REPORT NO :1

A Report On

INDIA- A RACE TO THE TOP OF THE WORLD

Prepared for

VALUE EDUCATION,NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT

By

NARAYANAN NAMPOOTHIRY.V B120017EE NITHIL BABUB120004ee SOMITH KUMAR VERMAB120477EE SUBIN T B120008EE

Under The Guidance of :

Mr. aJITH PAUL ABRAHAMDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT

24 APRIL 2014

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

This Project Report and its content is copyright of EEE B BATCH(2013-14) - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT 2013. All rights Reserved.Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal and non-commercial Study Purpose Only. You may copy the content to individual third parties for their Personal Study use, but only if you acknowledge the report as the source of the material.You may not, except with our express written permission, distribute or commercially exploit the content. Nor may you transmit it or store it in any other documents or other form of electronic retrieval system.

PREFACE

India the land where wisdom made its home before it went into any other country, the same India whose influx of spirituality is represented, as it were, on the material plane, by rolling rivers like oceans, where the eternal Himalayas, rising tier above tier with their snowcaps, look as it were into the very mysteries of heaven. Here is the same India whose soil has been trodden by the feet of the greatest sages that ever lived. Here first sprang up inquiries into the nature of man and into the internal world. Here first arose the doctrines of the immortality of the soul, the existence of a supervising God, an imminent God in nature and in man, and here the highest ideals of religion and philosophy have attained their culminating points. This is the land from whence, like the tidal waves, spirituality and philosophy have again and again rushed out and deluged the world, and this is the land from whence once more such tides must proceed in order to bring life and vigor into the decaying races of mankind. It is the same India which has withstood the shocks of centuries, of hundreds of foreign invasions of hundreds of upheavals of manners and customs. It is the same land which stands firmer than any rock in the world, with its undying vigour, indestructible life. Its life is of the same nature as the soul, without beginning and without end, immortal; and we are the children of such a country.This project is done as a part of the educational curriculum and as is done with at most care and surety so as to expose the real picture of this great nation to its citizens. The capacity and potential of our mother India is so immense so as the fact that this nation is not the global leader is astonishing. Still we have hope in a bright and amazing future of this nation which made us take this project. We hope of an era where Indian flag waves high over the world and an era where the globe trades in Indian rupee. Through this project we need to expose our love and gratitude to our mother India. As the great poet states, mother and homeland are above heaven.This project modified our understanding of the present day picture of India. Also strengthened our hopes and visions on national building. We hope the readers will also get the same vision and fulfillment through this project.

Enjoy readingJAI HIND.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

No creation in this universe is the work of a single person. So is this project of ours. In doing this project our ideas and thoughts have been shaped by many. Apart from the efforts of the group members, the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines provided by many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. We would like to show our heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to Prof.M G S Narayanan for his tremendous support and help. We felt motivated and encouraged every time we attended his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this project would not have materialized. Dr.Jeevan Job Thomas, a man of immense wisdom and unique ideologies, has played a pivotal role in guiding us and offering invaluable assistance, support and guidance in this endeavor of ours. His willingness to motivate us contributed tremendously to our project. An Interview with him was indeed an asset for our project.Mr Ajit Paul Abraham, our teacher and the main guide for us in this project provided us with the most valuable knowledge about our Project. Her guidance and support converted our immature ideologies into the realization of this project. The guidance and support received from all our friends who contributed positively to this project, was vital for the success of the project. We are grateful for their constant support and help. And last but never the least, we thank God Almighty, who showered us with his blessings and gave us confidence throughout without which we could not have completed this project.

ABSTRACT

the coming of the 21st century witnessed the world shift from a unipolar one to a multi polar one.The two new nations that came to the picture was india and China.India changed its policy of non-alignment and started to get aligned to the then super powers of the world giving a strong message to the world that it is going to be one.The critical areas where a nation should concentrate to rise to global leadership are Economics,Politics,Science& Technology and Education & Healthcare.

Indian growth in the past decade has been nothing short of astonishing with the growth rate hovering around 7% consistently.India made this great achievement when the whole world countries shook in the great economic crisis. However Indian political scene is a matter of serious concern with allegations and scams consistently disrupting the functioning of the government.Unless a wide spread and mass revolution happens India cannot raise to the top of the world. Science & Technology defies the fate of any nation. Indian Scientific society possess vast potential which are at many times remain un-noticed or un-explored. With gaining strong hold in Science & Technology we can convert this land of philosophers to a land of intellects. The fundamental base of any development model is education.Indian education system which has a great heritage should do some miracles to make India a global leader.Healthcare system belongs to the class of most fundamental requirement of a society.In this grounds it is also an important area of concern to a nation like India which is trying to make a leap to global leadership.

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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

General :

In the 20th century, entire world considered USA, Russia, Japan and some of the European countries as the global leaders. But in the 21st century two more countries from Asia emerged as the global leader that is India and China. Over the last decade there has been an increasing focus on Indias economic and military expansion, and its consequences for South Asia and the world. India is considered as the second fastest growing economy after China. Since the times of Economic liberalization that started in the 90s, Indias average GDP growth rate has hovered at around 7 percent and it even rose to an all-time high of 10.1% in 2007.In the next two decades, India is likely to become an economically prosperous nation and move significantly towards being a far more inclusive society, with the bulk of its population gaining access to facilities for education and health care and living a life with hope and security. Internationally the Indian diaspora now numbers over 20 million, and is relatively affluent, successful, and well-educated spreading Indias soft cultural influence. Indian engineers and software professionals are the most sought-after in the world, thanks to the prime importance India has given to education, especially science and math. The growth of the country in the field of Science and Technology has also been promising. Research organizations like ISRO, DRDO, BARC etc as well as technological institutes like the IITs, IIScetc are at par with any other such institutions in the world.Despite Indias meteoric economic development, it can be said India has both the best of the First World and the worst of the Third World within its borders, and faces unprecedented human security challenges. India now has 410 million people living below the U.N. poverty line - 37.2 percent of its population and millions of Indias rural poor are faced with food price inflation of up to 17 percent. 60 percent of Indian labour is still agricultural, and the integration of hundreds of millions of peasants into a modern economy may be an extremely painful process. While Indian infrastructure such as roads, civil aviation, ports, and telecommunications have experienced noticeable improvements in recent years, electricity, railways, and irrigation all still need significant investment; and India continues to lag in social infrastructure, such as education and healthcare. The political instability existing in India is another matter of concern. Widespread corruption in all levels of administration has hampered development. These internal issues pose the first challenge to Indias rise as a great power.

