project partners: manitoba hydro, univ. of manitoba,...
TRANSCRIPT
Kinetic Hydropower: Opportunities in Manitoba
Purpose: To harness river flows for supplying power to remote Northern Communities Currently served by Diesel
Project Partners: Manitoba Hydro, Univ. of Manitoba, Man. HVDC Res. Centre, Govt. of Canada
Kinetic Hydropower: kinetic energy
from water currents is transformed into electricity using submerged turbine-generator sets.
Unlike other run-of-river plants, kinetic turbine sets do not require a penstock or powerhouse.
InvisibleLow Footprint
FilterFilterTURBINE
CABLE
PERMANENT MAGNETGENERATOR
Isolated load: 60kW, 600V, 60Hz
POWER-ELECTRONIC INTERFACE
Grid: 600V, 60Hz
KINETIC TURBINE + SPEED INCREASER
Kinetic Turbine: Research Platform
Interconnection of components:
400 Hz PM Generator (submerged)
VSC Rectifier/Inverter
Comparison to Wind Generation
EMS E15 65kW Wind Turbine(Courtesy of Energy Maintenance Service LLC.)
2.513[m/s]Approximate wind/water velocity needed for 60-kW output4155[rpm]Rotor speed at rated power2.315[m]Rotor diameter6065[kW]Rated power
Kinetic(UEK® 60kW)
Wind(EMS E15
65kW)Type of turbine
UEK® 60-kW Kinetic Turbine(Courtesy of UEK® Systems)
Kinetic Hydropower
Power Converter: The PEBB Concept
The Power Electronics Building Blocks technology allows for customizable power-electronics.
The kinetic turbine platform employs PEBB-based converters.Basic elements:
• Power circuit components(Switches, storage elements, …)
• Heat sink• Gate drive circuits• Programmable controller• Filter units• Auxiliary power supply
PM1000 PowerModuleTM PEBB module from American SuperconductorTM Corp.
Kinetic Hydropower
Tribute to Professor John Reeve Given by Bill Long at the CIGRE Study Committee B4 Meeting Osaka, Japan, October 31, 2007 John and I first became acquainted at the IEEE Power Engineering Society meetings in New York in the early 1970s. John was on the faculty at the University of Waterloo, in Ontario, Canada, and I was with the Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California. We would have been in our 30s and part of a small group of researchers who believed that high-voltage direct-current transmission could have a significant impact on power systems. There were perhaps a half-dozen of us who felt a kinship in this new technology, and we enjoyed challenging each other’s ideas and then heading out for an evening on the town. We considered ourselves special, and perhaps we were. John spent his career at the University of Waterloo except for periods of sabbatical leave including at IREQ and EPRI. I moved on to the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Our friendship continued via IEEE and CIGRE meetings, and opportunities for me to serve as External Examiner for a number of John’s PhD students. In 1993 my late wife Ginger and I headed to New Zealand for the meeting of CIGRE Study Committee 14 (now B-4), where we joined John and friend Kirsten Ward for a week of touring the North Island. We had a delightful time wandering around without a set agenda, enjoying the countryside and the companionship. (My memory recalls Cloudy Bay Sauvignon Blanc wine and green-lipped mussels.) As we drove we observed a large ground bird along the roadway, which John claimed to be a cassowary. I corrected him, that it was in fact a guinea hen. John (who did not much like being corrected) replied that then it must be a false cassowary. In the summer of 1996 we four took our bicycles and headed to Denver for the IEEE PES Summer Meeting where John was the first academic to receive the Uno Lamm HVDC Award. We biked around Denver followed by a few days in Winter Park. Again, we enjoyed each other’s company and had a fine time in the high altitudes of the Rockies. Not long after, Kirsten and John parted company. Through John, Ginger and I then became friends with Pat Moore, spending time together at the 2003 CIGRE Study Committee B-4 meeting in Nuremburg and subsequently at John’s farm in rural Ontario. Again, these were good times. So here we are in 2008. Ginger is gone, as is John. Good memories remain. John was a creative colleague, an active participant in CIGRE and IEEE work, and a good friend. I miss him.
