Project Level Effectiveness Project Level Effectiveness Monitoring in the Estuary and Monitoring in the Estuary and Response in Fish CommunitiesResponse in Fish Communities

Who is CREST?Who is CREST? Council of GovernmentsCouncil of Governments (b. 1974) (b. 1974)

MembersMembers: : Port of Astoria, Wahkiakum Port Port of Astoria, Wahkiakum Port Dist. #2, Port of Peninsula, Port of Ilwaco, City Dist. #2, Port of Peninsula, Port of Ilwaco, City of Seaside, City of Warrenton, City of Astoria, of Seaside, City of Warrenton, City of Astoria, City of Gearhart, City of Ilwaco, Clatsop City of Gearhart, City of Ilwaco, Clatsop County, Wahkiakum County, Clatsop Soil & County, Wahkiakum County, Clatsop Soil & Water Dist., City of Cannon Beach Water Dist., City of Cannon Beach

CREST DEPARTMENTS:

1. Coastal/Estuarine Planning

2. Habitat Restoration

3. Ecosystem Monitoring

Project Types:-dike breach -riparian enhancement-stream realignment-culvert/bridge replacement-in-stream enhancements

Effectiveness MonitoringEffectiveness Monitoring

Fish Community Fish Community ParametersParameters Species Species AbundanceAbundance Length Length WeightWeight

Additional Additional ParametersParameters Genetics Genetics Prey AvailabilityPrey Availability**

Prey UtilizationPrey Utilization**

Residence TimeResidence Time

*lab analyses at AHS*lab analyses at AHS

Tributary & Mainstem Baseline Seining

Restoration & Reference Site Fyke Net Trap

Insect Fallout Traps

& Gastric Lavage

Habitat Habitat ParametersParameters Water QualityWater Quality VegetationVegetation Sediment AccretionSediment Accretion Hydrology (channel Hydrology (channel

formation) formation) Sampling DesignSampling Design

Before & AfterBefore & After Comparison Comparison

to to baselinebaseline Comparison to Comparison to

reference sitesreference sites

Coordinated Regional EffortCoordinated Regional EffortAEM for individual restoration projectsAEM for individual restoration projects (EP Coordination, (EP Coordination, BPA funding)BPA funding)

NOAA Fisheries (multiple sites)NOAA Fisheries (multiple sites) CREST, Columbia Land Trust , Scappoose Bay Watershed CREST, Columbia Land Trust , Scappoose Bay Watershed

Council. Ash Creek Forest Management, ParametrixCouncil. Ash Creek Forest Management, Parametrix

Cumulative Effects StudyCumulative Effects Study (USACE funding) (USACE funding)• Measuring hydrology, channel morphology, vegetation, fish Measuring hydrology, channel morphology, vegetation, fish

presence and community structure, and flux of nutrients and presence and community structure, and flux of nutrients and organic matterorganic matter

• Developing monitoring protocols (Roegner et al. 2008)Developing monitoring protocols (Roegner et al. 2008)

Reference Site StudyReference Site Study (EP & PNNL Coordination, BPA (EP & PNNL Coordination, BPA funding)funding)

• Measuring hydrology, channel morphology, vegetation, Measuring hydrology, channel morphology, vegetation, elevation profiles, and sediment accretionelevation profiles, and sediment accretion

Coordination to ensure:Coordination to ensure: Data are comparable across sites and time for Data are comparable across sites and time for

similar types of actions and habitatssimilar types of actions and habitats Results are scalableResults are scalable

Spring 2008: Selection of Pilot AEM Spring 2008: Selection of Pilot AEM SitesSites

(EP Science Workgroup, BPA funding)(EP Science Workgroup, BPA funding) Developed a list of sites:Developed a list of sites: Multi year restoration projects had occurredMulti year restoration projects had occurred Some baseline monitoring was conductedSome baseline monitoring was conducted

Number of potential sites = 12Number of potential sites = 12

Intensive versus ExtensiveIntensive versus Extensive Selected 4 sites representing project diversitySelected 4 sites representing project diversity

Different river reaches, habitat types, and Different river reaches, habitat types, and restoration strategiesrestoration strategies

Solicited feedback on sites from scientific Solicited feedback on sites from scientific working groupsworking groups

•Fort ClatsopFort Clatsop

•Brackish Brackish freshwater freshwater wetlandwetland

•Culvert Culvert replacement replacement with bridgewith bridge

• Scappoose Scappoose BottomlandsBottomlands

•Emergent Emergent wetland wetland

•RevegetationRevegetation, Cattle , Cattle exclusionexclusion

•Sandy River Sandy River DeltaDelta

•Floodplain Floodplain forestforest

•RevegetationRevegetation

•Mirror LakeMirror Lake

•Bottomland Bottomland riparian riparian forest forest

•LWD, LWD, Culvert Culvert enhancemenenhancement, t, RevegetatioRevegetationn

Watershed ContextWatershed Context

Seaside Dike Breach II

Seaside Dike Breach I

South SloughBridge Install

Otter PointDike Breach

•Extensive diking for flood control and agriculture •Dredging and removal of woody debris to fill lands and aid navigation•Pesticide and fertilizer use •Runoff and sedimentation from logging operations and road building•Encroaching development•Erosion & poor riparian cover

-Restore tidal processes

-Reconnect 50 acres of historic off-channel rearinghabitat

-Minimize risk to County Rd.