Objective :

The objective of this project is to clearly showcase the present picture of this great nation in some critical fields of development.This is intented to crete a social awareness and pride among the citizens of this nation.

Scope of the Study :The scope and excitement of this project is immense. The biggest challenge for India remains that of continuing to achieve the rates of economic growth that it has enjoyed in recent years while . Indias rise to great power status is inevitable and will occur quickly over the coming decades. As the present Unipolar world shifts to a multipolar one, India is undoubtedly set to become one of the superpowers.

2

METHODOLOGY

How Data is Collected ?

This project is accomplished through various methods which converted our raw ideas into a meaningful reality.The whole project was broadly divided into four SECTIONS-1. The present situation of India It was further divided into three departments of development of the nation. Economics Politics Science and Technology Education and Health care2. The near future of India3. Suggestions to make India the global leaderEach part was completed by adopting various methodologies like1. Interview with Prof. M G S Narayanan(Former Chaiman of Indian Council Of Historical Research, Journalist), Dr.H C Verma(HOD,Department Of Physics, Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur) and Dr. Jeevan Job Thomas(Associate Professor,Department Of Physics,National Institute Of Technology Calicut).2. Survey on a sample of Indian youth.3. Books4. Articles5. Newspaper reports

3

India A case study

INDIA-SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

India the land of power and vigor with the history of world class Scientific Institutes like Nalanda and Takshashila showed a different phase of Scientific growth by the advent of 20th century. It is in this grounds a case study on pre and post independenceDevelopments of the nation inevitable.

What India had in 1947?

There were a few universities and research laboratories. But there were spirited and visionary scientists Mahalonwis, Bhabha, Sarabhai, Saha, Sahani, Randhawa who had big plans for the poor nation. Jawharlal Nehru, Indira and Rajiv Gandhi, AtalBihariBajpayee provided tremendous boost to indigenous scientific research and technological development. Nehru was a truly modern, progressive, rational personality. During his 17 years of prime minister ship a very solid foundation of Indias scientific and technical infrastructure was laid down. A network of public sector research laboratories and industries was created. India did not produce a rifle or a tank or an aircraft in 1947. India had to beg for arms and ammunition during the Chinese incursion in 1962. Indigenous missiles, frigates, warships, tanks were a distant dream.

And where we have reached today?

India has a powerful battery of missiles. We can produce our own tanks and aircrafts. A state of the art aircraft carrier is being built. Nuclear submarines and air breathing hyper planes are on drawing board. Light combat aircraft-Tejas would go on production line in a few years. Fast breeder reactor technological, magneto hydrodynamic, superconductivity, nanotechnology and nanomaterials research is booming. Haffkine Institute could produce some vaccines in 1947. Today India is engaged in developing recombinant and edible vaccines. India had nothing to show in 1947 in space and ocean research. Next year the Chandrayana 1 mission would orbit the moon with a payload of advanced technology. There are now ambitious plans to explore the solar system. Very soon India would dominate the commercial satellite launch market. Within 60 years and at a very low cost Indian space engineers have achieved spectacular success. Indian oceanographers would be soon conquering the North Pole and get involved in some serious North Polar research.

India is already a top name in global oceanographic and Antarctic research. India was a basket case in terms of food production in 1947. Today India is world s largest food producer. The breakeven point was reached in 1966-67 after the Green Revolution. In production of fruits and vegetables India has been among the top three nations for the past decade. Our only competitors are China and Brazil. India had a tremendous scarcity of milk in 1947. Milk powder used to be imported to meet the deficit. Today the world salutes the Amul success story. India is worlds top milk producing country thanks to the success of operation flood and efforts of the dairy co-operatives.

As we near the end of the first decade of this new century, there is a growingperception around the world about the emergence of India as one of the potentialglobal leaders in Science. (In this report, the word science is used as a generic term that includes mathematics, engineering, technology, medicine, agriculture and other related subjects.) The US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) published an influential report in 2005 titled Rising above thegathering storm. The storm referred to in this report is concerned with the emergence of other global leaders such as China and India in science, and the challenges that such a development would pose to the position of the US in the world of science (Box 1). Interestingly, the US President has spoken about young people in China and India working round the clock hungry for knowledge, and how jobs in Buffalo may be lost to Bangalore and Beijing. We should resist the temptation to get carried away by the NAS report, since India is yet to become a major force in global science. The creation of new scientific and technological knowledge is largely concentrated in three areas of the world: the US, Western Europe and the North-east Asian hub (Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan), with a few peaks in Russia and Australia (Graphic 1). India unfortunately presents no comparable peaks.

From a recent survey (2011) ofimpact-making scientific publications, weare 7 in global ranking below US, China, UK, Germany, Japan and France. Indeed Indias relative position in the world of science has improved in the last twenty years. We produce more science than before, butseveral more ambitious countries like China and France have outpaced us. The fraction of GDP that is spent on R&D has remained stagnant in India for two decades now (Graphic 2), whereas the more dynamic Asian countries have surpassed us in this period.

