from similar report submitted to
NGBRA, which was monitored in September 2012.
Table 5.3 Ambient air quality in project influence area of patna
Location Monitoring
period PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (2.5) (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3) NO2 (µg/m3) Co (µg/m3)
Collector ghat
Sept 2012 88 47 5.4 26.7 363
Dr. T .N Bnerjee
ghat
Sept 2012 54 29 4.3 21.4 275
Gulvi Ghat Area
Sept 2012 69 36 4.0 19.0 175
Limit as per CPCB. 100 60 80 80 2000
Sampling and Analysis methodology
IS:5182 (part-23)-
2006
USEPA, CFR-40, Part-50,
Appendix L
IS: 5182 (part-2)-
2001
IS:5182 (Part-6)-
2006
IS:5182: Part 10, 1999
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Figure: 5.3 Bar Graph Representation of Ambient Air Quality
Results & Analysis:
The PM10 and PM2.5 level near the Collectorate Ghat is found in the higher range may be due to the
market activities and associated dust generation. However, all the parameters of ambient air quality are
found well within prescribed limit.
5.3.7 Noise Quality
The baseline environmental monitoring for noise quality was conducted through primary survey to at
strategic locations considering various project components like construction of STP, SPS, laying of sewer
line etc. The baseline noise levels helps in understanding the existing noise level so that necessary
monitoring mechanism and safeguard measures can be formulated for the possible impacts from the project
on noise quality during the construction and operation stages of the project. The existing baseline noise level
is presented in table 5.4.
Table -5.4: Noise Quality at Beur, Patna
Locations Name Equivalent Noise
Level Leq (dB(A))
6.0 am to 10.0 pm
Equivalent Noise
Level Leq (dB(A))
10.0 pm to 6.0 am
Permissible Limit Leq
(dB(A)) Day Time Night
Time Beur STP 60.36 50.02 65 55
Rajya Vidya Kendra Mandir 46.23 39.45 50 40
Patna High School,Khagaoul
Road 47.28 40.05 50 40
Irrigation Office, Anisabad 64.02 51.36 65 55
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Figure – 5.4 : Noise Quality at Beur, Patna
The analysis of noise level indicate that the average noise levels of all above given locations are within the
permissible limits.
The average day and night Ambient Noise levels monitored by Govt. Approved “Noida Testing Laboratory” for
residential, commercial, industrial and sensitive locations during the month of May 2014.
5.3.8 Mineral Resources
The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals except sand being mined in Ganga and
Sone River beds for construction. 5.3.9 Land use As the proposed project is located in capital city of Bihar state, the project influence entirely falls
under urban periphery.
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Figure- 5.5 Land use distribution of Patna urban area
Figure – 5.6 Landuse around STP
5.3.10 Seismicity
According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic
hazard, though the project site lies in Low Hazard Zone (refer Map5.1). As per the 2002 Bureau of
Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site is falling
under Zone IV (as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002).
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Map 5.1, Sesmic zone of India and Bihar
Sesmic Zone Map of India Sesmic Zone map of Bihar
Figure – 5.7 Sesmic zone of India and Bihar
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5.3.11 METEOROLOGY Climatological (long-term) data is obtained from the closest Indian Meteorology Department (IMD)
station or from any other nearby station which has been collecting meteorological data for more than ten
years. The nearest meteorological data is available from Patna, the capital city of Bihar. Table -
5.3 shows monthly mean Temperature, Humidity, Visibility, Wind Speed and Precipitation near the
project sites. The averages were drawn over last 5 years daily average data. It clearly indicates that May
and June are the warmest months and December and January are the coolest months of the year having
mean temperatures of 31.58±1.46 and 31.76±2.08 for May and June, respectively. It is also to be noted
that June, July and August are the wettest months of the year following the warm season and
November and December are the driest months with least or no rainfall. Wind activity is also very
high during May and June, whereas in winter, especially in November and December wind activity is
minimal. Figure 5.3 below presents the average wind rose plots for the year 2012 – 2013 depicting the
predominant wind directions during different months of the year.
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Table - 5.5: Monthly mean data for different meteorological variables near the project road.
Month
Mean
Temperatu
re (deg C)
Mean
Humidit
y
Mean
Visibility
Km
Mean
Wind
Speed
(Km/
h)
Wind
Direction
Degrees
Precipitati
on
(mm)
Mean
Dew
Point
(oC)
Mean Sea
Level
Pressure (
hPa)
Clou
d
Cove
r Jan 14.35±0.73 70.51±2.76 1.38±0.07 3.2±0.65 233.35 0.23±0.2 9.32 1016.16 1.93
Feb
19.15±0.25 60.35±6.94 2.22±0.32 5.3±1.8 252.29 0.21±0.3 13.96 1014.54 3.25
Mar 24.67±0.56 45.14±5.56 2.77±0.31 5.32±1.7 260.16 0.17±0.18 15.42 1010.13 2.50
Apr 29.36±0.57 40.71±1.84 2.89±0.38 7.71±1.09 208.43 0.35±0.27 16.60 1005.37 2.90
May 31.58±1.46 49.67±12.48 2.89±0.35 11.16±4.02 111.90 1.43±1.24 22.23 1000.74 3.38
June 31.76±2.08 61.91±12.05 2.79±0.3 10.32±2.99 105.50 3.93±4.49 25.63 998.43 4.52
Jul 30.23±0.18 73.41±3.62 2.56±0.19 8.3±1.15 129.71 4.64±3.84 25.97 997.61 5.48
Aug
29.84±0.47 75.49±1.63 2.57±0.27 6.4±1.59 132.19 4.26±0.64 26.06 1000.48 4.81
Sep
29.16±0.3 74.88±1.09 2.61±0.37 6.41±1.86 134.47 5.36±2.2 25.17 1004.00 4.47
Oct 26.73±0.41 68.52±3.71 2.42±0.45 2.62±0.96 228.90 1.11±1.77 20.00 1010.48 2.79
Nov
21.99±1.2 67.71±4.31 1.81±0.39 1.76±0.64 201.37 0±0.01 14.17 1012.50 4.00
Dec
16.27±0.65 72.34±7.74 1.27±0.31 1.49±0.43 212.13 0±0 11.16 1014.13 2.31
Source –IMD, Patna
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Figure 5.8: Monthly mean plots of meteorological parameters and visibility.
5.3.12 Wind Speed and direction The average wind speed recorded is 1.33 knots. The data of IMD shows the wind directions in
project city are from NE during summer and SW during the winter.
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Avg. speed-1.33
Knots Start Date- 31-12-
2011, 02: 00 End Date- 31-12-
2012, 23:00 Calm Winds-
65.91%.
Total Count – 440Hr
Figure 5.9: Wind Rose Plot
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5.3.13 Cloud Cover
The skies are generally moderately to heavily clouded and occasionally overcast during the monsoon
season and for brief spells of a day or two in winter season due to passing western disturbances. The
skies are mainly clear or lightly clouded during the rest of the year.
5.3.14 Special Weather Phenomenon.
The area is scarcely affected by monsoon depressions. May to September months are the period with the
highest incidence of thunder storms and dust storms. Some thunder storms are dry but give rise to
violent squalls while some of the thunder storms are accompanied with heavy rain and sometimes with
hail storm. Thunder storms also occur in the winter months due to western disturbances. Dust storms
and squall occur occasionally in May and June (Hot Season). Occasional fog occurs in the cold
season and fog may persist sometimes for many days. Hail is relatively rare phenomenon.
5.3.15 Relative Humidity
The relative humidity in project city is round 80 to 93 %.
5.3.16 Rainfall and Precipitation
The weather in Patna is characterized by a distinct wet season during the period of south west
monsoon (June to September). The air temperature starts falling with the onset of the monsoon from
June onwards, making the weather more humid and equable. The diurnal range between the daily
mean minimum and the daily mean maximum temperature reduces progressively as the monsoon
advances. Eventually, the lowest diurnal range of temperature occurs at the peak of the monsoon,
which is usually in August, though sometimes in July. As soon as the monsoon is over, the diurnal
range of temperature starts increasing rapidly to a maximum attained during the month of November.
The rainfall and temperature details in Patna are given in Table 5.4.
Table 5.6 Rainfall in project area
Station and Year
Mean Annual Rainfall (mm)
Water surplus in wet months Jul-Sept (mm)
Rainfall expressed in percentage of annual rainfall from Jul-Sep (mm)
Mean Temp in 0OC
Max Min
Patna
(1951- 1980)
1003.4 807.1 80.4 31.9 20.8
Source: - Indian Meteorological Department
5.3.17 Overall Climate
The Ganga plains zone forms an excessive bowl of warm air, especially during day time. The mean
maximum daily temperature even the coldest month (January) nowhere falls below 21°C. Hot season in the
zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month in the greater part of the area may
rises 40°C and above. The cold weather period extends from December to February, January being the
coldest month when temperature falls below 10°C. In lower Ganga plain, the minimum temperature is
somewhat higher being 11°C at Patna. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June in the
Lower Bengal and by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself overthe entire Ganga Plain and
results in heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September.
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5.3.18 Water Quality:
In this report the water quality data has been taken for reference from similar report submitted to
NGBRA, which was monitored in September 2012. Since the measurements were made during the
monsoon/post monsoon having high discharge, the BOD load has been reduced to a great extent due to the
concept “dilution is the best solution to pollution”. But, it also warrants that the serious measures are
required to take as part of the city sanitation plan to minimize the disposal of direct discharge of raw
sewage in Ganga. The analysis result has been given in below mentioned table 5.5.
Table 5.7 Surface water quality of river Ganga
Sl Parame
ter Unit Sample Location
Kali ghat Krishna
ghat Collector
at ghat Gandhi
ghat Anta ghat Gulvi
ghat
1 pH 7.52 at 28⁰C
7.36 at 28⁰C
7.31at 28⁰C
7.65 at 28⁰C
7.49 at 28⁰C
7.45 at 28⁰C
2 TDS mg/l 127.4 257 141.5 130.5 128.4 136.4 3 TSS mg/l 680 599 165 837 157 170 4 TH mg/l 103.68 172.8 107.52 119.04 88.32 111.36 5 Fe mg/l 1.93 3.27 3.88 3.47 1.69 3.35 6 Cl mg/l 17.81 31.67 15.83 15.83 17.81 17.81 7 F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 8 Ca mg/l 27.65 44.54 26.11 41.47 23.04 27.65 9 Mg mg/l 8.29 14.75 10.13 3.68 7.37 10.14 10 SO4 mg/l <1.0 25.89 1.71 28.75 7.19 3.05 11 NO3 mg/l 3.2 <0.4 5.7 3.1 2.7 11.2 12 As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 13 Zn mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 14 DO mg/l 7.7 7.3 7.9 7.7 7.2 7.2 15 BOD mg/l 3.3 3.21 3.11 <2.0 3.21 2.1 16 COD mg/l 19.48 15.58 19.48 7.79 19.48 7.79 17 Total
Alkalinity mg/l 105.08 184.6 99.4 110.76 110.76 107.92
18 Total
Colifor
m
cfu/100ml 30 110 170 280 280 23
19 Faecal Coliform
cfu/100ml 13 21 13 17 22 13
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The river Ganga is within 1.0 km distance of the project site. The Central pollution control boards regularly
monitor river water quality at Patna Stretch. To study the water quality of River Ganga, the Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) has set up water quality monitoring stations on the main river and on its various
tributaries It is observed that BOD and DO comply with the standard at all the locations, while FC does not
conform to the standard at any of the locations. BOD shows an increasing or a marginally increasing trend at all
the locations. No trend is observed with respect to DO. The Ganga river water quality trend at Patna stretch has
been depicted in the Figure 19 to Figure 20.