Fort Clatsop’sFort Clatsop’sSouth SloughSouth Slough

South Slough Salmonid South Slough Salmonid AbundanceAbundance

2 2

7

21 1

9

16

1211

19

1

13

9

7

3

11

3

11

20-Mar

3-Apr

17-Apr

1-May

15-May

30-May

12-Jun

26-Jun

7-Jul 24-Jul

4-Aug

22-Aug

Date

Nu

mb

er

of

Sa

lmo

n

Chinook

coho

chum

Steel

Cutthroat

South Slough Pre-construction (2007)

Post-Construction (2008)

11 1

2

1 1

3

25-Jan 13-Feb 27-Feb 12-Mar 27-Mar 11-Apr 26-Apr 20-Jun

Date

Nu

mb

er o

f F

ish

Chinook

coho

0 0 0

1

0

2

00

2 2

1

0 0 0

19-Feb 25-Mar 2-Apr 23-Apr 8-May 30-Jun 28-Jul

Date

Nu

mb

er

of

Fis

h

Chinook, n = 3

Coho, n = 2

Chum, n = 5

Cutthroat, n = 1

Post-Construction (2009)

1

9

1

0 0

2 2

0

1

00

2

0 0 0

2-Apr 23-Apr 8-May 30-Jun 28-Jul

Date

Nu

mb

er

of

Sa

lmo

n

Chinook, n = 11

Coho, n = 4

Chum, n = 0

Cutthroat, n = 2

Reference Site (2009)

Salmonid Average Lengths Salmonid Average Lengths 20082008

DateDateChinook Chinook salmonsalmon ChumChum CohoCoho SteelheadSteelhead

Cutthroat Cutthroat TroutTrout

6-Mar6-Mar 43*43*

20-Mar20-Mar 3838

3-Apr3-Apr 3232

17-Apr17-Apr 104104 50*50* 192*192*

1-May1-May 4040 119119

15-May15-May 4343

30-May30-May 4646 5151

12-Jun12-Jun 5050 5656

26-Jun26-Jun 5555 5959 139139

7-Jul7-Jul 51*51* 73*73* 78*78*

24-Jul24-Jul 6969

4-Aug4-Aug 127*127*

22-Aug22-Aug 6969

* Indicates individual length measurement

Salmonid Diet CompositionSouth Slough, 2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Aphido

idea

Arane

a

Brach

ycer

a

Cerat

opog

onidae

Chalco

idea

Chiro

nom

idae

Coleo

pter

a

Choro

phiu

m s

pinico

rne

Chrys

omilid

ae

Cicade

llidae

Crang

onyx

sp.

Dipte

ra sp

.

Ephyd

ridae

Gas

tropo

da

Ger

ridae

Gno

rimos

phae

rom

a ore

gonen

se

Hemip

tera

sp.

Isop

oda

Isot

omid

ae

Nemat

oda

Olig

ocha

etae

Polyc

haet

ae

Psyllid

ae

rock

s

Sciarid

ae

Smint

hurid

ae

Tipulid

ae

Unkno

wn

Prey Taxa

Pre

y A

bund

ance

8/4/2008 - Chinook

7/7/2008 - Steelhead

7/7/2008 - Coho

6/26/2008 - Cutthroat trout

6/26/2008 - Coho

6/12/2008 - Coho

5/30/2008 - Coho

Prey Availability & UtilizationPrey Availability & UtilizationAdult Insect Prey Availablility

Ft. Clatsop South Slough Traps 1 through 5 (see legend)

