Project synopsison

Electrical Lift With Sensor

B.TECH

INELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

At

CT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JALANDHAR

AUGUST 2014

submitted by: HOD sir

submitted to: Chanchal Rani

Roll no. 1282728

Contents

Acknowledgment Objective and Methodology of project Introduction Block Diagram Scope of Project Application References

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this report. A special thanks to our final year project coordinator, Mr. Aman, whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate my project especially in writing this report. I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff of Electrical Laboratory, who gave the permission to use all required machinery andthe necessary material to complete the Differential Simulation RigA special thanks goesto my team, who help me to assemble the parts and gave suggestion about the Differential RigLast but not least, many thanks go to the head of the project, Mr. Ashish Sharma, whose have given his full effort in guiding the team in achieving the goal as well as his encouragement to maintain our progress in track.I would to appreciate the guidance given by other supervisoras wellas the panelsespecially in our project presentation that has improved our presentation skills by their comment and tips.

Objective: To make project logically without controller or PLC Electrical lift using sensors

Methodology:

Methodology used behind the project is make break of connections using relays, sensor and switches. Sensors work as a switch to stop lift at particular station

Introduction of Project:In this project we make project without any programmable logic. Magic is use only switches and sensors. We will use only electrical components to make project. Project is quite interesting. It will be chllanging task. We find circuit from internet, but we are not sure about the project.We will use REED SWITCH as a sensor using for floor detection.

When we will on 1st floor lift then our motor will start and reed switch will help in detection of floor. When list reached then our supply will be disconnected and second switch will help to move lift backward.

Block Diagram:-

Circuit diagram:-

Component List:-

DC motor 12volt 150 rpm Relays 12v Cube Type Transformer 12 v 1 A Diodes IN 4007 – 1 A Filtering capacitors 1500 microfarad and 1000 microfarad Connecting cables Wood Sticks Fevicol Nails Soldering Wires Soldering Iron DPDT switches Reed Sensor On/Off Push Switch

About Lift:

An elevator (lift in British English) is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure. Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.In agriculture and manufacturing, an elevator is any type of conveyor device used to lift materials in a continuous stream into bins or silos. Several types exist, such as the chain and bucket bucket elevator, grain auger screw conveyor using the principle of Archimedes' screw, or the chain and paddles or forks of hay elevators.Languages other than English may have loanwords based on either elevator (e.g., Japanese and Korean) or lift (e.g.,Cantonese and Russian).

Elevator lobby at the Forest Glen Washington Metro station in Silver Spring, MarylandBecause of wheelchair access laws, elevators are often a legal requirement in new multistory buildings, especially where wheelchair ramps would be impractical.he first reference to an elevator is in the works of the Roman architect Vitruvius, who reported that Archimedes (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) built his first elevator probably in 236 BC.[1] In some literary sources of later historical periods, elevators were mentioned as cabs on a hemp rope and powered by hand or by animals. It is supposed that elevators of this type were installed in the Sinai monastery of Egypt.In 1000, the Book of Secrets by al-Muradi in Islamic Spain described the use of an elevator-like lifting device, in order to raise a large battering ram to destroy a fortress.[2] In the 17th century the prototypes of elevators were located in the palace buildings of England and France. Louis XV of France had a so-called 'flying chair' built for one of his mistresses at the Chateau de Versailles in 1743.[3]Ancient and medieval elevators used drive systems based on hoists or winders. The invention of a system based on the screw drive was perhaps the most important step in elevator technology since ancient times, leading to the creation of modern passenger elevators. The first screw drive elevator was built by Ivan Kulibin and installed in Winter Palace in 1793. Several years later another of Kulibin's elevators was installed in Arkhangelskoye near Moscow.

About DC Motor

A DC motor relies on the fact that like magnet poles repel and unlike magnetic poles attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. By switching the current on or off in a coil its magnetic field can be switched on or off or by switching the direction of the current in the coil the direction of the generated magnetic field can be switched 180°. A simple DC motor typically has a stationary set of magnets in the stator and an armature with a series of two or more windings of wire wrapped in insulated stack slots around iron pole pieces (called stack teeth) with the ends of the wires terminating on a commutator. The armature includes the mounting bearings that keep it in the center of the motor and the power shaft of the motor and the commutator connections. The winding in the armature continues to loop all the way around the armature and uses either single or parallel conductors (wires), and can circle several times around the stack teeth. The total amount of current sent to the coil, the coil's size and what it's wrapped around dictate the strength of the electromagnetic field created. The sequence of turning a particular coil on or off dictates what direction the effective electromagnetic fields are pointed. By turning on and off coils in sequence a rotating magnetic field can be created. These rotating magnetic fields interact with the magnetic fields of the magnets (permanent or electromagnets) in the stationary part of the motor (stator) to create a force on the armature which causes it to rotate. In some DC motor designs the stator fields use electromagnets to create their magnetic fields which allow greater control over the motor. At high power levels, DC motors are almost always cooled using forced air.The commutator allows each armature coil to be activated in turn. The current in the coil is typically supplied via two brushes that make moving contact with the commutator. Now, some brushless DC motors have electronics that switch the DC current to each coil on and off and have no brushes to wear out or create sparks.Different number of stator and armature fields as well as how they are connected provide different inherent speed/torque regulation characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing the voltage applied to the armature. The introduction of variable resistance in the armature circuit or field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC motors are often controlled by power electronics systems which adjust the voltage by "chopping" the DC current into on and off cycles which have an effective lower voltage.Since the series-wound DC motor develops its highest torque at low speed, it is often used in traction applications such as electric locomotives, and trams. The DC motor was the mainstay of electric traction drives on both electric and diesel-electric locomotives, street-cars/trams and diesel electric drilling rigs for many years. The introduction of DC motors and an electrical grid system to run

machinery starting in the 1870s started a new second Industrial Revolution. DC motors can operate directly from rechargeable batteries, providing the motive power for the first electric vehicles and today's hybrid cars and electric cars as well as driving a host of cordless tools. Today DC motors are still found in applications as small as toys and disk drives, or in large sizes to operate steel rolling mills and paper machines.If external power is applied to a DC motor it acts as a DC generator, a dynamo. This feature is used to slow down and recharge batteries onhybrid car and electric cars or to return electricity back to the electric grid used on a street car or electric powered train line when they slow down. This process is called regenerative braking on hybrid and electric cars. In diesel electric locomotives they also use their DC motors as generators to slow down but dissipate the energy in resistor stacks. Newer designs are adding large battery packs to recapture some of this energy.

About reed Sensors:

The reed switch is an electrical switch operated by an applied magnetic field. It was invented at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1936 by W. B. Ellwood. It consists of a pair of contacts on ferrous metal reeds in a hermetically sealed glass envelope. The contacts may be normally open, closing when a magnetic field is present, or normally closed and opening when a magnetic field is applied. The switch may be actuated by a coil, making a reed relay,[1] or by bringing a magnet near to the switch. Once the magnet is pulled away from the switch, the reed switch will go back to its original position.An example of a reed switch's application is to detect the opening of a door, when used as a proximity switch for a burglar alarm.

Applications :

Electrical Lift Cranes Electrical Pulley

References:

www.electricalprojects.com

www.yahoosearch.com