Figure 19: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms Dissolved Oxygen
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Figure 20: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms BOD
Figure 21: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms Feacal Coliform
As per the latest water quality monitoring conducted by Bihar State Pollution Control Board (Table 5.2), the
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels at all stations are often above the permissible 3.0 mg/l for outdoor
bathing waters and also above 2.0 mg/l limit for the drinking water standard, as set by the Indian Standard
code. However, the water quality parameter of dissolved oxygen (DO) seems within permissible limits. The
minimum DO levels for water as per the Indian standard code ranges from 4.0-6.0 mg/l for drinking and
bathing respectively. The river Punpun water quality has been depicted in Table 5.3. Total coliform and fecal
coliform were present at all stations, indicating possible contamination from municipal waste water discharges
from the city. The presence of fecal coliform in the water also indicates a greater potential of the presence of
pathogenic microorganisms, which may cause waterborne diseases, leading to detrimental impacts on the
health of the community. During summer, the river flow reduces and at increased temperature the bacterial
activities increases to oxidize the organic matter discharged into it from various domestic and industrial
sources.
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Table 15 : Ganga River Water Quality at Patna
Parameter Digha near
Railway Bridge
(U/S)
Gaighat (D/S General standard for discharge on
inland surface water as per CPCB
BOD(mg/l) 2.6 2.8 30
COD (mg/l) 16 20 250
TSS (mg/l) 28 30 100
DO 8.0 7.8 T. Coli (MPN/100 ml) 3000 9000 500
F. Coli(MPN/100 ml) 1300 3000
Table 16 : Punpun River Water Quality as conducted by Bihar State Pollution Control Board
Parameter Railway
Bridge (U/S) Fatua (D/S) General standard for discharge on
inland surface water as per CPCB
BOD(mg/l) 2.0 2.5 30
COD (mg/l) 16 20 250
TSS (mg/l) 26 34 100
DO 7.5 7.0 T. Coli (MPN/100 ml) 1400 1700 500
F. Coli(MPN/100 ml) 500 700
5.4 Natural Environment
The discussion and study of these social and environmental features enable to identify areas of concern in
the entire study area. Consultants project site visit and available secondary information has been used to
identify the area of concern.
5.4.1 Recorded Forest Area
As per India State of Forest Report 2009, the recorded forest area of the state is 6,473 km2, which is 6.87%
of the geographical area. Reserved forests constitute 10.70%, Protected Forest 89.28 and Unclassed Forest
0.02% of the total forest area.
5.4.2 Forest Cover
The forest cover in the state, based on interpretation of satellite Data of Oct 2006-Feb 2007, is 6,804 KM2,
which is 7.23% of the state geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the state has 231 km2
vey dense forest 3,248 km2 moderately dense forest, and 3,325 Km2 open forest. The forest cover map is
also being referred to visualize the scenario of the study area which is given below as Map. Since the project
is located entirely in urban area, presence of forest and forest resources is almost NIL
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Map 5. 2, Forest distribution in Bihar
5.4.3 Protected Natural Habitats
The proximity to the ecological sensitive areas like Reserved Forest, wild life sanctuaries and National
park are the most important criteria for screening of road project. This is the most important parameter
in the environmental screening process because of the biodiversity related issues. More over if
impacted it requires many months /years of legal process to obtain clearance for environmental and
forestry clearances. There is one National Park and 12 wildlife Sanctuaries covering an area of 0.32 million hectare,
which constitutes 3.38% of the total geographical area of the state.
5.4.4 Wildlife Habitats As mentioned above the state has 1 National Park and 12 Wildlife Sanctuary none of them is situated
within 10 km of project or project influence area. As per primary discussion with Forest Department
official and local community, no wildlife movement has been observed in past. It is worthy to mention that project city Patna is situated on the bank of river Ganga and flown very
near to project city. Part of Ganga River approx. 50 km from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon in district of
Bhagalpur has been declared as “Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary” in 1991 which is only
protected area for endangered Gangetic Dolphins in Asia. The Gangetic Dolphin is declared as “National
Aquatic Animal of India” on 5th of October 2009. It is to be noted that the declared area of River Ganga is Far away from project/study area and
does not attract wild life clearance or does not require permission from National Ganga River Basin
Authority (NGRBA).
5.4.5 Flora.
The phytosociological study of the core zone (terrestrial habitat) beyond the riparian habitat comprises of
manmade ecosystem. Trees plantation in form of landscaping was noticed due to nearby residential area,
government offices, hospitals, university, parks and market places. The species of trees reported are mainly
planted, except few species which are naturally growing. These trees are fruit, flower and seed bearing and
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attract avifauna, small mammals and reptiles. Nesting was commonly reported. Species of trees reported
during primary survey are given in Table below.
Table: List of trees reported in the project affected area
S.No. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Peepal Ficus religiosa
2 Bargad Ficus benghalensis
3 Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo
4 Jamun Syzygium cumini
5 Neem Azadirachta indica
6 Sal Shorea robusta
7 Salai Boswellia serrate
8 Bahera Terminalia arjuna
9 Mango Mangifera indica
10 Golden shower Crassia fistula
11 Bakain Melia azadirachta
12 Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus
13 Kadamb Anthocephalus cadamba
14 Bail Aegle marmelos
15 Siris Albizia procera
16 Devil Tree Alstonia scholaris
17 Royal Palm Roystonea regia
18 Amla Phyllanthus emblica
19 Neem Azadirachta indica
20 Coconut Coco nucifera
21 Umar Ficus racemosa
22 Mango Mangifera Sp
23 Gular Ficus Glomerata
24 Palash Butea monosperma
25 Gulmohar Delonix regia
26 Kala siris Albizia lebbeck
27 Semal Bombax ceiba
28 Bair Zizyphus jujube
5.4.6 Fauna
To study the diversity of fauna, various survey methods were adopted. The survey was mainly carried out at
dawn and at dusk to study animal behavior and habitat. This study period is mainly selected as animals are
most active.
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Secondary data was collected from the forest department and interaction with the local was also conducted to
establish baseline study for distribution of wild animals in the study area. No wild mammals are reported in the
study area, due to anthropogenic activity and urbanized habitat. Domestic mammals are reported in the study
area.
5.4.7 Avifauna:
The fauna reported in the inner buffer zone4are mainly avifauna (highest diversity) followed by mammals and
reptiles. The commonly reported avifauna in the study area during primary survey, with higher diversity are
Common crow, Myna, Eagle, Sparrow, Babbler, Pigeon, Cattle Egrets, Red Vented bulbul, Drongo, Sparrow,
Indian Roller etc. During site visit higher frequency of birds recorded in the project affected. This is mainly
due to availability of nesting habitat, discarded foods from rituals ceremony and fruits bearing trees. Table 5.5
gives the list of avifauna reported in the core zone and inner buffer zone.
Table-19: List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone
S.No Common Name Scientific Name
1. Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus
2. Rock Pigeon Columba livia
3. Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis
4. Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus
5. Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
6. Common Crow Corvus splendene
7. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis
8. Common Babbler Turdoides caudate
9. Green Bee eater Merops orientalis
10. House sparrow Passer domesticus
11. Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus
12. Egret Casmerodium albus
13. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
14. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula Krameri
15 Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis
16 Bank Myna` Acridotheres ginginianus
5.4.8 Mammals
The major wild animals found in the area are the Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Indian foxes
(Vulpes bengalensis), Jackals (Cansis aureus), porcupines, monkeys (Nigicollis), wild cats (Felis chaus),
hares (Lepus ruficandatus) and other domesticated animals.
5.4.9 Reptiles
Lizards of all kinds abound from the large tree climbing animals called gosamp to the harmless house
lizards; but snakes are not perhaps so abundant as in area. Thanatophidia, especially the cobra and
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karait (Bangarus caearulus) are continually met with. The other reptiles that are found in the area are
Ghariyal (gavialis gengeticus), Indian Python (Python molurus) and SAL terrapin (Kachuga kachuga).
5.4.10 Birds
The common birds seen in the study area are grey partridge, smaller sand group, snipe and many kinds
of quail, the latter affording excellent shooting when the ripe rabi crops are on the ground or in the arhar
fields close to waste land overgrown with scrub vegetation. Neither the black nor the painted partridge are
seen in study area, but the small florican is occasionally found. Blue-rock pigeons are common. The
green pigeon or bacial is found wherever there are Peepall trees. During the winter months the area are
well stocked with the teal and various kinds of ducks, pochards, sheldrakes and goose. The gray goos and
brahminy duck are however more common in the neighborhood of the Ganga and Sone River while the
kuland is met with but is not abundant. The peacocks are also seen in the project influence area. The
avifauna include the well known saras (crane), many kinds of herons and waders, and all the usual
varieties of voves, parakeet, sparrows, shrikes, crows, rollers and other passerine birds.
5.4.11 Fishes
The common fishes of the study area are as follows:
Acanthocobitis botia, Ailia coila, Ailia punchata, Arius gagorides, Badis badis, Bagarius bagarius,
Bagarius yarrelli, Barilius barna, Barilius sharca, Barilius tileo, Botia Dario, Botia lohachata, Chaca
chaca, Chagunium chagunio, Chitala chitala, Coinus quadrufasiatus, Danio rerio, Erethistes pusillus,
Eutropiichthys murius, Gagata cenia, Gagata gagata, Gagata sexualis, Gagata youssoufi, Gangra
viridescens, Glyptothorax stocliczkae, Gonialosa chapra, Ilisha megaloptera, Johnius gangaticus,
Lepidocephalus guntea, Mustus gulio, Nangra carcharhinoides, Nangra nangra, Otolithoides pama,
Pristis microdon, Punitus guganio, Raiamas bola, Salmostoma bacaila, Tor tor, Sperata aor, Xenentodon
cancila
5.4.12 Other Visual resources
Beside the above mentioned resources no other significant resources are identified during field survey
or from available secondary data.
5.4.13 Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna
As per discussion with different stalk holder including Forest Division officials, local community and
consultant survey, no vulnerable, threatened or endanger species of flora and fauna has been identified along
project road corridor.
5.5 Social Environment
From Bihar‟s total area 96163 km² Patna district occupies an area of 3,202 km². Total Urban Population of
Bihar is 1, 17, 58, 016.00 in which males‟ population are 62, 04,307 and females are 55, 53,709. Out of the
total Patna population for 2011 census, 43.07 percent lives in urban regions of district. As per 2011 census,
total population of Patna urban is 25, 14,590 of which 1,683,200 lives within the municipality boundary.
Total male population in Patna is 13, 32,487 which isapproximately 53 % of total urban population. Sex
ratio in Patna district as per Census 2011 is 887 whereas child sex ratio is 883. Child populations (0-6) in
urban region were 3, 29,592 of which males and females were 1, 75,005 and 1, 54,587. This child population
figure of Patna district is13.11 % of total urban population.
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Indicators Bihar Urban Patna Urban
Male Female Male Female
Population 6204307 5553709 1332487 1182103
Sex ratio 895 887
Literacy 82.56 % 61.95% 85.75% 75.59%
Population Density
1102 1808
Average literacy rate in Bihar is 76.86% which males and females are 82.56% and 61.95%. In Patna district
as per census 2011 literacy rate is 80.98 % of which males and females are 85.75 % and
75.59 % literates respectively. In actual number 1769307 people are literate in urban region of which males
and females are 992574 and 776733 respectively.
Average literacy rate in Patna district as per census 2011 is 82.40 % of which males and females are
87.71 % and 81.33 % literates respectively. In actual number 1,810,338 people are literate in urban region
of which males and females are 1,008,475 and 801,863 respectively.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Patna one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of
a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions
Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Agricultural products include: Paddy, Maize, Pulses and Wheat and also oil
seeds. Roughly one third of the area sown is under rice (paddy). Cash crops such as vegetables and water-
melons are also grown in Diara belt. Major industries include leather, handicrafts, and agro processing.
Though the human development indicators i.e., literacy, sex ratio, etc. have improved over past decade
however income and poverty profile has not changed much due to natural resource degradation and natural
calamities.