Graphic 1: The Geography of World Science

Graphic 2: Gross domestic expenditure on R & D by area, 1996 - 2006as a percentage of GDP

Bottom of FormYear: 2011CountryDocumentsCitable documentsCitationsSelf-CitationsCitations per DocumentH index

1United States519.573471.524625.753353.2591,201.305

2China373.756365.421177.334103.2450,47353

3United Kingdom145.899129.052183.65160.4791,26802

4Germany137.519125.568169.35560.3411,23704

5Japan115.416108.87794.70534.1160,82602

6France97.34389.420110.53333.4421,14646

7India88.43781.91446.13720.1210,52281

8Canada80.67974.32197.20125.6521,20621

9Italy77.83870.46886.37326.5461,11550

10Spain71.15564.71674.93524.2911,05448

11Australia63.14957.30473.30523.8851,16481

12South Korea60.84657.98747.90515.1520,79309

13Brazil49.66446.93328.13410.0340,57285

14Netherlands45.68941.24069.53217.4021,52545

15Taiwan40.23438.30227.8719.2510,69249

16Russian Federation39.00537.46717.8506.3360,46308

17Iran36.80335.09218.4769.4260,50121

18Switzerland33.27230.47456.40312.5101,70537

19Turkey32.60930.17015.4854.8430,47193

20Poland29.14327.82219.9376.3030,68281

21Sweden28.65226.63539.6348.8881,38484

22Belgium25.41623.41435.9488.2491,41428

23Malaysia18.87518.2718.8454.0510,47116

24Austria18.69417.09923.8415.0131,28355

25Denmark18.05216.63028.0586.4901,55399

26Greece16.40714.80515.4503.6280,94247

27Israel15.92214.75020.6594.1861,30393

28Portugal15.87414.85714.3333.9260,90218

29Czech Republic15.78415.02612.9313.9390,82223

Indian Space And Defence Technology

The history of Indias interests in space science is as early as 1960s when a Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was formed by the Department of Atomic Energy. Subsequently the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was set up to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks.

The development of Indias space technology and programme dates back to 1980 when it successfully launched its own satellite Rohini 1 from Sriharikota Island. The nation then became the eighth country to prove that it could send a satellite to orbit above Earth.

Vikram Sarabhai and SatishDhawan are considered as the pioneers behind Indias space exploration programme. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was the founder of ISRO and the father of India's space program. He had envisioned for Indian satellites that could provide communications, meteorology, remote sensing, and direct-to-home television broadcasting.

He set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), the first of its kind in India which began manufacturing sounding rockets in India. He drew up plans to transmit education to remote villages across India with the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE).

Today, space exploration and technology in India has brought great respect for the country. It has fueled the nation to move into the world of high technology, a place previously occupied only by a few developed countries. The development has solved the countrys requirements in the field of remote sensing and communication.

Recently, India has concentrated much of its space development work on complex applications satellites and more powerful rockets. The nation's two primary interests are satellites for remote sensing and communications used for weather pictures, disaster warnings and feeds to 552 television and 164 radio stations on the ground.

ISRO is successful in establishing two major space systems, INSAT for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) system for resources monitoring and management. ISRO has developed two satellite launch vehicles, PSLV and GSLV, to place INSAT and IRS satellites in the required orbits.India plans to launch a probe to orbit Mars next year at an estimated cost of four to five billion rupees ($70-90 million), and hopes to send its first manned mission to space in 2016. "Questions are sometimes asked about whether a poor country like India can afford a space programme and whether the funds spent on space exploration, albeit modest, could be better utilised elsewhere," Singh said in a speech. "This misses the point that a nation's state of development is finally a product of its technological prowess." India comes 134th among 187 countries in the United Nations' overall development rankings, while a survey earlier this year revealed that 42 percent of Indian children aged under five are underweight due to malnutrition. Singh made his remarks in Andhra Pradesh state after witnessing the launch of India's 100th space mission when a rocket carrying two foreign commercial satellites was fired into orbit. "India is justly proud of its space scientists, who have overcome immense odds to set up world-class facilities and develop advanced technologies," he said. In September 2009, India's Chandrayaan-1 lunar probe discovered water on the moon, boosting the country's credibility among more experienced space-faring nations. But the space programme suffered a setback in December 2010 when a satellite launch vehicle blew up and fell into the Bay of Bengal after veering from its intended flight path.ISRO is taking India to further heights by some present projects including Chandrayan2 ,Aditya-1 , GAGAN, Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) ,Mars exploration etc.\

Indian Army

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India serves as the de-jure Commander-in-Chief of the army While the de-facto leadership lies with Minister of defense,and it is commanded by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four-star general. Two officers have been conferred the rank of Field marshal, a five-star ranked general, which is a ceremonial position of great honour. The Indian Army originated from the armies of the East India Company, which eventually became the British Indian Army and finally the national army after independence. The units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and have participated in a number of battles and campaigns across the world, earning a large number of battle and theatre honours before and after Independence.The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national security and unity, defending the nation from external aggression and threats, and maintaining peace and security within its borders. It conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances, like Operation Surya Hope, and can also be requisitioned by the government to cope with internal threats. It is a major component of national power alongside the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force. The army has been involved in four wars with neighbouring Pakistan and one with China. Other major operations undertaken by the army include Operation Vijay, Operation Meghdoot and Operation Cactus. Apart from conflicts, the army has conducted large peace time exercises like Operation Brasstacks and Exercise Shoorveer, and it has also been an active participant in numerous United Nations peacekeeping missions including the ones inCyprus,Lebanon,Congo,Angola,Cambodia,Vietnam, Namibia,El Salvador,Liberia,MozambiqueandSomalia.The Indian Army has a regimental system, but is operationally and geographically divided into seven commands, with the basic field formation being a division. It is a professional force and comprises more than 80% of the countrys active defence personnel. It is one of the largest standing armies in the world, with 1,129,900 active troops and 960,000 reserve troops.The army has embarked on an infantry modernization program known asFuturisticInfantrySoldierAs aSystem (F-INSAS), and is also upgrading and acquiring new assets for its armoured, artillery and aviation branches.Ballistic and cruise of Indian ArmyNameTypeOriginNotes

BrahmosStealth Cruise missileIndiaRussia 300km range.

