SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGNBachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

BUILDING SCIENCE II (ARC3413)

Project 2 INTERGRATION

Name: Jason Lim Chee Shen

Student ID: 0316791

Tutor: Mr. Rizal

TABLE CONTENT

- INTRODUCTION

- DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS

X-SPACE (Gallery Reading Area + Computer)

LIBRARY (Study Area)

- ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CALCULATION

X-SPACE (Gallery Reading Area + Computer)

LIBRARY (Study Area)

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVEThis project is an integration project with Design Studio 5 – Community Library in Jalan Tun HS Lee. The aim of the project is to integrate the understanding of the principles of lighting with relation to the context of our final community library design. The objective is to show understanding of lighting principles in design.

DAY LIGHTING FACTOR ANALYSIS

Ei = illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane

Eo = The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average day light level in Malaysia

(EH) is assumed to be 32000 lux

A standard sky is assumed to give a minimum level of illuminance on the ground.

According to MS1525, Day Light Factor distribution as below :

Zone DF (%) DistributionVery bright > 6 Very large with thermal and glare problems

Bright 3-6 GoodAverage 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 PoorDaylight factors and distribution

Nature Illumination Table

Illuminance (lux) Example

120,000 Brightest sunlight110,000 Bright sunlight

20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky1000-2000 Typical overcast day, midday

400 Sunrise or sunset on clear day

100 Very dark overcast day40 Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

< 1 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

X-SPACE (Gallery Reading Area + Computer)

X-Space in second floor plan

The X-Space area is located at second floor near the glaze façade thus exposing the area to full coverage of sunlight during the daytime.

Daylight Factor (DF) Calculation

Floor Area, m2 7.9m × 6.87m = 14.77m2

5.07m × 1.97m = 9.98m2

14.77m2 + 9.98m2 = 24.75m2

Area of Façade exposed to sunlight, m2 3.42m × 4.2m = 14.36m2

7.55m × 1m = 7.55m2

14.36m2 + 7.55m2 = 21.91m2

Open Area to floor area ratio(Daylight Factor, DF)

Area of facade exposedFloor Area × 100%

= 21.9124.75 × 100%

= 8.85%By using the daylight factor formula,

DF= Internalilluminance ,EiExternal illuminance ,Eo

×100%

8.85%= Ei20,000

×100%=1770 lux

The X-Space has a daylight factor of 8.85% and 1770 lux of natural illumination. Based on the requirements of MS1525, it is creating heat and glare problem into the X-Space which it needs a shading device or double skin façade in order to overcome the problem.

I propose to use Steel Framing façade to help reduce heat gain and glare into the space while still allowing light going into the space. The materials to because is perforated anodized steel frame and reflective anodized aluminum strip.

LIBRARY (Study Area + Book Storage)

Study Area in first floor plan

The Study area is located at first floor. This area located at the back lane and facing half of the wall together with window at the right side thus exposing the area to half coverage of sunlight during the daytime.

Daylight Factor (DF) Calculation

Floor Area, m2 8.72m × 6.72m = 58.59m2

6.72m × 6m = 40.32m2

58.59m2 + 40.32m2 = 98.91m2

Area of Façade exposed to sunlight, m2 3.45m × 2m = 6.9m2

3.85m × 3.85m = 14.82m2

3.85m × 2.8m = 10.78m2

6.9m2 + 14.82m2 + 10.78m2 = 32.5m2

Open Area to floor area ratio(Daylight Factor, DF)

Area of facade exposedFloor Area × 100%

= 32.598.91 × 100%

= 3.79%By using the daylight factor formula,

DF= Internalilluminance ,EiExternal illuminance ,Eo

×100%

3.79%= Ei20,000

×100%=758 lux

The Study area has a daylight factor of 3.79% and 758 lux of natural illumination. Based on the requirements of MS1525, it is considering bright for the study area but not too much which it doesn’t needs a shading device in order to overcome the problem.

I propose to use Double Skin façade with glass to maintain the brightness of the space and with a few numbers of artificial light from covered space with wall. The materials to be use is glass and aluminum frame.