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6.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
6.1 Introduction
The first attempt to assess the environmental impacts was done within the “Preliminary Environmental
Assessment". The potential environmental impacts is prepared using the baseline data survey which
conducted for this study, following the general recommendations for elaboration of the environmental impacts,
using updated information and large amount of new data and taking into consideration all media and their
interaction.
In the feasibility study, Detail Report, and the previous NGRBA study reports the site selection and the
treatment process of existing STP was done. Different treatment alternatives were considered for possible use at
Beur STP. They were: Activated Sludge Process, Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Bio Aerated filters,
Membrane bio reactors, and Trickling Filters. This alternative treatment study was recently prepared by DPR
Consultants as part of the initial detailed design Report. It was proposed to apply Sequencing Batch Reactor
treatment process for the Beur STP. The implementation of the proposed project is planned to be executed in
two package i.e construction of STP, and lying of pipe line. Due to that the current study will focus on the
impact assessment of the implementation of the both package of project and technology compared with the case
of no implementation of the project. In order to assess in more details possible impacts during construction,
operation phase and post operation phase. Following stages and activities have been taken in consideration: 6.2 Construction stage:
The following activities are planned in the construction phase:
Laying of trunk sewer
Construction of manholes;
Preparatory works at the location of the STP at Beur and excavation works;
Transport and disposal of surplus excavated material;
Construction of the structures at STP site (civil works, use of heavy machinery and vehicles);
Disposal of construction waste;
Installation of the equipment;
Construction of accommodation facilities for the workers (water supply, sewerage, waste disposal).
The following actions are expected:
Excavation
Leveling
Concrete work
Electromechanical work
6.3 Operation stage:
In this phase, the following activities are planned:
Treatment technology/ operation of the equipment for sewerage treatment and effluent
production;
Operation of equipment for sludge production and treatment (digester, drying beds and biogas
production);
Sludge disposal on temporary storage at STP site.
Effluent recharge
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The following actions will be carried out:
Removal and Disposal of grit and Floating material
Biological Unit operation
Effluent discharge to infiltration basin
Emergency discharge to river/drain
Sludge removal and treatment
When identifying the potential impacts of a new project, the environmental impacts expected need to be
measured against the existing baseline conditions. Also, impacts may be beneficial, and occasionally both
where opposing interests or viewpoints exist. The consultant identified possible and expected impacts of the
different project activities and action in the constriction and operational phases. The EIA team assesses short-
and long-term impacts, including both direct and indirect impacts. Table-6.1 presents preliminary results
indicating the potential impacts, positive and adverse, of different project activities on the key environmental
parameters.
In general, relatively limited adverse impact can be created in different project phases. However, building of
Beur STP will have a positive environmental impact Patna City life. It is expected to produce a long-term
improvement in public health of the citizens of Patna as to significantly reduce a source of chronic water
pollution of a valuable scarce groundwater resource. Specific impacts that are anticipated or forecasted are
discussed in detail in this chapter.
6.4 Impact on ground and surface water The impact on ground is expected to be positive. The treated water can be used for irrigation purpose in nearby
agricultural area, which can be consider as recovery wells and the ground water level will improved slightly.
The immediate and one of the most beneficial impacts of the proposed treatment plant‟s construction will be
the cessation of the discharge of untreated or partially treated waste water to the holly River Ganga and also
Punpun river. As result, local environment conditions will be improved which can be expected to benefit to both
the local population and to downstream users Construction and operation of the proposed treatment plant will
make significant reductions in the existing nutrient loads from the untreated/partially treated wastewater
discharge. Also, total and fecal coli forms counts will be reduced significantly. This will have a positive
impact on bathing water quality and aquatic life including fisheries.
On the other hand, operational difficulties may be experienced at plant start-up or during Periods when
equipment malfunctions. The effluent discharged under these emergency conditions would still be an
improvement over the existing condition where raw/partially treated sewage is discharged into the river. The
temporal wastewater discharge to the river in case of emergency, will affect the downstream water quality
for short time.
6.5 Impact on Soil This section describes the range of potential soil quality impacts associated with the establishment and
operation of Beur Sewerage treatment plant. In project sites the soil varies from sandy to sandy loam in texture.
a. Construction stage
The most significant aspects in the construction phase of Beur Sewerage treatment plant and the trenching
work of laying of sewer line the soil impact are: Excavation works, road restoration, ponds construction works.
These will expose soils in the affected project areas leaving them vulnerable to erosion by surface run-off and
wind. However, the flat topography of the proposed site would tend to reduce erosive surface flows. The overall
threat could exist for the durations of construction works with the rainy season.
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On the other hand, the construction of the Sewerage treatment plant will involve building large
embankment structures on land, which will result in a loss of the option for alternative land use and thus
represents an irreversible commitment of land resources. Besides, there is high possibility for soil pollution
with substances due to leakages of fuels and oils from the heavy vehicles and machinery used for construction
and due to applied chemicals during this phase.
Vegetation is important since protect the soil from erosion by wind. Plant‟s roots help to maintain soil
structure and facilitate water infiltration. Huge quantities of sandy to sandy loam of soil, is expected to be
removed from the site and transferred to other locations. Only small amount of the excavation soil may be
used for leveling activities.
b. Operation Phase During the operation of the plant the production of sludge is considered the significant aspects disturbing
the quality of the soil. The treated sewage sludge has significant organic matter content and contains
macronutrients and micronutrients essential for plant growth. However, it can also contain potential
contaminants such as heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogens. The main environmental concern
about utilization of sewage sludge on land is the accumulation of heavy metals in soils and a possible
contamination of the food chain. Most municipal wastes, sewage sludge in particular, contain high
concentrations of mineral nutrients (N,P, Ca, etc.), but also toxic heavy metals. As heavy metals generally are
much higher concentrated in sewage sludge than commonly found in soils, the concentration of extractable
heavy metals in soils such as Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni can be increased by sludge application to soil. Moreover, the
fine particle structure of pure sewage sludge sometimes causes problems during application to soil. The fine
particles have a low water retention capacity and – beside the nutrient supply – do not improve the soil quality,
especially of sandy soils, significantly. 6.6 Air quality
6.6.1 Climate
Wastewater handling is considered a minor source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. The
existence of Beur Sewerage Treatment Plant will not have any negative effect on the microclimate of the
area. The microclimate will be improved against the climate extremities (wind and storms), by planting trees
in the neighborhood of the plant. Wastewater is treated to remove organic matter using biological processes
in which microorganisms consume the organic matter for maintenance and growth.
Microorganisms can perform this biodegradation process under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, the latter
condition producing methane (CH4). During collection and treatment, wastewater may be accidentally or
deliberately managed under anaerobic conditions. Untreated wastewater may also produce methane if
contained under anaerobic conditions. Fugitive emissions of this gas will contribute to the global climate change
thus having negative impact.
Both domestic and industrial wastewater may also be a source of nitrous oxide emissions. After processing,
treated effluent may be discharged to a receiving water environment (e.g., river, lake, estuary, etc.), applied
to soils, or disposed of below the surface. Nitrous oxide (N2O) may be generated during both nitrification
and denitrification of the nitrogen present, usually in the form of urea, ammonia, and proteins.
6.6.2 Noise The proposed project sites are located in open rural areas with no major industrial activities undertaken in the
vicinity of the sites. Current noise sources at the sites of the project are merely due to natural sources. Man made
sources include traffic noise which was negligible in the project sites due to low traffic volumes. The
construction of the treatment plant will produce significant noise levels during the construction phase. During
the operation phase, noise levels are not expected to exceed current baseline measurements.
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Construction activities will take place across the whole project components that include Sewerage
Treatment Plant, emergency overflow pipe, lying of sewer pipe line and outfall. In general, the impact
of the construction will depend on;
The proximity of the construction activities to noise sensitive receivers (NSRs);
The specific heavy equipment deployed; and
The length of time over which the construction works are taken.
Typical noise emissions from various construction equipments that may be used at the project sites are
summarized in table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Typical noise emissions of construction equipment
Equipment Typical sound pressure level in dB9A) at given distance
15 m 240m Air compressor 75-87 51-63
Backhoe 71-92 47-69
Compactor 72 48
Concrete mixture 75-88 51-64
Front loader 72-81 48-58 Generator 72-82 48-58 Grader 80-93 56-69 Pumps 70-90 44-66 Stone crusher 85-95 61-74 Tractors, Dozers 78-95 54-74 Trucks 83-93 59-69 Concrete vibrators 68-81 44-57
Effective noise management protocols would be implemented wherever applicable during
construction and operating phases of the life of this project. Besides this protocol measures, construction
work will be limited to day time periods, thus avoiding the night time which is the most noise sensitive. The
following measures should be treated as a part of the project proposal which include:
planting of buffer trees and shrubs where appropriate;
locating noisy equipments as far as possible from NSRs;
orienting equipment with high directivity to emit noise away from NSRs;
switching off unnecessary or idle equipments;
fitting of noise mufflers to mobile equipments; and
Preventive maintenance of equipment to minimize noise emissions.
In the light of the prevailing low ambient noise levels in the area surrounding the project sites, it is
inevitable that some noise disturbance will be experienced, particularly during the construction of the
emergency outfall pipe. Such impacts, although temporary and therefore reversible, are assessed to be
negative and low to moderate significance.
6.6.3 Odor
Odor is defined as "the sensation resulting from stimulation of the human sense of smell." Odor is a sensitive
subject because perception of odors is subjective. Our sensitivities and reactions to odors are influenced by
personal preferences, opinions, experiences, and the varying sensitivities of our olfactory systems. Odors are a
nuisance. The current state of knowledge suggests that it is possible for certain odorous emissions to have an
impact on physical health. The most frequently reported symptoms attributed to odors include headache,
nausea, hoarseness, cough, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, alterations in
mood, and eye, nose, and throat irritation. The process of wastewater collection, conveying or treatment has the
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potential to generate and release odors to the surrounding area. However, most odor problems occur in the
collection system, in primary treatment facilities and in solids handling facilities. In most instances, the odors
are generated as a result of an anaerobic or "septic" condition. Although there are many common odors
associated with treatment plants, H2S is the most prevalent malodorous gas associated with domestic
wastewater collection and treatment. The conditions leading to H2S formation usually favor the production
of other odorous gases, such as ammonia and mercaptants, which may have considerably higher detectable
odor thresholds, and consequently H2S may be an indicator of their presence. Exposure of receptors to levels of
hydrogen sulfide above 5ppb can lead to odor nuisance.
The CPCB, government of India has set Odor Detection Threshold in ppm (v/v) for Hydrogen sulfide is
0.00047. The processes of proposed Beur Sewerage Treatment Plant, wastewater potential sources of foul
Odor are the primary treatment facilities and solids handling facilities. The proposed wastewater treatment
tanks are not expected to produce odors. This is due to the use of aeration process thus preventing septic
conditions. The treatment plant site and proposed infiltration basins are located in rural agricultural area where
manure is applied periodically for agricultural purposes. This fact makes any produced odor would not increase
the background odor concentrations. The odor produced has low negative impact. Odor is expected to be
produced at pretreatment part in case of inappropriate handling of grit/grease removal.
6.6.4 Air Quality Impacts
This section addresses the proposed project‟s impact on air quality, both during construction and upon
completion of the project. Air quality impacts can be classified as either direct or indirect. Direct air
quality impacts result from emissions generated by stationary sources at a project or potential development
site such as emissions from fuel burned at a site for driving any equipment at the site. Indirect air quality
impacts result from emissions from offsite stationary sources and mobile sources generated by the project.
a. Construction Phase Construction activities related to the Proposed Project will result in limited short-term air quality impacts.