PrahaarTactical ballistic missileIndia 150km range.

Prithvi-IShort-range ballistic missileIndia 150km range.

Prithvi-IIShort-range ballistic missileIndia 250 350km range.

Prithvi-IIIShort-range ballistic missileIndia 350 600km range.

ShauryaMedium-range ballistic missileIndia 700km range.

Agni-IMedium-range ballistic missileIndia 700 1250km range.

Agni-IIIntermediate-range ballistic missile India 2000 3500km range.

Agni-IIIIntermediate-range ballistic missileIndia 3500 5000km range.

Agni-IVIntermediate-range ballistic missileIndia 4000 6000km range.

Agni-VIntercontinental ballistic missileIndia 5000 8000km range.

Agni-VAgni-V is an intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. It is part of the Agni series of missiles, one of the missile systems under the original Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. According to DRDO chief, the exact range of Agni V is "classified" but afterwards he described Agni V as a missile with a range of 5,5005,800km. It will greatly expand India's reach to strike targets more than 5,500km away. Agni-V was first test fired on 19 April 2012 at 08:07am IST from Wheeler Island off the coast of Orissa, the test was successful.[43][44] Agni-V ICBM has been designed with the addition of a third composite stage to the two-stage Agni-III missile.[4] To reduce the weight it is built with high composite content. The 17.5-metre-long Agni-V would be a canister launch missile system so as to ensure that it has the requisite operational flexibility and can be swiftly transported and fired from anywhere.[4] Agni-V weighs around 49 tonnes; one tonne more than Agni III and a much longer range.[4] The second test launch of Agni-V was successfully done on 15 September 2013 at 08:43 am IST from Wheeler Island off the Orissa coast.The next test launch of Agni-V missile scheduled to be carried out in 2014 is to be of canisterized version