04 August, 2008

05

1015202530354045

Aca

riA

ph

ido

ide

aA

ran

ea

Bra

cho

nid

ae

Ca

nth

ari

da

eC

ara

bid

ae

Ce

cid

om

yiid

ae

Ce

rata

po

go

nid

ae

Ch

alc

oid

ea

Ch

iro

no

mid

ae

Ch

loro

pid

ae

Cic

ad

elli

da

eC

oe

na

gri

on

ida

eC

ulic

ud

ae

Cyn

ipo

ide

aD

olic

ho

po

did

ae

Do

na

ciin

ae

Dro

sop

hili

da

eE

mp

idid

ae

Ep

hyd

rid

ae

Eri

ocr

an

ida

eF

orm

icid

ae

Ga

stro

po

da

Iso

po

da

Iso

tom

ida

eM

on

op

ore

iaM

yma

rid

ae

Psy

cho

did

ae

Psy

llid

ae

Pty

cho

pte

rid

ae

Sa

lidid

ae

Sci

ari

da

eS

min

thu

rid

ae

Sp

ha

ero

ceri

da

eT

hys

an

op

tera

Tip

ulid

ae

Un

kno

wn

Zyg

op

tera

Adult

Life History Stage and Prey Taxa

Pre

y A

bu

nd

an

ce 1

2

3

4

5

62151

1326149

Juvenile salmon occupy restoration sites Juvenile salmon occupy restoration sites in accordance with their life histories; in accordance with their life histories; similar abundances in restored marshes similar abundances in restored marshes compared to mainstem tributaries.compared to mainstem tributaries.

Juvenile salmon are utilizing the Juvenile salmon are utilizing the dominant prey types available in the dominant prey types available in the site.site.

Recruitment & migration corridor Recruitment & migration corridor factors, as well as site maturity, may factors, as well as site maturity, may control variability in fish populations.control variability in fish populations.

Site Specific Lessons:Site Specific Lessons:

Meta-Analysis of Data Meta-Analysis of Data for Monitoring Programsfor Monitoring Programs

Literature Search Literature Search Contact restoration & monitoring partners for Contact restoration & monitoring partners for

datadata Identify sites with comparable Identify sites with comparable

restoration actions & pre/post datarestoration actions & pre/post data Compile data on select metricsCompile data on select metrics Select analyses methods and applySelect analyses methods and apply Preliminary meta-analysis metrics:Preliminary meta-analysis metrics:

Water temperatureWater temperature Sediment accretion rateSediment accretion rate Juvenile salmon presence/absenceJuvenile salmon presence/absence Photo pointsPhoto points

Reference SitesReference Sites

Monitoring SitesMonitoring Sites

Restored Sites PerformanceRestored Sites Performance(Report Cards)(Report Cards)

Program Report CardProgram Report Card

Lesson Learned (Meta Analysis)Lesson Learned (Meta Analysis)

Proposed Project Proposed Project Prioritization Prioritization

AnalysisAnalysis

Project RFPProject RFP

Stakeholders ReportStakeholders ReportNew ScienceNew Science

Cumulative Cumulative Effects Effects

ResearchResearch

Restoration Site Restoration Site EffectivenessEffectiveness

DataData

Project ProposalsProject Proposals

New ProjectsNew ProjectsRestoration StrategyRestoration Strategy

Meta-Analysis SitesMeta-Analysis Sites

Ft. ClatsopFt. Clatsop

Johnson PropertyJohnson Property

Kandoll Farm

Vera SloughVera Slough

Crims Is.Crims Is.

5 sites chosen5 sites chosenTidal reconnection projects (dike breach, culvert & tide gate replacements)Tidal reconnection projects (dike breach, culvert & tide gate replacements)Restoration actions between 1999-2008Restoration actions between 1999-2008

Data AvailableData Available PPhhoottoo

PPooiinntt** WWaatteerr DDeepptthh

WWaatteerr TTeemmpp..**

SSeeddiimmeenntt AAccccrreettiioonn**

VVeeggeettaattiioonn SSiimmiillaarriittyy

FFiisshh PPrreesseennccee**

FFiisshh DDiieett

BBiioommaassss FFlluuxx

Pre Y N N n/ a N Y N N

Post Y N N Y ? Y Y N

CCrriimmss IIss..

Ref Y N N Y Y Y N N

Pre N Y Y n/ a N Y N N

Post Y Y Y Y N Y Y N

FFtt.. CCllaattssoopp

Ref N N N Y N Y Y N

Pre Y Y N n/ a N Y N N

Post Y Y N Y N Y Y N

JJoohhnnssoonn PPrrooppeerrttyy

Ref Y Y N N N N N N

Pre Y Y Y n/ a Y Y N N

Post Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

KKaannddoollll FFaarrmm

Ref Y Y N Y N N N Y

Pre Y Y N n/ a Y Y N N

Post Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y

VVeerraa SSlloouugghh

Ref Y Y N Y Y Y N Y

*Used in preliminary meta-analysis*Used in preliminary meta-analysis

Pre Post

Pre

Post

Vegetation Photo Points: South Vegetation Photo Points: South SloughSlough

Water Temp: South SloughWater Temp: South Slough

ResultResult: : Water Water temperaturtemperatures were es were lower post lower post restorationrestoration