There will be fugitive dust generated during the site preparation and construction phases of the Project. The
potential impact from these fugitive dust emissions will be minimized by following the appropriate preventive
measures listed in the mitigation section below. Vehicular emissions from construction equipment and
construction worker vehicles are anticipated to have very minimal short- term impacts. None of the short-term
construction related impacts are expected to cause a tangible increase on air pollution of the area.
b. Operation Phase
The only long term air quality impact that may be created by the Proposed Project results from the potential
increase in project-related exhaust emissions. The primary pollutants associated with vehicular exhaust
emissions are NOx and CO. The Proposed Project will not increase traffic volumes, reduce source-
receptor distances or change other existing conditions to such a degree as to increase air pollutants emissions.
No long term impacts to air quality are anticipated. 6.7 Socio-Economic Impacts
No private land is required for construction of STP or laying of sewer pipeline. The proposed STP will be
constructed near existing site old STP and required land is already available with Implementing Agency
(EA). In such a condition any long term Socio-economic negative impact is very unlikely except short term
inconvenience.
During construction there will be disruption of the small vendors business but like to shift on the other side
of the road. The STP will be constructed on existing STP site hence no displacement or acquisition has been
anticipated. The Pumping station is not proposed so it also not warned any land acquisition. Due to the
excavation work which will take place on the main roads of the city, there will be a disturbance in the traffic
movement in congestion area. People may suffer some inconvenience during the morning and evening peak
hours. This issue is discussed in the DPR, and suggests de-routing of the traffic as the mitigation measure.
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The excavation and tunneling work will lead to road blockage and as a result the commercial establishments
and vendors will have some trouble in operating their business on daily basis. But there will be no loss of
livelihood. Ambulatory vendors can very well shift their place as and when required. So, overall no loss of
livelihood has been reported during the survey.
As per anecdotal evidence gathered in the field visit, most shop-owners and mobile vendors are welcoming
the sewage project implementation as they see a direct benefit of improved living and working conditions.
They are aware of, and prepared to face temporary inconveniences caused by construction if the project is
implemented in a timely manner. However, the same respondent felt that they had little confidence in the
ability of the agency to execute a project in an efficient manner. They had grievances 6.8 Social Economic Benefits of the Project
It is expected that the Project will have positive impacts on the local populations during both construction and
operation phases.
a. During construction Phase
The Project will create short-term construction jobs and incomes for local population, including poor people. The
construction of the new Beur STP and its associated facilities will have positive economic effect through
employment generation. During the construction phase, services of local subcontractors will be use which will
generate job opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in addition to services of engineers and others.
Around 750 working days will be generated during the construction phase for different levels of employ.
Economical benefits to local communities expected to increase through procurement of local construction
materials from the local market.
b. During project Operational Phase The Project will have economic, social and health and environment benefits to local communities. Economic
benefits include creating more than 100 long-term employment opportunities and increasing incomes for
population. Social benefits include comfort brought about through improvement of natural environment and
scenes. Moreover, health and environmental benefits can be achieved through improvement of groundwater
quality and reduction of sickness rate and death rate of the diseases due to groundwater pollution. It
includes reduced health risks and reduced adverse effects on human health and associated loss of working time,
medical costs and so on.
A positive social effect is that the proposed site is far from any neighborhoods and thus will cause the least
disruption to the quality of life of local residents.
The produced treated wastewater can be considered as additional water resource and it is expected to be used in
irrigating specific agricultural crops, which could improve the socio-economical situation in the project vicinity.
6.9 Cultural heritage: No cultural resources have been identified within immediate project influence area as a result of any cultural
resource surveys. However, the capital city Patna has versatile cultural history and during excavation work the
possibility of find-chance cannot be ignored.
In general, excavation and other construction-related activities could cause significant impacts to the scientific
value of the historical resources, unique archaeological resources, or traditional cultural properties that may
be in the Project area. But the construction of STP will not cause adverse effects to historical resources,
including unique archaeological resources.
To conclude, construction and operation of the proposed STP and will not adversely affect the historic
resource located in project city. The site has been chosen to avoid historic resources defined in the regional plan
and the general plans.
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6.10 Biological Impacts
6.10.1 Flora:
The biodiversity of the project area is not rich with forest tree species, shrubs and annual or seasonal grasses. In
the neighboring agriculture include rice, wheat, maize, seasonal vegetable etc. During the construction phase of
the treatment plant the plant cover at the site will be removed. During the operational phase of the STP, the
discharged effluents will be infiltrated to the aquifer and could be used in irrigation of specified crops within the
area.
6.10.2 Fauna:
The fauna in the project area consists of birds, some rodents, and snakes. During the construction phase of
the STP, these animals will be disturbed and their habitat affected. The physical existence of the plant might
scare the birds from nesting around the site. Effluent of the STP will have a minor impact on the soil
microorganisms, particularly beyond the immediate vicinity of the plant. In dry season, the plant effluents can
become a water source for the wild animals and birds.
6.11 The Impact of the No-Action to the Proposed Project Establishment of new STP at Beur will have positive environmental impacts. It is unlikely that it will pollute the
air, the soil, or contaminate the aquifers in the area. However, if the proposed STP is not established, the
wastewater of many area of Beur Zone from the septic tanks and the sewerage collection system will
continue discharging raw sewage into the nature and this will exert negative effects on the local environment
and continue to create health problems. The No Action Alternative would see the continued release of
untreated sewage into nearby available area, exacerbating the deterioration of soil and water quality. This is
due to the acceleration load of organic and inorganic substances, which are streaming to the river and
groundwater with the increasing wastewater flow. The existing living environmental problems will become
more sever and may inhibit economic and social development of the area in the medium and long term: Degradation of the environment and reverse negative developments
Depletion of the aquifer
Dramatic decrease of both quantity and quality of the groundwater
Degradation of the river water bathing quality and biodiversity
Degradation of health situation and increase of water related diseases due to poor sanitation system.
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7.0 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
7.1 Evaluation Methodology
The purpose of impact evaluation is to assign relative significance to the predicted impacts associated
with the project, and thus determine the order in which impacts are to be avoided, mitigated or
compensated. The following points summarized the main objectives of impact evaluation:
Distinguish between impacts that are of most concern (need to be avoided, mitigated or
Compensated) and those that are considered to be less important;
Organize measures of significance in a way that allows a comparison of alternative project
proposals;
Facilitate the communication of results to the concerned public and to decision makers.
This task cannot be undertaken by a single individual or experts.
The evaluation process has been carried out in two stages. First, one should predict the nature of the
impact itself, i.e., its magnitude, and then its relative value to the appropriate group. In the first stage,
one relies on scientific and/or specialized knowledge. In the second stage, one is concerned with the
relative values of the society or segments of it. This latter stage involves value judgments and is not
necessarily based on scientific knowledge. However, these values should be based on a survey of
constituencies in order to determine the preferences of the affected groups. Thus, value judgments
form an integral part of assigning significance.
Depending on the particular environmental component, evaluation of the significance of predicted
impacts can be approached in different ways. For example, changes in air and water quality can be
assessed against established quality and health standards, whereas changes in land use, flora and
fauna, or scenic conditions are more difficult to evaluate.
Key elements for assessing impact significance are:
Level of public concern (particularly over health and safety)
Scientific and professional judgment
Disturbance/disruption of valued ecological systems
Degree of negative impact on social values and quality of life
Public perception versus the scientific/professional opinion of the risks/benefits involved
7.2 Physical Environment
7.2.1 Groundwater
During operation of the STP, there is a possibility for pollution of the groundwater due to leakages of
the system for sewage treatment, sewer pipes and effluent production, leakages of the system for
sludge production, and due to refueling of the vehicles and washing of the vehicles at the site. These
impacts are assessed as negative with very low significance considering that the Beur STP site is
characterized with thick clay top layer.
On the other hand, operation of The Beur STP will have large positive impact on the quality of the
groundwater, as there will be no infiltration of wastewater into the groundwater by cesspits.
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Mitigation:
a. System for the treatment of the wastewater and effluent production should ensure
minimization of leakages of wastewater to groundwater (connections between pipes and tanks
should be water-tight)
b. Refueling of vehicles and equipment on the site shall be strictly controlled; washing of
vehicles and equipment on the site shall be restricted;
c. The system for the sludge production should ensure minimization of leakages of sludge to
groundwater (connections between pipes and tanks should be water-tight);
d. All requirements for construction of the sludge drying beds, especially for providing water
impermeable basis, efficient drainage system for leachate and flood protection structures
must be respected;
e. To provide water impermeable basis and flood protection structures on the location for the
temporary disposal of the sludge with dangerous substances and measurements of leachate
should be taken.
7.2.2 River water and Environment
In case of emergency where operational difficulties may be experienced, the untreated/partially treated
wastewater would need to be bypassed directly into the river. This would produce adverse impacts
on the river water quality and fish and other biota during the period of the release and for a short
period. This is considered a low significant impact due to the short time of disposal.
Mitigation:
a. Regular testing of the effluent wastewater to ensure better quality.
b. Installing standby electrical generator in case of energy shortages
c. Disinfection dose of the effluent should be increased during emergency cases in order to
reduce pathogenic bacteria.
d. Prevent fishing, swimming and recreation around the outfall. The prevented area should be
identified according to regular testing of effluent and river water quality.
e. Maintaining equipment in good operating order.
7.2.3 Soil Vegetation clearance, internal road construction/ road restoration, excavation works, and pond
construction works will expose soils in the affected project areas leaving them vulnerable to erosion by
surface run-off limited quantities of soil will be excavated during the construction phase of the
treatment plant. If it coincides with the rainy season, this will cause soil erosion at the site. Leveling at
the plant site can create soil disturbances, erosion problems and dusty conditions.
The reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation will improve the fertility of agricultural lands of the
area. Nevertheless, when unsatisfactorily treated effluents are released, these might contaminate the
soils. If the grease and sludge are not properly handled and managed, they can contaminate the
nearby soils and create unsightly conditions.
Mitigation:
a. The staff of the plant will be trained for proper management of greases, to avoid soil
contamination.
b. Periodic tests will be done to assure the quality of effluent wastewater, to avoid partially
treated wastewater to reach the soils.
c. Excavated soil will be utilized for landscaping and then tree planting purposes.
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7.2.4 Aesthetic and Landscape Effect The Beur STP will not have any significant impact on landscape as the plant itself will not be visible
from any housing units, nor from most of the neighboring areas.
Mitigation:
a. Great care has to be given to the outfall and the general aesthetics and landscaping.
b. Care has to be given to the STP Plant‟s general aesthetics: essentially it will be hidden from
view by green vegetation, which will be kept neat and clean. The effluent wastewater of the
STP will be utilized for planting trees at the STP site.
7.2.5 Air Quality
a. Dust:
It can be anticipated that a certain amount of air borne particulate matter (dust) will be generated by
earth moving activities during pond construction and during off loading of materials. This situation
will be worse during the dry season and during the afternoons when the winds are most prevalent.
Air borne particulates may pose a hazard to residents in the vicinity or downwind of the construction
site that suffer from upper respiratory tract problems. Otherwise it may only be a nuisance.
Theimpact of dusting is short-term, lasting for the duration of the construction activity, but it may
be severe if it causes significant health problems.
Mitigation:
a. Access roads and exposed ground should be regularly wetted in a manner that effectively
keeps down the dust.
b. Stockpiles of fine materials should be wetted or covered with tarp (sheet) during windy
conditions.
c. Transportation of fine material should be covered.
d. Workers on the site should be issued with dust masks during dry and windy conditions.
e. Unnecessary vehicular trips will be controlled.
b Noise:
The use of heavy equipment during site clearance and road construction works will inevitably
generate noise but this should not be of any consequence to adjacent communities that are located
sufficiently far away as to not be affected. The remoteness of the site should help to ameliorate
noises.