Indian NavyThe Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), usually a four-star officer in the rank of admiral, commands the navy. The Indian Navy can trace its lineage back to the 17th-century East India Company's Marine; it succeeded the Royal Indian Navy, which was renamed in 1950 after India became a republic. The 17th-century Maratha emperor Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosle is considered as the 'Father Of The Indian Navy'.[3][4]Though the primary objective of the navy is to secure the nation's maritime borders, India also uses its navy to enhance its international relations through joint exercises, port visits and humanitarian missions, including disaster relief. In recent years, the Indian Navy has undergone rapid modernisation to replace its ageing equipment currently in service, this is often seen as part of "India's drive" to develop blue-water capabilities and enhance its position in the Indian Ocean region.[5][6] As of 2014, the Indian Navy has a strength of 58,350 personnel and a large operational fleet consisting of two aircraft carriers, one amphibious transport dock, 9 Landing ship tanks, 8 destroyers, 15 frigates, one nuclear-powered attack submarine, 14 conventionally-powered attack submarines, 24 corvettes, 7 mine countermeasure vessels, 32 patrol vessels, 4 fleet tankers and various auxiliary vessels.INS Vikrant (R11)INS Vikrant (Sanskrit: , for courageous) (formerly HMS Hercules) was a Majestic-classaircraft carrier of the Indian Navy.[1] She played a key role in enforcing the naval blockade on East Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971.India purchased INS Vikrant from the United Kingdom in 1957. Upon her completion in 1961, she was commissioned as the first aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy. After a distinguished service, she was decommissioned in January 1997. She was preserved as a museum ship in Cuffe Parade, Mumbai, until it was closed in 2012 due to safety concerns. At the end of January 2014, Vikrant was sold through an online auction to an Alang ship-breaker, and is now berthed off Bhavnagar undergoing preparations to be broken upINS VikramadityaINS Vikramaditya (Sanskrit, Vikramditya meaning "Brave as the Sun"[note 1]) is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier which entered into service with the Indian Navy in 2013. The ship has been renamed in honour of Vikramaditya, a legendary 1st century BC emperor of Ujjain, India.Originally built as Baku and commissioned in 1987, the carrier served with the Soviet (until the dissolution of the Soviet Union) and Russian Navies before being decommissioned in 1996 as she was too expensive to operate on a post-Cold War budget.[15][16][17] The carrier was purchased by India on 20 January 2004 after years of negotiations at a final price of $2.35 billion.[1] The ship successfully completed her sea trials in July 2013[18] and aviation trials in September 2013.[19] She was formally commissioned on 16 November 2013 at a ceremony held at Severodvinsk, RussiaINS ArihantINS Arihant (Sanskrit: , meaning "Slayer of Enemies" (S-73)) is the lead ship of India's Arihant-class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines. The 6,000 tonne vessel was built under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre in Visakhapatnam.The symbolic launch ceremony for the Arihant was held on 26 July 2009, the anniversary of Vijay Diwas (Kargil War Victory Day). The completion of the INS Arihant will make India one of six countries in the world with the ability to design, build, and operate its own nuclear submarines.INS ChakraThe INS Chakra is a 8,140-tonne (8,010-long-ton) Project 971[1][2] (or Project 518;[3] NATO: Akula-class submarine[1][2]) nuclear-powered attack submarine. Construction was started in 1993, but suspended due to lack of funding. The Indian Navy sponsored the building and sea trials of the submarine provided it was given to the Indian Navy on lease for 10 years. It was launched as the K-152 Nerpa in October 2008 and entered service with the Russian Navy in late 2009. The submarine was leased to the Indian Navy in 2011 after extensive trials, and was formally commissioned into service as the INS Chakra II at a ceremony in Visakhapatnam on 4 April 2012.[4] The INS Chakra joins the Eastern Naval Command at Visakhapatnam.[5]While K-152 Nerpa was undergoing sea trials in the Sea of Japan on 8 November 2008, a fire suppression system was accidentally initiated. The accident killed 20 civilian specialists and navy crew members and injured 21 others.INS Viraat (R22)INS Viraat (R22) (Sanskrit, Vira meaning Giant) is a Centaur-class aircraft carrier in service with the Indian Navy. INS Viraat is the flagship of the Indian Navy, the oldest carrier in service and one of three aircraft carriers based in the Indian Ocean Region. Viraat is fitted with a 12 ski jump to operate the Sea Harrier,[3] a reinforced flight deck, and 1.2 inches (3cm) of armour over the magazines and machinery spaces. The magazine capacity includes at least 80 lightweight torpedoes. The vessel retains commando transport capability for up to 750 troops and carries four LCVP landing craft in the aft section. In a wartime scenario, the INS Viraat can embark up to 30 combat aircraft. INS Viraat is suited for two missions: supporting amphibious operations and conducting ASW operations.Indian Air ForceThe Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Empire and the prefix Royal was added in 1945 in recognition of its services during World War II. After India achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the Royal Indian Air Force served the Dominion of India, with the prefix being dropped when India became a republic in 1950. Since independence, the IAF has been involved in four wars with neighbouring Pakistan and one with the People's Republic of China. Other major operations undertaken by the IAF include Operation Vijay the annexation of Goa, Operation Meghdoot, Operation Cactus and Operation Poomalai. Apart from conflicts, the IAF has been an active participant in United Nations peacekeeping missions.The President of India Pranab Mukherjee serves as the ex-officio Commander-in-Chief of the IAF. The Chief of Air Staff, an Air Chief Marshal (ACM), is a four-star commander and commands the Air Force. There is never more than one serving ACM at any given time in the IAF. One officer Arjan Singh, DFC has been conferred the rank of Marshal of the Air Force,by president of India on 26 Jan 2002 and he became first five-star rank holding officer of IAF & serves as the ceremonial chief. In its publication the Military Balance 2010, the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) estimates that the Indian Air Force has a strength of 127,000 active personnel. However, various reliable sources provided notably divergent estimates of its strength over the years. Flightglobal estimates there to be to 1,499 aircraft in active service during 2013/2014.Sukhoi Su-30MKIThe Sukhoi Su-30MKI is a supermaneuverable air superiority fighter developed by Russia's Sukhoi and assembled under licence by India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the Indian Air Force (IAF). A variant of the Sukhoi Su-30, it is a heavy, all-weather, long-range fighter.Development of the variant started after India signed a deal with Russia in 2000 to manufacture 140 Su-30 fighter jets.[4] The first Russian-made Su-30MKI variant was accepted into the Indian Air Force in 2002,[5] while the first indigenously assembled Su-30MKI entered service with the IAF in 2004.[6] In 2007, the IAF ordered 40 additional MKIs.[7] The IAF had 194 Su-30MKIs in service as of March 2013;[1] it plans to have a fleet of 272.[8] The Su-30MKI is expected to form the backbone of the Indian Air Force's fighter fleet to 2020 and beyond.[9]The aircraft is tailor-made for Indian specifications and integrates Indian systems and avionics as well as French and Israeli subsystems.[10] It has abilities similar to the Sukhoi Su-35 with which it shares many features and components.Mikoyan MiG-29The Mikoyan MiG-29 (Russian: -29; NATO reporting name: "Fulcrum") is a jet fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. Developed by the Mikoyan design bureau as an air superiority fighter during the 1970s, the MiG-29, along with the larger Sukhoi Su-27, was developed to counter new American fighters such as the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, and the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon.[6] The MiG-29 entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1983.While originally oriented towards combat against any enemy aircraft, many MiG-29s have been furnished as multirole fighters capable of performing a number of different operations, and are commonly outfitted to use a range of air-to-surface armaments and precision munitions. The MiG-29 has been manufactured in several major variants, including the multirole Mikoyan MiG-29M and the navalised Mikoyan MiG-29K; the most advanced member of the family to date is the Mikoyan MiG-35. Later models frequently feature improved engines, glass cockpits with HOTAS-compatible flight controls, modern radar and IRST sensors, considerably increased fuel capacity; some aircraft have also been equipped for aerial refuelling.Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a number of successor states have continued to operate the MiG-29; the largest of which is the Russian Air Force. The Russian Air Force wanted to upgrade its existing fleet to the modernised MiG-29SMT configuration, but financial difficulties have limited deliveries. The MiG-29 has also been a popular export aircraft; more than 30 nations either operate or have operated the aircraft to date, India being one of the largest export operators of the type. As of 2013, the MiG-29 is in production by Mikoyan, a subsidiary of United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) since 2006.HAL TejasThe HAL Tejas is a 4+ generation,[6] multirole light fighter developed by India. It is a tailless,[N 1] compound delta-wing design powered by a single engine. It came from the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme, which began in the 1980s to replace India's ageing MiG-21 fighters. Later, the LCA was officially named "Tejas",[7][N 2] meaning "Radiance" by then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.[8]The Tejas has a pure delta wing configuration, with no tailplanes or foreplanes, and a single dorsal fin. It integrates technologies such as relaxed static stability, fly-by-wire flight control system, multi-mode radar, integrated digital avionics system, composite material structures, and a flat rated engine. It is supersonic and highly manoeuvrable, and is the smallest and lightest in its class of contemporary combat aircraft.[6]The Tejas is the second supersonic fighter developed indigenously by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) after the HAL Marut. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is reported to have a requirement for 200 single-seat and 20 two-seat conversion trainers, while the Indian Navy may order up to 40 single-seaters to replace its Sea Harrier FRS.51 and Harrier T.60.[9] The Tejas was cleared in January 2011 for use by Indian Air Force pilots. It received the second of three levels of operational clearance on 20 December 2013