BrazilianBrazilian SC B4SC B4
BrazilianBrazilian SC B4SC B4 hashas 40 regular 40 regular membersmembersfromfrom 18 18 differentdifferent companiescompanies
ConvenerConvener: : Sergio do EspSergio do Espíírito Santorito Santo -- FURNASFURNASSecretarySecretary: : WoWo PingPing -- CEPELCEPEL
SC B4 - 42nd Session Regular Meeting – Osaka, Japan
HVDC HVDC CourseCourse
FromFrom JuneJune 13th to 15th13th to 15th wewe organizedorganized a a HVDC HVDC CourseCourse in Furnas, Rioin Furnas, RioTheThe audienceaudience waswas composedcomposed byby 173 173 participantsparticipants fromfrom 36 36 companiescompanies
PicturesPictures
SC B4 - 42nd Session Regular Meeting – Osaka, Japan
FutureFuture TrendsTrends in in BrazilBrazilMadeira Madeira projectproject is is underunder considerationconsideration byby federal federal governmentgovernmentIt It willwill havehave a a ttotalotal installed power of 6,450 MWinstalled power of 6,450 MW(Santo Antonio (Santo Antonio andand Jirau Jirau powerpower plantsplants) ) andand a a 2,500 2,500 km km longlong transmissiontransmission linelineSanto Antonio Santo Antonio powerpower plantplant willwill bebe biddenbidden ininDecemberDecember, 10th , 10th Jirau Jirau powerpower plantplant bidbid is is scheduledscheduled for for nextnext MarchMarch(2008)(2008)TransmissionTransmission systemsystem auctionauction is is scheduledscheduled for for thethesecondsecond semestersemester ofof 20082008HVDC HVDC TransmissionTransmission SystemSystem hashas a a veryvery goodgoodchance to winchance to win
SC B4 - 42nd Session Regular Meeting – Osaka, Japan
WG B4WG B4--34 34 -- Capacitor Capacitor CommutatedCommutated ConverterConverter
60 60 dayday periodperiod ofof thethe WorkingWorking GroupGroup B4B4--34 34 reportreport endedended lastlast SeptemberSeptember, 30, 30..TheThe BrazilianBrazilian ConvenerConvener, , Dr. João BarrosDr. João Barros, , is is nownow includingincluding thethe commentscomments in in thetheFinal Final ReportReportHeHe saidsaid thatthat thethe SC B4 SC B4 SecretarySecretary willwillreceivereceive it it for for publicationpublication in in thirtythirty daysdaysA A paperpaper to Electrato Electra is is alsoalso beingbeing preparedprepared
SC B4 - 42nd Session Regular Meeting – Osaka, Japan
Dato - Dok.nr. 1Titel
HVDC Schemes under Construction and Plannedin Denmark
Poul Damgaard
Energinet.dk
email: [email protected]
Dato - Dok.nr. 2Titel
HVDC Schemes under Construction
Konti-Skan 1 Refurbishment
380 MW link Sweden-Denmark (west) (282 kV DC)
Replacement of the mercury ark converters from 1965
New converters from Areva in commercial operation in December 2006
Ongoing work: Implementation of Bipole Control expected commissioned mid 2008
Store Bælt HVDC link
600 MW HVDC LCC link inside Denmark (east-west) (400 kV DC)
Orders placed in May 2007:
- Cables: ABB
- Converters: Siemens
Commercial operation: April 2010
Dato - Dok.nr. 3Titel
HVDC Schemes Planned
Skagerrak 4 (Norway- Denmark (west)
Feasibility studies ongoing, to be finished January 2008:
- Transmission capacity 600 MW – under evaluation
- DC voltage 450 or 500 kV – under evaluation
- Current in SK3 (350 kV) and SK4 in balanced bipole (1430 A)
Transmission system on land:
- Approx. 36 km overhead line or land cable in Norway
- Approx. 85 km land cable in Denmark
Route length submarine cable: approx. 130 km
Preliminary time schedule established:
- License application – 2008
- Tender documents and contracting - 2008-2009
- Commissioning – end 2012
2 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007
Priority Cross-sections of the Nordel Grid
The Nordic TSOs propose jointlythe following grid projects to reinforce the Nordel grid1. Fenno-Skan 2 (year 2010)
2. Connection between Central and Southern Sweden (year 2012/13)
3. Nea-Järpströmmen (year 2009)
4. The Skagerrak (letter of intent 12/2006)
5. The Great Belt (year 2010)
2.
1.
3.
4.
5.
The total costs of these projects are approx. 1,000 million €.
3.
3 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007
FennoSkan 2HVDC, 800 MW
Kangasala SVC,-200...+240 Mvar
The Nordic 400 kV grid
4 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007
Fenno-Skan 2 HVDC interconnection cross section
Sweden Finland
0 km
110 m
70 km 194 km 0,3 km 33 km 0 km2 km
400 kVSubstation
500 kVConverter
StationFinnböle
TransitionStation
Dannebo
SubmarineCable
TransitionStation
Rihtniemi
500 kVConverter
StationRauma
400 kVSubstation
Gulf of Bothnia
● Budget 300 million euro● 800 MW● 500 kV● Commissioning December 31, 2010
5 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007
After extension sea current will be reduced to 1/5 at max in bipolar usage.