Mitigation:
a. If necessary, local residents should be given notice of intended noisy activities so as to reduce
degree of annoyances.
b. Workers operating equipment that generates noise should be equipped with noise protection
gear. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 80 dBA continuously
for 8 hours or more should use earmuffs. Workers experiencing prolonged noise levels of 70
– 80 dBA should wear earplugs.
c. O d o r
Wastewater treatment plant carry a risk of odor nuisance if proper buffers between the treatment
units and existing populations are not provided. Whereas one of the main sources causing odor is
scum, overloading of the ponds will also result in odor problems because the treatment capacity will
have been exceeded. Wind action on the ponds can also cause odors. Odor is best controlled by
proper design and the nuisance risk is reduced by proper alignment of the ponds. The size of the
ponds will result in some degree of wave action. The wind is the effective source of aeration through
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surface mixing, but too much wind action can disturb bottom sediments and also create an odor
problem. The scum could be treated as a solid waste and could be taken to a Sanitary Landfill, after
appropriate arrangements are made with the Solid Waste management Authority. Alternatively, the
scum should be solar dried, stabilized and then disposed of or utilized as with the sludge.
Mitigation:
a. Ensure appropriate covering/ventilation of the pretreatment unit.
b. Ensure appropriate handling and removal of grit/grease.
c. Ensure proper sizing and alignment of the ponds.
d. Ensure scum is appropriately disposed of or properly stabilized.
e. Monitor and ensure that influent sulphate levels (e.g. below 240 mg/l).
f. Ensure that the pond series have adequate water flow and aeration to reduce the potential of
odor formation.
g. The perimeter of the proposed site will be vegetated with trees and plants of varying heights
thereby forming a windbreaker.
7.3 Biological Environment
7.3.1 Loss of natural habitats
Approximately 3.5 hectares of land will be cleared of all vegetation. As previously discussed, the
sections of the site proposed for construction are primarily exposed (open) grassland. As a result,
there are no significantly important floral species or vegetation communities that would be
negatively impacted by site clearance and construction practices. Similarly, negative impacts on
avifauna, associated with the loss of onsite vegetation/habitat, are expected to be insignificant. As
previously mentioned under, diverse and abundant avifauna does not use the project site for nesting,
breeding or feeding.
Mitigation:
Tree planting will enhance biodiversity at the site. Trees will attract many bird species and other
Animalspecies.
7.3.2 Deterioration of flora and fauna
No rare, endangered or endemic terrestrial plant or fauna species were observed during the site visit as
well as from secondary sources/other published literature and there was nothing untowardly special
about the vegetation on the project site from either an ecological or commercial point of view.
With this in mind, the proposed development will not have a significant negative impact on the
vegetation observed at the site. There are no sensitive, nor any unusual species of fauna or flora in
the site area; this area is indeed primarily devoted to agriculture. In general, the vegetation
encountered at the nodes varied from agricultural crops to trees to herbs and shrubs and were of no
significant importance. Care should be taken in assessing the area for pipe laying where large trees
are encountered as the extent of their root system may pose a problem. In areas where large trees are
encountered, the other side consisting of herbs and shrubs may prove to be more suitable for clearing.
Mitigation:
Reduction of the number of trips and working time of vehicles on site and other measures will
contribute in the mitigation of the impact on the species that are found at the vicinity of the plant.
7.4 Socio-Economic Environment
7.4.1 Cultural Heritage and archaeological resources
The nearest historical site is more than 2km far from the STP. The project implementation will not
affect adversely the historical sites. However, archaeological remains could be discovered during
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construction activities.
Mitigation:
a. Monitoring of site excavations
b. In case of finding information or signs about archeological sites, the concerned agency
should be informed.
7.4.2 Employment Opportunities
Several categories of employees will be required during the construction phase. This will include
skilled and unskilled labors, engineers, and a small number of other professionals. These levels of
short-term employment would have a positive impact on the local economy and on regional
unemployment. Moreover, the project operation will provide employment for several persons. This
would represent a positive long-term significant impact.
Mitigation:
No mitigation measure is required.
7.4.3 Public Health and Safety
There is the possibility of mosquito/flies breeding in the open /other ponds and channels of the STP,
which can cause nuisance to the people during the summer months. Also possible accidents,
drawings and injuries for residents and workers can be considered a significant negative impact.
Occurrence of fire is not possible unless the system does not function properly and create explosive
situations. On the other hand, the establishment of a treatment of wastewater will minimize/eliminate
the spread of water related diseases, prevent risks of contamination of the soil and groundwater and
contribute in the preservation of the quality of the environment.
a. At proposed STP site fencing is required.
b. Proper training of workers, and use of proper protective clothing.
c. A first aid room with trained staff, which is able to coordinate with local hospitals in case of
emergencies
d. Fire extinguishing equipment will be installed at the treatment plant. Actually, the treated
effluents of the plant will be used in case of fire. In addition, chemical fire extinguishers will be
made available at the project site.
e. Usually mosquitoes do not travel more than 500m from their breeding sites. This will
minimize the occurrence of nuisance for the residents. On the other hand, during the
summer months some bio-enzymes will be used for suppressing the mosquito breeding.
f. The biogas release valves will be checked and maintained periodically.
7.4.4 Land use planning The construction of a sewerage treatment plant will involve building large embankment structures on
what is a green field site. This will result in a loss of the options for alternative land use and thus
represents an irreversible commitment of land resources. Although the loss of optional uses for the
land in the future is considered to be a negative impact but not considered significant.
Mitigation:
No mitigation measure is required.
7.5 Energy consumption
The incremental demand on electricity for Beur STP should be within the affordable capacity of the
local electrical system. The expansion of the electrical system if needed should therefore, should not
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cause any supply shortages to local residents. However, this increased demand will commensurately
increase the electrical utility's use of fossil fuel to generate that electricity, and thus the project will
indirectly incur minor negative impacts associated with greenhouse emissions.
Mitigation:
1. Mitigation measures relate to improving energy management and conservation practices.Sub-
meters and real-time energy monitoring equipment, timers, photoelectric cells, thermostats, etc.
should be installed.
2. Install translucent shades and fluorescent lighting.
7.6 Construction waste disposal
Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include cut vegetation
and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding and forms, bags,
waste earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and surrounding
environment if not properly managed and disposed of at an approved dumpsite. Cleared vegetation
burnt onsite would generate smoke, possibly impacting negatively on ambient air quality and human
health. Vegetation and solid waste, if allowed to accumulate in drainage ways, could cause localized
pooling and flooding. Pooling of water, in turn, would create conditions conducive to the breeding of
nuisance and health-threatening pests such as mosquitoes. Poor construction waste management
constitutes a short-term negative impact.
Mitigation:
a. A site waste management plan should be prepared by the contractor prior to commencement of
construction works. This should include designation of appropriate waste storage areas,
collection and removal schedule, identification of approved disposal site, and a system for
supervision and monitoring.
b. Vegetation and combustible waste must not be burned on the site.
c. Reusable i n o r g a n i c waste (e.g. excavated s a n d /clay) should be stockpiled away
from drainage features and used for in filling where necessary.
d. Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction
material, must be disposed of at an approved dumpsite.
7.7 Reuse of treated wastewater and sludge The treated wastewater effluent from the Beur STP is expected to meet the national requirements.
The Beur STP improvements have been designed to produce effluent quality that would comply with
the effluent limits anticipated for crop irrigation. Implementation of the Project would result in
enabling seasonal irrigation of agricultural lands with disinfected treated wastewater. Potential Impact
of Sludge and irrigation by treated WW can be summarized as follow:
a. Potential pollution of the raw eaten crops
b. Children are often present on the farms and fallen fruit may be picked off the ground.
c. Labors and farmers at farms that are irrigated by treated wastewater or fertilized by sludge
may be subjected to some danger pathogens.
Mitigation:
a. Specific regulation shall be followed to control the use of treated wastewater in irrigation
according to the quality of treated wastewater and according to soil structure.
b. No sludge to be used without sufficient treatment
c. Public awareness program for the neighboring communities should be conducted
d. Provide workers with appropriate protective clothing including rubber gloves, boots, long
sleeved shirts and pants.
e. train workers to wash hands and faces frequently with soap and water and make both
available
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8.0 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 Environmental Management Plan
Summarizes the generic environmental management plan for low category investment that identifies
the potential issues of various activities that are anticipated in the design and development,
construction, and operation phases of the proposed sewer work and STP in Beur area Patna. The
Project Components Includes:
a) Beur STP of capacity 43 mld.;
b) Sewerage network approx 180 km
The environmental management plan ensures to suggest appropriate mitigation measure against the
issues/ concerns identified during the environmental and social assessment study.
In general, the BUIDCO (with assistance from DBO Operator and Independent
Engineer/Supervision Consultant) is the responsible entity for ensuring that the mitigation measures
as suggested in the ESMP. The roles and responsibilities of the involved institutes are described
below.
8.1.2 Implementation of EMP Specific activities by BUIDCO
The role of BUIDCO in the implementation of EMP involves the following activities:
8.1.3 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator
The operator shall implement the mitigation measures as recommended in EMP attached to the bid
document.
8.1.4 Implementation of EMP
The DBO Operator shall have prime responsibility to implement the EMP. “The DBO engineer”
shall monitor the compliance of the EMP. DBO engineer and BUIDCo will have secondary
responsibility for implementation of EMP.
The Operator shall ensure that:
Ensure that sewer laying process does not create hazardous movement situation. Also ensure that
public is pre-warned about the activities, construction area is barricaded, all debris is well managed
causing minimum inconvenience to public and other measures are implemented as indicated under
EMP.
Specific area shall be earmarked for intermittent storage of biodegradable and non-biodegradable
waste at SPS site.
Tree plantation (minimum two row) shall be made on the periphery of SPS to prevent spread of
bad odour and undertake landscaping to enhance aesthetic at SPS locations.
Feedback from the local residents can also be taken from time to time to cross check the contractor‟s
report. Project management consultants should make inspection visits at construction site to check the
implementation of Environment Management Plan as per the contract. Broad Institutional arrangement for
implementation of EMP is shown in figure 8.1 below:
Revised EIA Report of Design Construction, Operation and; maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna, Bihar under NGRBA
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EIA of Beur Sewerage System 86 | P a g e
Managing Director
Scheme Implementation Team (including EMP and R&R implementation)
BUIDCo
Project Manager
(Contractor)
Environmental Officer
(Contractor)
Team Leader
(Supervision Consultant)
Environmental Expert
(Supervision Consultant)
State Pollution
Control Board
GM (Tech) GM (Works) GM (Admin.)
CGM
FIGURE- 8.1: ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP
The Environmental Management Plan during the Design, Construction and Operation stages of the project are given
in table 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 for Beur STP, Beur sewerage zone respectively.
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Table 8.1: Environmental Management Plan for Beur STP Project (47 MLD)
Activity Potential Negative
Impact/Concern Duration
of impact Mitigation Measures Responsible agency
A. Design and Development Phase
Sewage
Treatment plant Treated water
disposal into
nearby
stream
Pollution of received water
body ( river) or land due to
inefficient treatment or non-
operation of STP
Temporary The treated water quality shall comply
with the prescribed standards of the bid
document and other applicable
conditions of consent to establish issued
by the state pollution control board.
Selection of best available sewage
treatment technology with High BOD
removal efficiency.
Ensuring development and compliance
to standard operation and maintenance
practices.
Provision of effective screening at inlet
of STP for removal of grit, fine plastics
and other suspended solids
Provision of effective separation and
controlled disposal of digested sludge
Provision effective disinfection before
discharge of treated water for irrigation
or to river
DBO Operator
STP
Breakdown Discharge of untreated
sewage leading river
pollution.
Temporary Provision of adequate holding capacity
adequate for storage of sewage to
prevent flow of untreated sewage to
river.
DBO Operator
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Flooding due
to rain water
run off
Rain water may flood the
STP area in absence of
adequate provision of
diverting rain water flow
towards STP from periphery
area.
Temporary Suitable drainage provision shall be
made to divert the rain water likely to be
accumulated from peripheral catchment
area of STP, to natural drainage stream
or area.