Indias missile programme represents sovereignty and self-reliance towards enhancing national defence capability. By successfully testing the triad of nuclear deterrence from sea, land and air, Indias quest for a credible minimal deterrent appears to be heading with accuracy. Indias credibility in the field, therefore, shall receive a much longed-for boost, with the Agni V missile, enabling New Delhi to upgrade its present strategic posture of dissuasion to that of credible deterrence. Defence Research Development Organization(DRDO) in recent years made lot of leaps which took Indias pride and glory up to the skies. But a recent secret investigation by the Government of India on the working of DRDO provides astonishing and unfortunate results.The highlights of the report are frightening. Here are some of them: DRDO has been developing equipment which is either sub-standard or have extended deadlines and additional budgets;

Many of the projects have been sanctioned without the requisite government approval. Only 10 per cent of projects have come to the ministry for clearance; Corruption and nepotism exists in the upper echelons;

There is an exodus of qualified scientists;

DRDO has challenged the findings but the Ministry of Defence (MoD) has taken cognisance of them. It will be ordering a review of the agencys approval processes as well as that of the recent proposal to enhance the financial powers for DRDO chief V K Saraswat.We will have to wait to get the reality behind this.

IndiaTo Conquer Nuclear Fusion

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering project, which is currently building the world's largest experimental tokamaknuclear fusion reactor at the Cadarache facility in the south of France. The ITER project aims to make the long-awaited transition from experimental studies of plasma physics to full-scale electricity-producing fusion power plants. The project is funded and run by seven member entities the European Union (EU), India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States. The EU, as host party for the ITER complex, is contributing 45% of the cost, with the other six parties contributing 9% each.The ITER fusion reactor itself has been designed to produce 500 megawatts of output power for 50 megawatts of input power, or ten times the amount of energy put in. The machine is expected to demonstrate the principle of producing more energy from the fusion process than is used to initiate it, something that has not yet been achieved with previous fusion reactors. Construction of the facility began in 2007, and the first plasma is expected to be produced in 2020. When ITER becomes operational, it will become the largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment in use, surpassing the Joint European Torus. The first commercial demonstration fusion power plant, named DEMO, is proposed to follow on from the ITER project to bring fusion energy to the commercial market. India will manufacture about 10 per cent of the machines to be used in the futuristic nuclear fusion reactor, ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). These will be manufactured by Indian companies to the specifications of the international group. When it is fully operational, ITER is expected to generate 500 million watts of heat from a sustained fusion reaction.This is considered as Indias greatest leap in Science and technology in for the last two decade. Pathetic Condition Of Indian Science UniversitiesThe QS World University Rankings for 2012 has been announcedand none of the Indian universities figures in top 200. The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) rankings the most reputed global rankings of institutes for higher education had featured IIT-Bombay in 2010 which was ranked 187, but dropped to 225 last year. This year it is down to 227.Noting the continuous decline in Indian institutes ranking, the QS rankings website said India remains the only BRICS nation without a university in the top 200. Two of the leading three institutions, IIT- Delhi (212) and IIT-Kanpur (278), have improved on their 2011 positions. Yet the comparison with other BRICS nations remains unflattering.In the Asia rankings as well, India has only 11 institutes in the top 300 while China, Singapore and South Korea continue to surge ahead. Nine Chinese institutes have moved up the ranks with Peking University ranking better than the University of Tokyo. The list is topped by the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology.India once again under-performing, with only 11 universities in the rankings, the vast majority of which are various Indian Institutes of Technology. Internationalization has been identified as a key issue.However, in discipline-wise rankings IITs have fared relatively well as they are in the top 50 engineering institutes. Delhi University too finds a place in the top 50 universities offering English Literature and Linguistics among others.Other than knowledge which one receives from a classroom, students should get chance to interact and study with more practical situations. As many of the foreign Universities do Indian universities should also provide global exposure to their students.Even though Indian government recently added few more Scientific institutes like IITs,NITs,IISER,NISERetc the world of Science and Technology will be expecting lot more from a nation which has the heritage of world class Universities like Nalanda, Takshashila.There is a great Indian Paradox: We can make our own reactors and produce our power at cheaper rates. We can make our own satellites and put them in orbit with our own launch vehicles. But we cannot make a stupid car without foreign help. Atomic Energy and Space were developped by Dr. Homi Bhabha who had a vision and sought scientific excellence without the shackles of administration. And we see the results. Lacks of crores of rupees are spent on other academic institutions with dismal output due to these administrative shackles that take time and frustrate true workers

3.4

3.5CASE STUDY

SURVEYConducted On 10 March 2013(Refer Appendix I)