Sediment Accretion RatesSediment Accretion Rates

Restoration Restoration SiteSite

Reference Reference SiteSite

Crims Is.Crims Is.[1][1] 1.11.1 0.10.1

Ft. ClatsopFt. Clatsop[2][2] ---- 1.01.0

Johnson PropertyJohnson Property[3][3] 2.12.1 ----

Kandoll FarmKandoll Farm[4][4] 2.62.6 -0.1-0.1

Vera SloughVera Slough ---- ----

[1] Measurements taken September 2006 and February 2007 [2] Measurement taken July 24, 2008 (restoration) 8/15/08 (reference). [3] Measurements taken 2005 and 2007.[4] Measurements taken 2005 and 2007.

Sediment Accretion Rates (cm y-1) at Paired Restoration & Reference SitesSediment Accretion Rates (cm y-1) at Paired Restoration & Reference Sites

Salmon PresenceSalmon Presence

Pre-Pre-RestorationRestoration

Post-Post-RestorationRestoration

Crims Is.Crims Is. NoNo YesYes

Ft. ClatsopFt. Clatsop Yes (sparse)Yes (sparse) Yes Yes (abundant)(abundant)

Johnson Johnson PropertyProperty NoNo YesYes

Kandoll FarmKandoll Farm NoNo YesYes

Vera SloughVera Slough NoNo NoNo

4 of 5 sites demonstrated increased fish presence post 4 of 5 sites demonstrated increased fish presence post project implementationproject implementationVera Slough outside of migratory pathway?Vera Slough outside of migratory pathway?

Summary--Is the response variable Summary--Is the response variable

trending in the desired direction?trending in the desired direction?

PPhhoottoo PPooiinntt

WWaatteerr TTeemmppeerraattuurree

SSeeddiimmeenntt AAccccrreettiioonn

RRaattee

JJuuvveenniillee SSaallmmoonn PPrreesseennccee

CCrriimmss IIssllaanndd YYeess ---- YYeess YYeess

FFtt.. CCllaattssoopp ---- CCoooolleerr iinn SSuummmmeerr

---- YYeess

JJoohhnnssoonn PPrrooppeerrttyy

YYeess ---- ---- YYeess

KKaannddoollll FFaarrmm

YYeess CCoooolleerr iinn SSuummmmeerr

YYeess YYeess

VVeerraa SSlloouugghh YYeess ---- ---- NNoo

Take Home MessageTake Home Message Long-term monitoring data is invaluableLong-term monitoring data is invaluable

Variability in level of effort / metrics between sites limit Variability in level of effort / metrics between sites limit analysesanalyses

Pre/post project implementation bare minimumPre/post project implementation bare minimum >10 year per site preferable to get long-term trajectory>10 year per site preferable to get long-term trajectory

Include report cards Include report cards lists project objectives and expected outcomeslists project objectives and expected outcomes monitoring data results then document whether objectives monitoring data results then document whether objectives

were metwere met

Restored sites are responding measurably to Restored sites are responding measurably to restoration actions on individual site scalerestoration actions on individual site scale

Differences in response among sites, for example Differences in response among sites, for example temperature and accretion rates, can likely be temperature and accretion rates, can likely be explained by differences in geomorphology, elevation explained by differences in geomorphology, elevation and locationand location

Important considerations in assessing cumulative Important considerations in assessing cumulative effects on large scaleeffects on large scale

How much is enough…and where should we focus our How much is enough…and where should we focus our limited resources for biggest uplift are difficult limited resources for biggest uplift are difficult questionsquestions

Thank you!Thank you!

Contacts for More Information:Contacts for More Information:Micah Russell (503) 325-0345 ext 18, Micah Russell (503) 325-0345 ext 18,

mrussell@columbiaestuary.org Catherine Corbett (503) 226-1565 ext Catherine Corbett (503) 226-1565 ext

240, 240, corbett@lcrep.orgcorbett@lcrep.orgHeida L. Diefenderfer (360) 681-3619, Heida L. Diefenderfer (360) 681-3619,

Heida.Diefenderfer@pnl.gov Blaine D. Ebberts (503) 417-7567, Blaine D. Ebberts (503) 417-7567, blaine.d.ebberts@usace.army.milblaine.d.ebberts@usace.army.milGary E. Johnson (503) 417-7567, Gary E. Johnson (503) 417-7567,

Gary.Johnson@pnl.gov Krista L. Jones (503) 226-1565 ext 239, Krista L. Jones (503) 226-1565 ext 239,

jones@lcrep.orgIan Sinks (360) 696-0131, Ian Sinks (360) 696-0131,

isinks@columbialandtrust.orgisinks@columbialandtrust.org