DBO Operator
Sludge
disposal Disposal of sludge leading
to contamination of land
and water.
Permanent Efficient Sludge dewatering with
minimum land involvement shall be
adopted.
Provision shall be made for intermittent
storage of digested sludge at STP site.
The digested sludge shall be utilised as
manure or disposed to suitable site as
approved by DBO engineer. If disposal
is made for land fill, the site shall be
located away from habitation and water
bodies and shall be pre-approved by
concerned authorities like Municipal
corporation, Pollution Control Board or
urban development authority.
DBO Operator
Provision for
safety of
workers and
safe
operation of
STPs
Accidents leading to injury
or death of workers ( Fall of workers from
Height, Fall into deep water
tanks, Short Circuiting)
Accidental slip, trip and fall
in walk ways or work areas
Fire
Exposure to toxic gas such
as chlorine
Permanent Ensure adequate provision of Handrails
on both sides of walkways close to
deeper tanks and STPs need to be
ensured;
All electric switches ( including unit
specific on-off switches installed at
respective units ) and panels should have
adequate protection from rain water to
prevent short circuiting
Proper earthling with installation of
earth circuit breakers shall be made
DBO Operator
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Walk ways designs shall be made with
proper slope to avoid accumulation of
rain water. Material handling and
storage shall be so designed that walk
way surface remains free from wet or oil
surface situation to prevent slips, trip or
fall accidents.
Provision of interlock system to either
stop STP or divert untreated effluent to
holding tanks in case of short circuiting,
or mall functioning of STP
Prepare emergency preparedness plan
including identification of assembly area
in case of fire Location of
STP Noise/Odour/fly nuisance
hazards to neighbouring
areas.
Cutting of Trees
Permanent Ensure minimum noise generation; at
pump station in STP
Minimize Tree cutting if involved.
Tree plantation of at least two rows
around the periphery of STP site and
landscaping to prevent spread of bad
odour with large canopy/ broad leaves
trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak,
Sal, etc.
Accumulated sludge and solid waste to
be cleared within 24 hours and spraying
of suitable herbicides on accumulated
sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.
DBO Operator
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B. Construction phase
Sewage
treatment
plant
Excavation Loss of topsoil due to
excavation activities. Temporary The existing STP shall not be
demolished till alternate arrangement for
treatment of existing sewage is made to
ensure that untreated sewage is not
discharged to river.
Excavation shall be planned in such a
manner that such that no damage occurs
to existing structures.
Top soil should be separately stockpiled
and utilized for green belt development
or landscaping after completion of work
DBO Operator
Construction waste Temporary All the associated construction waste
should be properly managed by storing
and disposing off at suitable refusal sites
approved by DBO engineer.
DBO Operator
Nuisance due to domestic solid
waste disposal Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-
recyclable wastes.
Ensure that recyclable and non-
recyclable wastes are collected in
segregated manner in theses bins
before disposal. Recyclable material
should be sold. Non-recyclable material
should be disposed to designated land
fill area of the city.
Provide adequate sanitation facility for
workers at construction sites.
DBO Operator
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Dust Generation due to
construction activities Temporary Excavated material transported by
trucks will be covered and/or wetted to
prevent dust nuisance.
Suppressing dust generation by spraying
water on stockpiles and unpaved
movement areas
Water sprinkling over excavated areas,
unpaved movement areas and
stockpiles.
Transportation of loose construction
material through covered trucks.
Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets)
around the construction area for
containing dust spread.
Construction equipment must comply
with pollution norms and carry Pollution
Under Control certificate.
DBO Operator
Temporary flooding due to
uneven dumping of
construction waste
Temporary The construction waste material should
be stored on the higher areas of the site
and or areas where water may
accumulate creating flooding like
situation
DBO Operator
Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if
required) at a place away from any
drainage channel/nalla preferably to be
stored in drums mounted on a concrete
paved platform with slop draining to
small spills collection pit.
DBO Operator
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5 http://moef.gov.in/citizen/specinfo/noise.html
Noise and vibration
disturbances to residents and
businesses
Temporary Construction activities to be carried out
in day time with prior intimation to local
residents and shop keepers.
Use of low noise and vibrating
equipment (such as enclosed generators
with mufflers, instruments with built in
vibration dampening and improved
exhaust), to meet standards as
prescribed by CPCB5.
Provision of protective equipment (PPE)
like ear muffs and plugs for construction
workers. .
Provision of noise barriers as feasible in
inhabited areas, particularly near
sensitive zones like hospitals, schools
etc.
DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.
DBO Operator
Construction
camps Sanitation Nuisance due to absence of
facility of sanitation and solid
waste management
Temporary Labour camp if provided, must have
adequate provision of shelter, water
supply, sanitation and solid waste
management
DBO Operator
General:
safety
during
construction
Safety and
Health Hazard Safety hazards to labours and
public. Workers are seen to
working without any PPE even
at height.
Temporary Comply with the Occupational health
and Safety act of India
Ensure that the contact details of the
police or security company and
ambulance services nearby to the site.
Ensure that the handling of equipment
and materials is supervised and
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adequately instructed.
Follow safe practices for working at
height or confined area or underground
working for safety of workers
Erect warning signs/ tapes and
temporary barriers and/or danger tape,
marking flags, lights and flagmen
around the exposed construction works
warn the public and traffic flow of the
inherent dangers.
Provide adequate PPE to workers such
as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust
masks, gumboots, etc. to workers
Provide handrails on both sides of
walkways close to deeper tanks and
STPs need to be ensured;
Smaller on and off switches at STP units
to be installed with protection from rain
water to minimize electrical short
circuit;
Monthly reporting of all accidents and
immediate reporting to DBO engineer
and owner.
C. Operation phase
Sewage
treatment
plant
Treatment and
Disposal of Treated
Water and Sludge
River, land or ground water
pollution due to discharge of
untreated or partially treated
sewage due to inadequate or
inefficient STP operations.
Temporary Monitor the treated sewage quality
and ensure compliance with PCB
standards for effluent disposal into
surface water bodies, on land or for
the agricultural use.
Follow standard operating procedures
DBO Operator
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for operation and maintenance.
Undertake periodic audit as per these
procedures.
Comply with all applicable condition
of consent to operate
Quarterly monitoring of influent
sewage, treated sewage, upstream and
downstream point of treated sewage
disposal point to river Problems arising due to bad
odour, insects, polluted air, Temporary Maintain the green belt as per
provision of design to prevent spread
of bad odour with large canopy/ broad
leaves trees like Sesum, Neem,
Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.
Accumulated sludge and solid waste
to be cleared within 24 hours and
spraying of suitable herbicides on
accumulated sludge/solid waste to
reduce odour.
Quarterly monitoring of Ambient Air
Quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5,
Sox and NOx, CO and Odour at three
locations ( at STP site, minimum 500
m away from STP site in up-wind and
down-wind direction of STP area.
DBO Operator
Increase in Ambient Noise
Level and discomfort to
neighbouring people
Temporary Proper handling and regular
maintenance of operating machines
including pumps, generators, air
diffusers, etc.
Quarterly Monitoring of Ambient
Noise level to check compliance to
DBO Operator
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standards.
Quarterly monitoring of ambient noise
levels ( day and night) at same
locations as of ambient air monitoring Indiscriminate disposal of
sludge leading to
contamination of land and
soil.
Temporary Prepares sludge disposal plan as per
desire stage provisions and guidelines
and adhere to the same.
Ensure proper functioning of STP for
digestion of sludge and ensure
adequate functioning of dewatering
units for efficient functioning of
system
DBO Operator
River, land or ground water
pollution due to discharge of
untreated or partially treated
sewage due to inadequate or
inefficient STP operations.
Temporary Ensure compliance with PCB
standards for effluent disposal into
surface water bodies, on land or for
the agricultural use.
Follow standard operating procedures
for operation and maintenance.
Undertake periodic audit as per these
procedures.
Comply with all applicable condition
of consent to operate
DBO Operator
General
Safety Workers exposure to hazardous
materials/situations
Serious/health/ safety
hazards
Temporary Ensure availability of PPE for
maintenance workers.
Follow safety measures and
Emergency preparedness plan evolved
at design stage
DBO Operator
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Table- 8.2: Environmental Management Plan for Beur Sewerage Project
Activity Potential Negative
Impact/Concern Duration
of impact Mitigation Measures Responsible
Agency
Sewerage and Sanitation Investments
A. Design and Development Phase Sewerage
Network (
Trunk
Sewer
Line)
Accidental
leakages/
bursts
Due to accidental burst
or leakage of sewers,
flooding of the nearby
areas
Backlogging due to
unexpected heavy flow
rates
Temporary Designing sewers with adequate capacity and flow velocity
Provision for Regular inspection and maintenance of the sewers Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness plan
DBO
Operator
Sewage
Pumping
Station
Location of
Sewage
Pumping
Station and Pumping of
sewage to STP
Noise and odour
nuisance hazards to
neighboring areas.
Cutting of Trees
Permanent
Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in SPS by use
of less noise generating equipment meeting prescribed noise
standards as applicable and enclosed generators.
Minimize Tree cutting if involved.
Tree plantation of at least two row around the periphery of SPS
site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour with large
canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal,
etc.
Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at short
intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated
sludge/solid waste to reduce odour. Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when
not in use;
DBO
Operator
B. Construction phase
Sewerage
(laying of
Excavation,
cutting, back
Damage to underground
utilities like water, gas line,
Temporary Identify existing underground other utility structures, lines through
available records and in consultation with concerned authorities
DBO
Operator
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sewers) and
Sewage
Pumping
station
filling,
compaction
and
construction
operations
electricity and telephone
conduits, etc. due to
construction activities. Management of Intercepted
Ground Water
and plan construction activities accordingly to minimize damage
to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in
excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and
protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is
complete and settlement has taken place.
Accidents/ damages due to
erosion/ sliding of vertical
sides of excavated trenches
while places the pipes
Temporary Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides by placing
sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks, bracing, piles, or other
materials
Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized. Exposed
surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping
sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain
safely at rest.
DBO
Operator
Generation of substantial
debris, top soil and muck
during construction
Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for agricultural
purpose or development of city parks.
Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and
landscaping;
Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas
after placing the trunk sewer lines.
DBO
Operator
Dust Generation ( Air
Pollution) due to
excavation, cutting, back
filling and compaction
operations
Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas
and stockpiles.
Transportation of loose construction material through covered
trucks.
Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area
for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site.
Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and
carry Pollution Under Control certificate.
DBO
Operator
Noise and vibration
disturbances to residents
and businesses
Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior
intimation to local residents and shop keepers.
Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out
during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on
priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of
DBO
Operator
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traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.).
Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed
noise standards.
Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs
for construction workers. .
Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near
sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.
DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure. Temporary flooding due to
excavation during
monsoons or blockage of
surface drains
Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms;
Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in storm water
run-off channels and erosion;
DBO
Operator
Increased traffic
inconvenience (emissions,
congestions, longer travel
times, blockage of access)
Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in consultation with
concerned traffic police authorities. Proper traffic planning be
made for narrow lane areas.
Work should to be completed on priority near business and market
place to minimize business loss.
Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts
at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these
places during construction.
Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to
facilitate normal life and business
DBO
Operator
Settlement of backfilled
area after construction Temporary The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum products,
slag, cinders, ash or other material.
Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying
of sewer.
Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original
level of alignment and grade.
DBO
Operator
Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away
from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums
mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small
spills collection pit.
DBO
Operator
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Nuisance due to solid waste
disposal Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.
Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste are collected in
segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable
material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be
disposed for designated land fill area of the city.
Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction
sites.
DBO
Operator
General:
safety
during
constructio
n
Accidents Safety hazards to labours
and public Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India
Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company
and ambulance services nearby to the site.
Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised
and adequately instructed.
Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger
tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed
construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent
dangers.
Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets, safety shoes,
gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to
DBO engineer and owner.