OBSERVATIONS & FINDINGSOn a survey conductedon a sample of Indian youth regarding present scenario of India in various fields revealed the following data : INDIAN ECONOMICS Recent news of foreign direct investment in retail sector was put into the vote in which 2 out 0f 3 opposed this critical policy.A major share of 71.92% Indian Youth believes that lack of aggressive economic policies from Governmental side is the main cause of fall in Economic Growth Rate in the present year.A share of 24.56% criticised wrong economic policy decision of the government and pointed it to be the cause of fall in growth rate. INDIAN POLITICSThe major problems faced by Indian political system produced a mixed response from the youth.45% pointed out Corruptions as the major problem, when 25% had the view that Indian political system is lacking leaders with desired qualities and 2 out of 5 criticised caste based politics.The reason f or lack of interestof Educated youth in Poliics was put to test.A share of 37% pointed out lack of faith of educated youth in existing political setup whereas 30% thinks the absence of political parties which encourage ideas from youth.While asking about the next government,1 out of 2 predicts a huge change from UPA to BJP which makes Narendra Modi ,the next PM of the State. INDIA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A huge share of 3 out of 5 believes that Brain Drain by Multinational Companies is making major blow in the field of Indian Science & Technology whereas 26.3% curse the scientific atmosphere of the nation and points it to be a dragging force from wisdom.Indian Youth Unequivocally accept the low grade of Indian Science institutes. INDIA EDUCATION & HEALTH CAREWhile searching about the reason of Brain Drain, more than 50% considers it to be on economic grounds while the rest thinks it to be due to the high research facilities provided by the foreigners.Asking about Indian Healthcare system, majority criticised lack of Sophisticated Healthcare Technologies in the Nation.Majority of Indian Youth severely criticised Public Healthcare system in the nation and pointed out private healthcare systems as the effective resort to the needy.

4

Discussions &Analysis

Survey conducted on a sample of Indian Youth revealed the following data :

Problems faced by Indian Politics

Next Prime Minister

Quality Of Education in India

Why Migration to foreign Countries?

Talk with Prof. M G S Narayanan regarding the overall performance of India revealed the following valuable data :India has vast potential in all fields of developments. We are self reliant in food production, we are able to design our own automobiles, we are strong in defense, we are able to inject indigenously designed satellites to orbits and we are able to withstand even a high potential economic crisis. Sill what we lack is nothing but a vision of tomorrow. India should understand our potential and should rise to global leadership.Indian politics is affected by the dark force of Corruption, Regional politics and Dynasty politics .More youth should come to the field of politics to contribute positively to the society.India should carefully handle the matter of the new policies like Foreign Direct Investment since they can become affect the economy in both the ways.The development of Indian economic sector is promising. India should create a competitive atmosphere so that the citizens will get a very good platform to expose their ideas. Lack of a perfect atmosphere to promote Science and Education system in India is pathetic. This leads to brain drain which badly inhibits the growth of India to Global leadership.This situation should be effectively prevented to make the use of the best brains in our race to the top of the world. Talk with Prof. Jeevan Job Thomas provided the following piece of data :Indian development to global leadership is promising. If India is able to clear the existing mistakes in the system surely we will come up with glowing colours.Indian political system need to be corrected first. We are not completely secular yet.The fossils of Caste system still remain at the heart of Indian politics. We need more educated youth to develop our political system. We need social engineers and not political surrogates. These changes should be made in the micro level itself.Development of Indian Economy is really good. Economic development plays a major role in the race of India to the top of the world.The situation of Indian Science and technology is pathetic. Indian Universities are severely criticized for the lack of quality.India Science and Technology should be liberated from the clutches of bureaucracy to make India strong.Private institutions play an important role in nurturing the Educational and Healthcare system of the nation. These organizations should be promoted.India should invest much for the development of Science and Technology.

5

suggestions

Economy of a country is one of the main factor that defines the development of that country.The case of India is not an exception. Our economy which even acquired a GDP of 10.4% in 2007 is now facing the fall consecutively for the third year. If this situation prevails we cannot effectively dream of a day when India leads the globe. A change is inevitable to take the economic sector of this great nation to heights for making our dream of Indian leadership accomplished.Focus on villagesAs per the Father of this nation, Mahatma Gandhi the heart of our nation lies in our villages. Also development should be decentralized ie, development should come from the lower strata of the society. So the development of villages is a prime point of concern in our way to Global leadership.Improve education, health and infrastructure are the primary areas we have to focus on. If all the villages are connected properly, then other things will fall in place automatically. Youngsters migrated to metros and other cities from their respective villages should show the people a necessary path for development. NRIs settled abroad should plough money through trusted NGOs to develop their own villages.DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SECTORIndia amazed the whole world with its strength in agricultural sector which followed the Green revolution.The country which was in a situation to import food items to support its people at the time of Independence, began to export the surplus of agricultural products and thus emerged as a strong agricultural power.We need to do the same again to take up our agricultural sector which is presently developing at a very slow pace.India has an agriculture based economy. Government should concentrate to reduce floods and drought. This will improve our grain production and creates more happy farmer base. Also reduces our dependency inpurchasingfood items from other countries. In the planning period, stress has been laid on the scientific methods of cultivation. It has been emphasized to adopt superior agricultural technology in respect of crop rotation, selection of quality seeds, use of proper manure, treatment of soil, selection of crops etc. The potential of Science & Technology should be completely made use in agricultural sector.MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES As the quote says Failing to plan is planning to fail. Since India have a lot of resources in all fields of development, the lack in management can lead to a chaos. Without management whatever be the situation around, development will not take place. India is a growing economy. And there are rapid changes taking place. if it is not managed in the right manner it will produce negative results.The proper management of resources employed in the economy is one of the Key points need to be tackled very effectively. Lakhs of tones of food grains is spoiled by floods due to lack of warehouse facilities and also due to poor management of those. As there is no shortage of resources for development but due to poor management the efforts goes futile, we here need a proper policy to utilize the resources employed in the best way with lower cost & maximum benefits.PREVENTING BRAIN DRAINIndia is well know for its intellectual brains and is acclaimed as the worlds best Brain Manufacturer.But the present scenario is pathetic that the great products of this nation is drained by a lot of foreign multi-national companies which creates a major blow to the development dreams of India.Government of India should devise policies to attract the intellects that positively contribute to national development. India should consider these great minds as the major strength of this nation and should provide them with best of the available facilities.To promote Science and Technology which is the strongest tool ever invented new Institutes with great quality should be opened. Upgrading the quality of the existing institutes is also vital. Budget allocation to develop Science and Technology should be increased much. Investing properly in this important field of development will help us earn several folds of what we have invested.The growing population of this nation is a great plus point of this nation.This growing population should be provided with enough job opportunities to prevent their flow to foreign soil. ACCUTE MEASURES TO PREVENT CORRUPTIONCorruption and development cannot go side-by-side since both inhibits the growth of the other.Indian political system was in the shadow of corruption several times.Government should introduce strong policies to prevent this disastrous effect.The policy makers in the near future itself should implement strong laws against corruption. Corruption should be treated as the greatest misdeed to a society.Strong governmental supervision should be done in all fields of development.IMPROVING PUBLIC HEALTH SECTORThe public health sector is the most accessible health care system in India.The quality of this sector in this nation should be increased very well immediately since the present scene is pathetic.More qualified doctors should be put into this system.The availability of sophisticated medical equipments should also be considered with immediate effects.Free and acute medical support should be made available to all the citizens.The shift of medical monopoly from private to public health sector should be considered.