6 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007
HVDC SSTI related challenges in southwest network
In total OL1-OL3 have five torsional frequencies fmechbelow 20 Hz
OL1 and OL2 identicalStructure and controls of FS1 and FS2 not identical
Effect of multi-infeed HVDC on SSO
Possible new units and/or connections in near future
flexibility in SSDC design and SSO monitoring
G
G
RA4
G
FennoSkan1 550 MW
OL1950 MVA
HT4
FennoSkan2 800 MW
UL4
OL2950 MVA
OL31900 MVA
by 2011PMU
PMU
7 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007
Kangasala SVC: TCR+TSC+filters -200...+240 MVAr
RL
#1#2
0 .25 [H ]
200 [MVAR ] 10 0 .0 [MVAR ]
BUSXX kV
250 MVA410 /XX kV , YN xx
TT
TT
20 .0 [MVAR ] 20 .0 [MVAR ] 1 0 .0 [MVAR ]
h3 h5 h7
H a rm o n ic fi l te rs
BUS400 kV
BR
K
Ss c = 6 500 MVA
100 .0 [MVAR ]
TT
BUS
D e live ry boa rde r
h4.2
h4.2
8 Fingrid Oyj 25.10.2007
Control modes of the SVC
1. Damping of power oscillations (by using local frequency measured by a PMU as an input signal)2. Reactive power emergency support (constant voltage mode)3. Local voltage control (constant reactive power mode)
SVC rating: -200 ... +240 MvarBudget: 12 million euroCommissioning: February 2009, delivery by Nokian Capacitors Ltd (excl. the transformer)
4(안)
제주C/S
진도
추자도
완도
보길도
노화도
소안도
대모도
청산도
횡간도
해남C/S
한림이호
강진군
제주시
1(안) 2(안)
3(안)
5(안)
신지도
기설
성산
Alternative Routes for HVDC cable
교차××87완도 - 구좌5
교차△△98해남 - 구좌4
없음○△106해남 - 이호3
없음○○100진도 - 이호2
없음△○102진도 - 한림1
배전케이블교차
운전 및유지보수성어업권거리
(km)루 트안
- 양식어장, 민가가 적어 민원발생 가능성 적음
- 추자도 외측 중국어선 어업이 빈번하여 내측 유리
진도-이호(2안) 유력
예상 경과지 비교표 예상 경과지(안)
HVDC System Voltage
케이블비용
960억 809억 745억
1,248억 1,456억 1,820억
250 kV 200 kV 180 kV
변환 비용
2,208억 2,265억
2,565억
100%2,5653.51,8202.07451,4001,134±18088%2,2653.31,4561.98091,2001,020±20086%2,2083.11,2481.8960800818±250
손실비용손실비용비율합계
(억원)케이블변환케이블
규격(㎟)전류(A
)전압(k
V)
250kV250kV200kV200kV
180kV180kV
#2 HVDC 시스템 전압 : ±250kV 선정#2 HVDC #2 HVDC 시스템시스템 전압전압 : : ±±250kV 250kV 선정선정
귀로케이블1
전력케이블1
전력케이블2
귀로케이블2
귀로케이블
전력케이블1
전력케이블2
안 2루트 2Power 2Return 3루트 2Power 1Return
구성도
신뢰성1회선 고장 : 400MW 공급 가능
2회선 고장 : 200MW 공급 가능
1회선 고장 : 200MW 공급 가능
2회선 고장 : 공급 정지
특 징안정적인 전력공급 가능[n-2]다양한 운전 구성 가능유지보수 용이
안정적인 전력공급 가능[n-1]제어회로가 비교적 단순유지보수 불리
System Configuration
2
SING
Transelec is the largest transmission company in Chile and it concentrates on the highest voltage levels: 500 kV, 220 kV and 154 kV
Transelec has 959 kilometers of transmission lines and 4 substations in the Northern Interconnected System (SING)
Transelec has 7.244 kilometers of transmission lines and 44 substations in the Central Interconnected System (SIC)
Transelec is a private company owned by Brookfield Consortium, Canada.