DBO
Operator
C. Operation phase
Sewer line Leakage/
overflows Water pollution and
possibility of mixing with
water supply line
Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for visible
leakages/ overflows.
Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the leakages. Restore
the sewer and other utility services if damaged due to leakages.
DBO
Operator
Sewage
Pumping
Station
Waste
Handling Bad odour, Health hazard
and public nuisance
Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to
minimize odor nuisance
Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal
site as approved by DBO engineer.
DBO
Operator
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Table- 8.3: Environmental Management Plan for Beur Sewerage Project
General
Safety Workers
exposure to
toxic gases in sewers and
hazardous
materials
during sewer
maintenance
work
Serious/health/ safety
hazards
The toxic gases are likely
to contract
communicable diseases
from exposure to
pathogens present in the
sewage.
Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer line will be
adequately vented to ensure that no toxic or hazardous gases are
present in the line.
Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.
Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan prepared at
design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to
DBO engineer and owner.
DBO
Operator
Activity Potential Negative
Impact/Concern Duration
of impact Mitigation Measures Responsible
Agency
Sewerage and Sanitation Investments
A. Design and Development Phase
Sewerage
Network (
Trunk
Sewer
Line)
Accidental
leakages/
bursts
Due to accidental burst
or leakage of sewers,
flooding of the nearby
areas
Backlogging due to
unexpected heavy flow
rates
Temporary Designing sewers with adequate capacity and flow velocity
Provision for Regular inspection and maintenance of the sewers Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness plan
DBO
Operator
Sewage
Pumping
Station
Location of
Sewage
Pumping
Station and Pumping of
Noise and odour
nuisance hazards to
neighboring areas.
Cutting of Trees
Permanent
Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in SPS by use
of less noise generating equipment meeting prescribed noise
standards as applicable and enclosed generators.
Minimize Tree cutting if involved.
Tree plantation of at least two row around the periphery of SPS
DBO
Operator
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sewage to STP site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour with large
canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal,
etc.
Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at short
intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated
sludge/solid waste to reduce odour. Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when
not in use;
B. Construction phase
Sewerage
(laying of
sewers) and
Sewage
Pumping
station
Excavation,
cutting, back
filling,
compaction
and
construction
operations
Damage to underground
utilities like water, gas line,
electricity and telephone
conduits, etc. due to
construction activities.
Temporary Identify existing underground other utility structures, lines through
available records and in consultation with concerned authorities
and plan construction activities accordingly to minimize damage
to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in
excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and
protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is
complete and settlement has taken place.
DBO
Operator
Accidents/ damages due to
erosion/ sliding of vertical
sides of excavated trenches
while places the pipes
Temporary Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides by placing
sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks, bracing, piles, or other
materials
Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized. Exposed
surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping
sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain
safely at rest.
DBO
Operator
Generation of substantial
debris, top soil and muck
during construction
Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for agricultural
purpose or development of city parks.
Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and
landscaping;
Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas
after placing the trunk sewer lines.
DBO
Operator
Dust Generation ( Air
Pollution) due to
excavation, cutting, back
Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas
and stockpiles.
Transportation of loose construction material through covered
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Operator
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filling and compaction
operations trucks.
Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area
for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site.
Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and
carry Pollution Under Control certificate.
Noise and vibration
disturbances to residents
and businesses
Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior
intimation to local residents and shop keepers.
Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out
during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on
priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of
traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.).
Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed
noise standards.
Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs
for construction workers. .
Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near
sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.
DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.
DBO
Operator
Temporary flooding due to
excavation during
monsoons or blockage of
surface drains
Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms;
Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in storm water
run-off channels and erosion;
DBO
Operator
Increased traffic
inconvenience (emissions,
congestions, longer travel
times, blockage of access)
Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in consultation with
concerned traffic police authorities. Proper traffic planning be
made for narrow lane areas.
Work should to be completed on priority near business and market
place to minimize business loss.
Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts
at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these
places during construction.
Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to
facilitate normal life and business
DBO
Operator
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Settlement of backfilled
area after construction Temporary The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum products,
slag, cinders, ash or other material.
Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying
of sewer.
Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original
level of alignment and grade.
DBO
Operator
Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away
from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums
mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small
spills collection pit.
DBO
Operator
Nuisance due to solid waste
disposal Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.
Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste are collected in
segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable
material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be
disposed for designated land fill area of the city.
Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction
sites.
DBO
Operator
General:
safety during
construction
Accidents Safety hazards to labours
and public Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India
Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company
and ambulance services nearby to the site.
Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised
and adequately instructed.
Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger
tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed
construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent
dangers.
Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets, safety shoes,
gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to
DBO engineer and owner.
DBO
Operator
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C. Operation phase
Sewer line Leakage/
overflows Water pollution and
possibility of mixing with
water supply line
Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for visible
leakages/ overflows.
Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the leakages. Restore
the sewer and other utility services if damaged due to leakages.
DBO
Operator
Sewage
Pumping
Station
Waste
Handling Bad odour, Health hazard
and public nuisance
Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to
minimize odor nuisance
Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal
site as approved by DBO engineer.
DBO
Operator
General
Safety Workers
exposure to
toxic gases in sewers and
hazardous
materials
during sewer
maintenance
work
Serious/health/ safety
hazards
The toxic gases are likely
to contract
communicable diseases
from exposure to
pathogens present in the
sewage.
Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer line will be
adequately vented to ensure that no toxic or hazardous gases are
present in the line.
Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.
Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan prepared at
design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to
DBO engineer and owner.
DBO
Operator
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8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan
The Environmental Monitoring Programme has been detailed out in Table: 8-2. Successful
implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Program is contingent on the following:
The Project Management Consultant (PMC) along with BUIDCO to request the Contractor to
commence all the initial tests for monitoring (i.e. for Air, Water Quality and Noise Levels)
early in the Contract to establish 'base' readings (i.e. to assess the existing conditions prior to
effects from the Construction activities being felt);
The PMC along with BUIDCO to request the Concessionaire / Contractor to submit for
approval a proposed schedule of subsequent periodic tests to be carried out;
Monitoring by the PMC's Environmental Officer of all the environmental monitoring tests,
and subsequent analysis of results;
Where indicated by testing results, and any other relevant on-site conditions, PMC to instruct
the Concessionaire / Contractor to:
Modify the testing schedule (dates, frequency);
Modify (add to or delete) testing locations;
Verify testing results with additional testing as/if required;
Require recalibration of equipment, etc., as necessary; and,
Request the Concessionaire to stop, modify or defer specific construction equipment,
processes, etc., as necessary, that are deemed to have contributed significantly to
monitoring readings in excess of permissible environmental "safe" levels.
8.3 EMP Budget
The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed in the
ESMP is detailed in Table 8-3 and the cost of the Environmental Monitoring is given in Table 8-4.
There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering
practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the Engineering Cost. The rates adopted for
the budget has been worked out on the basis of market rates and the Schedule of rates. Various
environmental aspects covered/will be covered under engineering costs are listed below:
Proper drainage arrangements to prevent water stagnation/ flooding in SPS site area
Appropriate sitting, and enclosing within building to reduce noise and odor nuisance to
surrounding area Drainage along the ghats to collect the discharge from the residents and
connecting to city sewer
Alternate traffic re-routing,
Ensuring storage of excavated soil material on the higher lying areas
Solid Waste Management
Minimizing stagnant water to avoid mosquito breeding
Usage of Noise acoustic to minimize noise pollution
A forestation against effecting tree felling
Proper housekeeping for safe and clean work environment
Training and awareness program.
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Table: 8.5 - Environmental Monitoring Plan
Env.
Compo
nent Stage Institutional Responsibilities
Parameter Standards/ Methods Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision
Air
Qu
alit
y
Co
nst
ruct
io
n
PM10 μg /m3,
PM2.5 μg/m3,
SO2, NOX, CO
CPCB
Sewer
Construction
Sites, SPS &
STP
Once in every
season (except
monsoon
Contractor through
approved monitoring
agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
Op
erat
ion
PM10 μg /m3,
PM2.5 μg/m3,
SO2, NOX, CO
Sewer
Construction
Sites,SPS &
STP
Once in a year
except monsoon for
first 5 years.
Contractor through
approved monitoring
agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
Met
eoro
log
y
Const
ruct
ion
Rainfall, humidity,
Wind Speed, Wind
direction,
Temperature
USEPA's
Meteorological
Monitoring Guidance
for Regulatory
Modeling
Applications
One location
within
PATNA
district
Once in every
season Contractor through
approved monitoring
agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
Op
erat
ion
Rainfall, humidity,
Wind Speed, Wind
direction,
Temperature
USEPA's
Meteorological
Monitoring Guidance
for Regulatory
Modeling
Applications
One location
within Patna
district
Once in a year Contractor through approved
monitoring agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
No
ise
Lev
els
Co
nst
ruct
io
n
Leq dB (A) (Day
and Night) Average
and Peak values
Ambient Noise Standard CPCB
Sewer
Construction
Sites, , SPS
& STP
Once in every
season (except
monsoon)
Contractor through approved
monitoring agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
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Op
erat
ion
Leq dB (A) (Day
and Night) Average
and Peak values
Sewer
Construction
Sites, , SPS
& STP
Once in a year
except monsoon for
first 5 years.
Contractor through approved
monitoring agency/Lab PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
Soil
Const
ruct
ion
Physical Parameter:
Texture, Grain
Size, Gravel, Sand,
Silt, Clay;
Chemical
Parameter: pH, Conductivity,
Calcium,
Magnesium,
Sodium, Nitrogen,
Absorption Ratio
Consider the
following methods:
IS-2720 (Various
part); Soil Chemical
Analysis by M.L.
JACKSON.
Soil Test Method by
Ministry of
agriculture
Sewer
Construction
Sites , SPS &
STP
Once in every
season Contractor through approved
monitoring agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
Op
erat
ion
Physical : Texture,
Grain Size, Gravel,
Sand, Silt, Clay;
Chemical
Parameter: pH, Conductivity,
Calcium,
Magnesium,
Sodium, Nitrogen,
Absorption Ratio
Consider the
following methods:
IS-2720 (Various
part);
Soil Chemical
Analysis by M.L.
JACKSON.
Along sewer
construction
sites, SPS &
STP
Twice in a year
(Pre-monsoon and
Post monsoon) for
first 5 years,
Contractor through approved
monitoring agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
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Soil Test Method by
Ministry of
agriculture
Wat
er A
nal
ysi
s
Con
stru
cti
Co
nst
ruct
ion
Physical Parameter:
Chemical
Parameter BOD,
COD, DO,: pH,
MLSS, MLVSS Conductivity,
Turbidity, color.
Consider the
following methods: Standard water
quality parameters as
per IS 2291 and As
specified by Bihar
State Pollution
Control Board in
Consent Order
Sewer
Construction
Sites , SPS &
STP
Once in every
season Contractor through approved
monitoring agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
Op
erat
ion
Consider the
following methods: Standard water
quality parameters as
per IS 2291 and As
specified by Bihar
State Pollution
Control Board in
Consent Order
Along sewer
construction
sites, SPS &
STP
Twice in a year
(Pre-monsoon and
Post monsoon) for
first 5 years,
Contractor through approved
monitoring agency/Lab
PMC, BUIDCO and
SPMG
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Table: 8.6- EMP Budget
Phase Component
of EMP Mitigation measure
Cost included in the
DPR (Yes/no/not
clear)
Cost in Rupees (or Details if provided in
DPR) Remarks
Design and
Development Provision for
accidental
leakages /
bursts in
SPS,STP
Proper drainage
arrangements to prevent
water stagnation/ flooding
in SPS site area & STP
Yes (not specific but
included as a part of
associated construction
activity)
DPR for Sewerage system
in Sewerage District
Patna,
The proposed DPR includes these activities
Location of
SPS,STP Appropriate siting, and
enclosing within building to
reduce noise and odour
nuisance to surrounding
area
Yes DPR for Sewerage system
in Sewerage District
Patna
The proposed SPS,STP will be indoor which
will prevent noise and enclosed nature and
appropriate cleaning and maintenance will
prevent odour nuisance
Construction Excavation,
Cutting and
filling
operations
Review of existing
infrastructure, shoring
trenches, reinstatement/
resurfacing
Yes DPR for Sewerage system
in Sewerage District
Patna
The proposed DPR includes these activities
Damage
public
utilities
Proper reviewing of
existing drawing s of
utilities, informing concern
authorities and
reinstatement of public
utilities
Yes DPR for Sewerage system
in Sewerage District
Patna
The proposed DPR includes these activities
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Dust
generation Water sprinkling on
excavated material to
suppress dust and provision
of top cover when
transported through
vehicles
No Water tanker: Rs.