6

CONCLUSION

Indias growth from 1947 till the present day has been nothing short of phenomenal. From a nation afflicted with frequent famines, low growth rates, shortage of food, civil and communal riots, India has grown to become a country that has its own say in the international community. The Indian brains are acknowledged world-wide and are the most sought-after for their brilliance in coming up with cutting-edge technologies. India may have slowed in its frantic growth rate of three years ago down to a mere 5 per cent from 8 per cent per year. But that is still about five times faster than UK or any other European Union country. The recent wave of change in the way the youth look at the Indian politics is also a ray of hope in the political scene with revolutionary movements being witnessed last year. India is a country of 1.2 billion, set to overtake China as the most populous place on earth and unlike China, they are so young. Half the population is under 25. In fact, one in 11 of the entire global population is an Indian under 25. With such a vibrant young population, the country can pull in huge numbers of people into the expanding working population and thereby fuel the growth in the years to come. The future of India will be shaped by youth of the nation. What the country needs to do is to invest in today's youth, both in terms of resources and mentoring support and generate jobs for them. For India in its race to the top of the world, the heights of achievement seem to beckon. With Indias present growth and achievements we can look into the future, but we cant see it clearly. What we can be certain of is that India is building and building fast. The changes in the Indian economy are going to change the lives of a billion; the lives of 17% of the world population. Far more profoundly, Indias growth is going to transform the world order. We will witness a time when the United States goes to the partial eclipse and the giants from Asia India and China - establish their dominance over other countries.

7

APPENDIX

7.1APPENDIX I

SURVEYConducted On 10 March 2013NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUTPROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONWINTER SEMSETER 2012-`13C BATCH-GROUP 1SURVEY

INDIA-POLITICS

1. What according to you is the main problem (problems) faced by Indian Politics?A. Caste-Based PoliticsB. Existence of too many regional PartiesC. Lack of motivating and Inspirational leadersD. Lack Of Participation Of Youth In PoliticsE. Corruption

2. Why do you think the educated youth is uninterested in joining politics?A. Lack Of Faith in the existing political set-upB. Low Income/salary compared to Other jobsC. Absence Of a political party that supports and encourages ideas from youthD. General lack of interest among Youth on PoliticsE. Others

3. Who do you think will be Indias next Prime Minister?A. Narendra ModiB. Rahul GandhiC. P. ChidambaramD. Aravind KejriwalE. Others

INDIA-SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY

4. Eventhough We have good Scientists& Engineers, Why India is not emerging as a Global Science Leader?A. Lack Of Supporting AtmosphereB. Lack Of Interest Towards DevelopmentC. Lack Of Scientific Infrastructure D. Brain Drain By Multinational Companies through highly Economic OffersE. Others

5. Opinion About Quality Of Studies In Indian Institutes On Science?A. High Quality B. Medium LevelC. Not Up to The MarkD. Very BadINDIA-EDUCATION&HEALTH CARE6. Why there is a lack in Quality in educational system?A. Due to inappropriate educational systemB. Due to parental pressures C. Improper attention in grooming the childD. Due to unpaid and ill trained teachers

7. Most students aim to work or study abroad. Why?A. High paid jobsB. Nice environmentC. High research facilities and top universityD. India Has Comparably Low Quality Education

8. Why India Rank 115th in health service among nations (by HDI)?A. Improper health systemB. Medicine Scams C. Lack on investment in high tech machinesD. Others9. Why the reliance on private sector more than public sector?A. Due to poor quality of careB. Due to well advanced facilitiesC. Common Bad Notion About Public SectorD. Others

INDIA-ECONOMICS

10. Will Foreign Direct Investment In Retail Sector Benefit Indian Economy?A. YesB. No

11. What You Think Is The Main reason For the Fall In The Growth rate Of India In The Present Year?A. Lack Of New Economic reformsB. Wrong Economic policy DecisionsC. Lack Of Aggressive economic policies from the Part of government.D. Others

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8References

Articles :1. Chakravarty,Chinmay. India: Anti-Corruption Fight Goes Political!. Technorati. 03 August 2012 . 91-93 2. Setting a new precedent in state politics.The Times Of India.24October 2012. 85-883. India Economy, Now and Then. The Economic Times.March 2011.67-69

4. Chirag,Madhav. Indian Economy-A Close view. The Hindu.2012

5. Vision Document. Planning Commission of India. 2012

6. Career in India. The Times Of India

7. Nurturing The Nation. Healthizen. New Delhi : LP Publications, August 2012

Websites :8. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-05/kolkata/36160762_1_apj-abdul-kalam-thoughts-result-science-and-technology. The Times Of India.9. http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/india-lags-behind-in-key-health-parameters/article4476208.ece. The Hindu.