Artificial lighting calculations

Task Illuminance Example of application

(lux)Lighting for infrequently used

area20 Minimum service illuminance

100 Interior walkaway and car park100 Hotel bedroom100 Lift interior100 Corridor, passageways, stairs150 Escalator, travellator100 Entrance and exit100 Staff changing room, locker

and cleaner room, cloak room100 Lavatories, stores100 Entrance hall, lobbies, waiting

room200 Inquiry desk

Lighting for working interiors 200 Gate house300-400 Infrequent reading and writing300-400 General offices, shops and

stores150 Reading and writing200 Drawing office

150-300 Restroom150 Restaurant, canteen, cafeteria150 Kitchen100 Lounge100 Bathroom

300-500 Toilet200-750 Bedroom

300 Classroom, library500-1000 Shop, supermarket,

department storeLocalized lighting for exacting

task2000 Museum and gallery, proof

reading, exacting drawing, detailed and precise work

X-SPACE

Philips LED Real Bulb A19

Voltage 120 VLifetime of lamps 25,000 hour(s)

Color temperature 5000 KLight output 450 lumens

Wattage 6 W6 WATT120li Dimension 4.3 inch (h) × 2.4 inch (w)

Beam angle 310 degreesLumen method calculation

Selected space Gallery Reading areaApproximate room dimension, m Length (L) = 9.87m, Width (W)=6.74m,

Height of ceiling (H) = 3.9mFloor area (A), m2 24.75m2

Types of lighting fixture Philips LED Real Bulb A19Lumen of lighting fixture (F), lm 2700 lx

Height of work level, m 0.8mMounting height (Hm), m 3.9m – 0.8m = 3.1m

Reflectance value Ceiling = 0.3, Wall = 0.1, Floor = 0.1Room index (RI), KRI= LxW

(L+W )×Hm

RI= 9.87m×6.74m(9.87m+6.74m )×3.1

=1.29

1.Utilization factor (UF) 0.43Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8

Recommended illuminance level (E) based on MS1525:2007

300

Number of lights required (N) N= 300×24.752700×0.43×0.8

N= E× AF×UF×MF

= 8 light bulbs needed

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR= 1Hm

×√ AN

SHR=Spacing betweenlightingsMounting height

SHR= 13.1

×√ 24.758

= 1.5

SHR= S3.1

= 1.5 × 3.1

= 4.65Approximate light fittings layout, m Fittings required along 9.87m wall:

9.87 ÷ 4.65= 2.1

= 2 rows

Number of lamps required in each row

Totalnumber of lights required (N)Number of rows

= 8 ÷ 2= 4

Spacing along 6.74m wall:6.74 ÷ 2= 3.37m

Thus, approximately 4 × 2 = 8 light fittings needed to fit inside reading

area

LIBRARY

Philips LED PowerBalance

Voltage 120 VLifetime of lamps 25,000 hour(s)

Color temperature 4000 KLight output 112 lumen

Wattage 25 WDimension 625mm (h) × 625mm (w)Beam angle 90 degree

Lumen method calculation

Selected space Study areaApproximate room

dimension, mLength (L) = 14.72m, Width (W)=6.74m, Height of ceiling

(H) = 3mFloor area (A), m2 99m2

Types of lighting fixture

Philips LED PowerBalance

Lumen of lighting fixture (F), lm

2800 lx

Height of work level, m

0.8m

Mounting height (Hm), m

3m – 0.8m = 2.2m

Reflectance value Ceiling = 0.3, Wall = 0.1, Floor = 0.1Room index (RI), KRI= LxW

(L+W )×Hm

RI= 14.72m×6.74m(14.72m+6.74m )×2.2

=2.1

1.Utilization factor (UF)

0.43

Maintenance factor (MF)

0.8

Recommended illuminance level (E)

based on MS1525:2007

300

Number of lights required (N)

N= E× AF×UF×MF

N= 300×992800×0.43×0.8

= 30 light bulbs needed

Spacing to height ratio (SHR)

SHR= 1Hm

×√ AN

SHR=Spacing betweenlightingsMounting height

SHR= 12.2

×√ 9930

= 1.5

SHR= S3.1

= 1.5 × 2.2

= 3.3Approximate light fittings layout, m

Fittings required along 14.72m wall:14.72 ÷ 3.3

= 4.4= 4 rows

Number of lamps required in each row

Totalnumber of lights required (N)Number of rows

= 30 ÷ 4= 8

Spacing along 6.74m wall:6.74 ÷ 8= 0.8m

Thus, approximately 8 x 4 = 32 light fittings needed to fit

inside study -

area