SIC
Transelec Transmission System
3
Aysén-SIC Transmission Project
Aysén Hydro Power Plants (HidroAysén):
Five hydro power plants
Commissioning date: 2013 to 2021
Total Installed capacity: 2300, 2600 or 2860 MW (under study)
Aysén-SIC Transmission Project (Transelec):
HVDC line (2000 km) and converter stations
Central Interconnected System (SIC):
Maximum demand 2007: 6300 MW
2013: 9000 MW (6.5% growth per year)
2021: 14000 MW (5.5 growth per year)
Installed capacity 2007: 8500 MW
Hydro/Thermal Capacity: 60% / 40% (2007)
CHILE
4
Schedule of the Aysén-SIC Transmission Project
2009
January 2006
Start up studies
2008
Start up constructio
n
Construction decision
Commissioning of the hydro power plants
Commissioning of the transmission
project (1st Stage)
2013
Studies stage
- Conceptual engineering
- Power system studies
- Environmental studies
- Basic engineering
Construction4 years
Terms of reference and
tendering
2021
5
HVDC bipolar line
SIC
Converter Substation Santiago
Converter Substation Cochrane
Basic Design of the Aysén-SIC Transmission Project
• Capacity (2300 to 2860 MW) and distance (2000 km) means ±500 kV or ±600 kV• Conductor size: 4x 46 mm (1.8 in), under optimization • Reliability concern for design: 2021 Transmission/Max Demand= 20%
Transmission/Min Demand= 36%• Short duration overload (two hours): 1.9 (for zero load shedding design)
1.6 (300 MW load shedding)1.3 (600 MW load shedding)
(Preliminary figures)
6www.transelec.cl
Reliable Transmission
SC B4 contact:
Juan C. Araneda Boris MuñozSystem Development Manager Project Studies Deputy ManagerApoquindo 3721, 5th Floor Apoquindo 3721, 11th FloorSantiago, Chile Santiago, ChileTel. 56-2-4677166 Tel. [email protected] [email protected]
2 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
Neptune, USA, 2007
105 kmTransmission
dist.
Long distance
Sea Cable
Type of plant
Direct-light-triggered 8 kVThyristor voltage
500 kV DC, 230/345 kV,60 Hz
Voltage levels
660 MW, monopolarPower rating
New Jersey/New York
Long Island
Location
NeptuneProject name
Neptune RTSCustomer
3 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
Ballia - Bhiwadi, India, 2009
800 kmTransmission
distance
Long distance
transmission
Type of plant
3600Number of
thyristors
Direct-light-triggered, 8 kVThyristor voltage
500 kV DC, 400 kV, 50 HzVoltage levels
2500 MW, bipolarPower rating
Uttar Pradesh province to
Rajasthan province
Location
Ballia-BhiwadiProject name
Powergrid Corporation of India
Ltd.
Customer
Delhi
Ballia
Bhiwadi
Delhi
Ballia
Bhiwadi
4 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
Yunnan - Guangdong, China, 2010
1418 kmTransmission
distance
Long distance transmissionType of plant
5760Number of
thyristors
Direct-light-triggered, 8 kVThyristor voltage
800 kV DC, 525 kV, 50 HzVoltage levels
5000 MW, bipolarPower rating
Province Yunnan to province
Guangdong
Location
Yunnan-Guangdong ±800kV
UHVDC Transmission Project
Project name
China Southern Power Grid Co.,
Ltd.
Customer
5 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
Storebælt, Denmark, 2010
56 kmTransmission
distance
Submarine cable
transmission
Type of plant
1440Number of
thyristors
Direct-light-triggered, 8 kVThyristor voltage
400 kV DC, 400 kV, 50 HzVoltage levels
600 MW, monopolarPower rating
The islands Funen (Fyn) and
Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark
Location
StorebæltProject name
Energinet.dkCustomer
6 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
BritNed, UK – Netherlands, 2010*
Approximately 200 kmTransmission
distance
Submarine cable transmissionType of plant
3360Number of thyristors
Direct-light-triggered, 8 kVThyristor voltage
450 kV DC, 400 kV, 50 HzVoltage levels
1000 MW, monopolarPower rating
Isle of Grain on the southern bank
of the Thames Estuary in UK and
Maasvlakte west of Rotterdam in
the Netherlands
Location
BritNedProject name
BritNed Development Ltd. Customer
*Subject noticed to proceed
7 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
HVDC PLUS Trans Bay Cable Project, USA, 2010
8 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
UHVDC Bushing at Test Lab
800 kV DC Bushing in Test Field
9 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
DC Reactor Testing
800 kV DC3,125 A75 mH28 tons !