Approximately Rs 1008000/- /-
Top cover for dumper
truck: Rs. 33750/-
According to DPR 180 Km stretch in each zone
will be completed in 3years. This means
approximately 160 m will be covered per day.
1600 L of water will be consumed for 180 m
using sprinkler average 2 times a day Labour cost-Rs. 150/day Rs. 300/tanker+Rs150/labourer = Rs. 450 Per meter cost = Rs. 450/160 m = Rs 2.8/- Total cost for 180 Km= Rs. 504000.00
Keeping a 2 day margin for construction and
reinstatement of the site 2x504000= Rs. 1008000/- For 180 km stretch: Rs. 1008000/-
Top cover: Approximately 30 Sqm of top cover may
require for each vehicle. Assuming 5 such
vehicle involved in transporting excess soil to
dumping location (considering construction
schedule and max excavated earth disposal).
Hence 5 trucks* required top cover 30 Sqm*
Cost of Tripol cover at Rs. 75/ Sqm
Noise and
vibrations Usage of sound barriers or
sheets. No. Rs. 2042000/- As per the schedule, the construction of 180 km
noise barrier in Beur has to be executed in 36
months. Hence on an average 91 will be constructed
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considering both the zones. Considering 364 GI sheet of 3‟x 8‟ would cover
91 m length (both sides) of construction activity
daily. (182 sheets are needed of for one side of
182 m stretch, so for 2 sides 364 sheets and 2
more sheets to enclose one open side of the
barricading; 182 m is taken as a safer option as
it will not be possible to shift the barrier to
another site same day) Hence 364 sheets* Cost of GI sheet Rs.1000
per sheet (Rs.70-100 per Kg) + labour cost (
four labours at avg. rate of Rs. 150 per day) =
Rs. 1021000 And for 180 Kms = Rs. 2042000
Temporary
flooding or ,
water logging
Alternate traffic re-routing,
Ensuring storage of
excavated soil material on
the higher lying areas
Yes DPR for Sewerage system
in Sewerage District
Patna
Increased
traffic
inconvenienc
e
Traffic re-routing Yes DPR for Sewerage system
in Sewerage District
Patna
Safety
hazards to
workers and
residents
Putting fences or other
barricades to demarcate the
area
No Rs. 27300 Assuming a stretch of 182 m per day, 364 rods
will be used, @ Rs. 75/- per rod.
Labour
camps (if
adopted)
Health
hazards and
nuisance due
to absence of
Sanitation No Cost of construction of pit
and toilet building &
cleaning approximately
Rs. 15,48,000/-
The labour camps can be divided into 1 camp
for each zone, for appropriate management and
maintenance work. Per day each camp will
have around 300-400 labourers (approx).
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facility for
sanitation or
solid waste
management
The approximate cost of one toilet unit in a
camp would be around Rs 7, 50,000. For
constructing toilet at 2 camps expenditure
would be Rs. 15,00,000/- Cleaning of pit cost Rs 4000/-. And after 9
months cleaning is needed so thrice cleaning is
needed. So for 2 pits X 2 camps X 3 times
cleaning the cost will come as Rs.48000/-.
Water Supply No Approximately Rs.
28,25,000/-
As estimated 500 laborers will be required.
Around 10 stand posts will be needed at one
camp. One stand post construction cost is Rs
6250/-. So for 2 camps total cost will be Rs
125000 for construction. At the rate of 100 LPCD, 50000 L i.e. 50 KL
of water is needed. At the rate of Rs 5 KL, the
cost of water provisioning would be Rs 300 per
day and hence cost for each camp for 50 kl
would be Rs 3000/day. Total cost for 30 months
would be Rs 2700,000. Total cost of construction and provisioning
would be Rs 28,25,000/-
Dust bins No Approximately Rs.
800000/-
Solid waste generation: Generally about 200
grams of solid waste is generated per 5 persons
every day. Hence two cluster dustbin (one for
biodegradable waste and one for non-
biodegradable waste of 1 cum size at the rate of
Rs. 2000/-) may handle solid waste generated.
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Construction Fly Nuisance
at STP Application of insecticides No Lumpsum Cost Rs.
1500000/-
Treatment of
Disposal of
Sludge
Ensure proper functioning
of STP for digestion of
sludge
No Lumpsum Cost Rs.
1500000/-
Sludge
Monitoring Analysis of sludge and its
neutralization No Lumpsum cost Rs.
1400000/-
Tree
Plantation &
Landscaping
No Lumpsum cost Rs
1800000/-
Training and
Awareness
generation
Among the workers of
construction camp and
operators of STP and
Monitoring and Evaluation
expert
No Lumpsum cost Rs
1454000/-
Total Cost of Environment Management Rs 15938050/-
Total cost for EMP is estimated to be approximately Rs. 15938050/- excluding budget for environmental monitoring plan.
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Table: 8.7 -Cost of Environmental Monitoring Plan
PATNA SEWERAGE SCHEME, BIHAR
Item Location Season Year Total no. of
Samples Unit Cost Total Cost
Environment Monitoring during Construction Stage
Air quality Monitoring 8 3 3 72 6,000.00 432,000.00
Metrological data 1 4 3 12 2,000.00 24,000.00
Noise / vibration 8 3 3 72 2,000.00 144,000.00
Water analysis 8 3 3 72 6,500.00 46,8000.00
Soil analysis 8 2 3 48 5,500.00 264,000.00
Travel and Transportation of
monitoring Team
Lumpsum 400,000.00
Sub total 1732,000.00
Environment Monitoring Cost (Operation Stage)
Air quality Monitoring 8 1 5 40 6,000.00 240,000.00
Metrological data 1 1 5 5 2,000.00 10,000.00
Noise / vibration 8 1 5 40 2,000.00 80,000.00
Water analysis 8 1 5 120 6500.00 780,000.00
Soil analysis 4 2 5 40 5,500.00 220,000.00
Travel and Transportation of
monitoring Team
Lumpsum 400,000.00
Sub-Total 1730,000.00
TOTAL for Environmental Monitoring 3,462,000.00
Total Cost of EMP and Environmental Monitoring (Total of Table 8.6 and Table 8.7) = 1,9400050.00
Say Rs. 1.94 Crore
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8.4 Environmental & Social Management Plan
8.4.1 Social mitigation plans during construction phase
Based on the identified social issues, doable mitigation plans are proposed. Some of these measures
are already listed in the DPRs, and some of them are additionally recommended for social
development of the project and the concerned stakeholders.
i. Impact on human health
Mitigation Measure: Acoustic enclosures or hoardings can be constructed at the proposed sites
Mitigation plan involves the erection of temporary enclosures around construction sites. These barriers
will help entrap some of the dust that is brought up in digging. They will also provide safety benefits,
to be detailed below. According to the interaction/consultation with the key stakeholders, it was said
that contractors are doing water sprinkling in the construction area.
ii. Traffic Congestion
Mitigation Measure: Re-route traffic whenever possible and employing traffic police to manage the
traffic movement.
Traffic must be re-routed to facilitate ease of movement. Proper signage should provide detailed
information on the dates and duration of road closures and which detours will be available, ideally
well in advance of actual construction so residents can plan accordingly. Strategic placement of traffic
police at critical intersections will also facilitate better flow of traffic. Plans and budget for these
measures are already included in the DPR.
iii. Impact on livelihood
Sewer constructions will invariable lead to road closures, which will adversely affect shops on those
streets. The first priority is for the contractor to take the necessary measures to ensure that pedestrians
always have access to shops, vendors, etc. For mobile vendors, this may include adjusting the location
of the cart, etc. to a similar location in the immediate vicinity of the original location for the duration
of the project. Projects should also proceed on schedule so as to minimize disruption.
Additionally, clean-up of debris and clearance of blockages should commence immediately after
project completion so as to remove any potential obstacles that might prevent customers from
accessing businesses or other disruptions.
In the event that the contractor, despite best efforts, is unable to avoid blockages of the roads and/or
disruption of local businesses, some compensation is necessary. The ESMF currently mandates
compensation only in the case of permanent livelihood loss or displacement and provides no
provisions for livelihood loss of mobile vendors. Additionally, no regulation, policy, guideline, etc.
exists which can provide precedent or guidance in this instance. ESMF clearly states that
mobile/ambulatory hawkers: fruit cart vendors, etc. who can easily relocate fall into this category.
These vendors are most eligible for a temporary relocation just outside the construction area, and will
thus not be eligible for compensation as is the case for this proposed project. However if during the
construction of the project any party faces livelihood loss due to the proposed project, then that party
should be compensated according to the entitlement matrix given in the ESMF report.
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iv. Impact on existing utility services
Mitigation Measure:
Circulating the layout plans of the existing underground alignment near the work site.
Contacting the relevant department in case there is any damage to any of the utility services and
ensuring prompt fixing/replacing of damaged infrastructure
v. Safety hazards
Mitigation Measure: Fencing of the excavation site and providing proper caution signboards.
As mentioned above, fencing should be erected around construction sites and appropriately marked
with caution signage. These fences/signs should remain in place even if construction is not active, so
long as a hazard (e.g. open pit) remains.
Currently, no provision for fences are explicitly mentioned in the DPR, and, in field visits to
JNNURM sites, some had fences while others did not.
vi. Elevated Noise Levels
According to officials, construction will take place after school hours or at other times of school
closing to avoid interfering with school function. Beyond that, construction must simply proceed in a
deliberate and judicious manner to avoid unnecessary noise pollution.
vii. Failure to Restore Temporary Construction Sites
As mentioned above, provisions to rehabilitate roads and clear debris are already included in the DPR.
viii. Public Notice:
According to the suggestion given by locals during the interview. Government and contractor should
give a prior notice to each and every locality with the details of project, street wise start date of
construction and street wise end date of construction, contact person during emergency. This
information would help them better adjust to the situation and make necessary adjustments and
provisions.
The detailed social management plan is covered in the Social Management Plan (SMP) report
submitted separately.
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9.0 CONCLUSION
The project report of the proposed sub-project for sewerage Beur Zone after environment analysis
concludes that the project falls in „low impact‟ category and have overall positive benefits on the life
and environment of the people. There has been no reported land acquisition or livelihood losses to be
caused under this project. As per environmental and social management framework guidelines of
NGRBA, Environmental and Social Assessment, with a Generic Safeguard Management Plan was
conducted for addressing possible issues/ concerns arising from proposed project.
Impacts of activities identified during the assessment fell under two separate categories of
Construction and Operation. Although no such permanently negative or adverse environmental or
social impacts were identified, there were certain temporary impacts, for which appropriate mitigation
plans have also been suggested. The environmental management plan ensures to suggest appropriate
mitigation measure against the issues/ concerns identified during the environmental and social analysis
study. All the social and environmental issues were appropriately studied and have been substantiated
using appropriate evidences, to ascertain the magnitude of their impacts. Even the issues of public
grievances and public notice have been taken care in the report to confirm transparency during the
project implementation. Report also ensures that well defined institutional mechanism is in place to
monitor and evaluate the progress of the project during construction, implementation and operation
phases.