project : great pyramid of giza

8/11/2019 PROJECT : Great Pyramid of Giza

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Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza(also known as the Pyramid of Khufu

or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three

pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now El Giza,

Egypt. It is the oldest of the e!en "onders of the #ncient "orld ,

and the only one to remain largely intact. Egyptologists belie!e that

the pyramid was b$ilt as a tomb o!er a %& to '&year period

concl$ding aro$nd '*& +. Initially at %-*. meters (-% feet), the

Great /yramid was the tallest manmade str$ct$re in the world foro!er 0,&& years. 1riginally, the Great /yramid was co!ered by casing

stones that formed a smooth o$ter s$rface2 what is seen today is the

$nderlying core str$ct$re. ome of the casing stones that once co!ered

the str$ct$re can still be seen aro$nd the base. There ha!e been

!arying scientific and alternati!e theories abo$t the Great /yramid3s

constr$ction techni4$es. 5ost accepted constr$ction hypotheses are

based on the idea that it was b$ilt by mo!ing h$ge stones from a

4$arry and dragging and lifting them into place. +$ilding this in '&years wo$ld in!ol!e installing appro6imately && tones of stone e!ery

day.

lay seal bearing the name of 7h$f$ from the great pyramid. 1n display at the 5$s8e d$

9o$!re.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Khufu_seal.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre


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The Great /yramid

consists of an estimated

'.0 million blocks which

most belie!e to ha!e been

transported from nearby

4$arries. The T$ra limestone

$sed for the casing was

4$arried across the ri!er. The largest granite stones in the pyramid,

fo$nd in the :7ing3s: chamber, weigh ' to & tones and were

transported from #swan, more than && km (&& mi) away.Traditionally, ancient Egyptians c$t stone blocks by hammering

wooden wedges into the stone which were then soaked with water. #s

the water was absorbed, the wedges e6panded, ca$sing the rock to

crack. 1nce they were c$t, they were carried by boat either $p or

down the Nile ;i!er to the pyramid. It is estimated that . million

tones of limestone, ,&&& tones of granite (imported from #swan), and

&&,&&& tones of mortar were $sed in the constr$ction of the Great

/yramid. There are three known chambers inside the Great /yramid.The lowest chamber is c$t into the bedrock $pon which the pyramid

was b$ilt and was $nfinished. The socalled


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Modern entrance

Today to$rists enter the Great /yramid !ia the ;obbers3 T$nnel. This

t$nnel was already d$g d$ring the >irst Intermediate /eriod or d$ring

the New 7ingdom period and reopened by workmen employed by

aliph al5a3m$naro$nd #? '&. The t$nnel is c$t straight thro$gh

the masonry of the pyramid for appro6imately '@ meters (A ft), then

t$rns sharply left to enco$nter the blocking stones in the #scending

/assage. This strongly indicates that the robbers m$st ha!e known a

lot abo$t the inner architect$re. Bnable to remo!e these stones

howe!er, the workmen t$nneled $p beside them thro$gh the softer

limestone of the /yramid $ntil they reached the #scending /assage. It

is possible to enter the ?escending /assage from this point, b$t access

is $s$ally forbidden.

Polina Thanasara
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ma'munhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ma'mun


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2 School year: 2014-2015

project : great pyramid of giza

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