10 Oct., 2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1T
“Snapshots” from DC Valve Tower Testing
Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure
Dato - Dok.nr. 1Titel
Operational Experiences of HVDC Schemes in Denmark
Poul Damgaard
Energinet.dk
email: [email protected]
Dato - Dok.nr. 2Titel
Skagerrak 3 – outages since July 2003
09.07.03 – 13.12.03 PT32 in Kristiansand (Cobber sulphid)
28.05.05 – 26.10.05 PT32 in Kristiansand
(Fault after temp. repair – Copper sulphide)
25.01.06 – 28.11.06 New PT32 transformer (OLTC fault )
29.08.07 – ? Tjele T2 transformer
(OLTC fault in refurbished PT32 reason under investigation)
During the last 51 months SK3 has been out of operation in total in 21,5 months because og transformer faults of diffrent kind (42 % of the time).
Statnett and Energinet.dk is investigating ways to improve the availabilty of Skagerrak 3 – spare transformers.
1 de 1
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Link between Spanish peninsula and Baleares islands
2x200 MW bipolar LCC HVDC (± 250 kV) with return cable250 km of length and almost 1500 m of maximum depthCable: 750 – 1200 mm2 of cupper isolated with oil impregnated paperIn service in 2010Manufacturer of converting stations: SiemensManufacturers of cables: Prysmian and NexansJustifications for the link:
Improve the quality of supply
Reduce the price of generation
Delay the need of new generation facilities
SEQUENCE OF EVENTSJune 23, 2007At 21:50 hrs VG23 dc cathode bushing flashover to ground.VG22 blocked by bridge differential protectionPole 2 blocked by pole differential protection
F AULT LO CAT IO N
LVH S - LOW VOLTAGE H IGH SPEED SWITCHH VHS - HIGH VOLTAGE HIGH SPEED SWITCH
LV DCCT
5V1 5V21 3 5
VG21
5V3
F AULT Y VALVE 4V1 4V2
4 6 24V1
4V3
DC
FIL
TER
S
VG22
VG23
LVHS
H V DCCT
HVHS
CAUSE OF THYRISTOR FAILURE
High reverse recovery current.
Further investigation for future prevention in progress.
REPORT TO CIGRE SC B4
"ACTIVITIES, RELATED TO HVDC SYSTEMS AND FACTS
IN RUSSIA
FOR THE PERIOD AUGUST 2006 – OKTOBER 2007"
1. HVDC Systems
Two HVDC Systems are in operation in Russia:
1.1. Vyborg back-to-back HVDC link
The capacity of this link is now 1420 MW.
During some last years the total replacement of the Vyborg substation control and protec-
tion system using contemporary microprocessor-based hardware was realised step-by-step. The
principal features of new control system will be reported at CIGRE General Session #42, 2008
(report # B4-102).
Originally this link was created to transmit power in only one direction – from Russia to
Finland. Now in accordance with the request of Fingrid authorities the opportunity of power flow
reversing is being studied.
1.2. Volgograd-Donbass ± 400 kV HVDC overhead line.
All the equipment of Volgograd-Donbass HVDC system has exhausted it's resource, and
system is operating now at ± 100 kV, 25% of the rated power. The problems of reconstruction
of this system are now under consideration, but no decisions are reached yet.
Some investigations are being carried now concerning HVDC alternatives in various re-
gions of Russia. The construction of ± 600 kV HVDC system is considered for power transmis-
sion to China.
The project of 200 MW VSC HVDC BTB link at the "Mogocha" substation in the elec-
tric power system of the Siberia is regarded (2010-2012).
Some relatively small projects of HVDC links (up to 100 MVA) with the cold startup at
the receiving end are also considered.
2
2. FACTS
2.1. In accordance with the Program of FACTs assets implantation into the United Power
System of Russia (UPS), accepted in 2003 by JSC "Federal Grid Company" (FGC), some re-
search works are in the progress concerning the proper places determining for the most effective
using of FACTs devices.
Some results will be reported at the CIGRE General Session #42, 2008 (report # B4-203).
The first pilot asset of 50 MVAr STATCOM is under plant testing now. It is planned to
install this asset for tests and trial operation at 15.75 kV bus in parallel to 160 MVAr synchro-
nous condenser (400 kV side) of the Vyborg BTB station (2008).
2.2. Installing the magnetically controlled shunt reactor (MCSR) is being continued at
500 kV and 220 kV grids of Russia.
At 2006-2007 another 5 MCSRs was put into operation .
The list of installed and planned MCSR assets is shown in table below.
Voltage level, power rating In operation Perspective up to
2008 – 2009 г.
500 kV, 180 MVAR 1 pc. 2006 6 pc.
330 kV, 180 MVAR 2 pc. 2003, 2007 4 pc.
220 kV, 100 MVAR 3 pc. 2001, 2005, 2006 3 pc.
110 kV, 25 MVAR 6 pc. 1999 – 2007 7 pc.
Total: 12 pc. 20 pc.
Grigory M. Tsfasman,
SC B4 RM, Russia