P r o j e c t 1 :

E x p e r i e n t i a l L a n d s c a p eTopic: 1. National Park

Group: NG

Members : Kok Xuan Ying (Leader)

Michelle Wong Sook Yin

Lew Quo Ming

Melvyn Poh Ern Meng

Soh Yong Zhou

Liew Cherng Qing (Mike)

Tutor:

Ms. Shazreene Nurjanna Shamsuddin

Overview• Definition of National Park

• Historical Background of National Park

• Characteristics of National Park

• Contextual study of National Park

• Activities around National Park

What i s a National Park?

- Natural area of land and/or sea.

- designated to:

- protect ecological integrity (unspoiled

landscape).

- provide educational and recreational

opportunities.

- Environment and culturally compatible.

- No size limitations of area.

- Able to accommodate overall population of the country.

Gunung Mulu National Park,

, Malaysia.

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/Gunung+Mulu+National+Park/@

3.9629527,114.7885656,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0xcc556a8cef339f29

Mulu National Park Plan View

Mulu National Park

Map View

http://www.wonderfulmalaysia.com/imgs/

map-mulu-national-park-sarawak-big.jpg

There are many caves in

M u l u N a t i o n a l P a r k

Characteristics• Area size of 528.6 km².

• Gunung Mulu highest peak : 2376 metre.

• Exhibited 3500 species of vascular plants.

• 109 types of palm species

• Sarawak Chamber (world largest known cave).600m by 415m and 80m high.

Histor ical Background• Officially known as national park in 1971.

• Joint expeditions led by Royal Geographical Society and

Sarawak government.

• 27 major caves were first found in 1980.

• Sarawak Chamber discovered in 1984.

• Sabotage incidents by Berawan tribe who claim

surrounding jungle are sacred in 1990s.

• 66,000 hectare of rainforest (biosphere) were set aside by

Sarawak government for indigenous people (natives) to

practice traditional lifestyle.

C o n t e x t u a l S t u d y- 3 mountains in park.

Mount. Mulu (2376m)

Mount. Api (1740m)

Mount. Benarat (1585m)

- One of largest limestone caves in world below surface.

- Many caves in park.eg. Sarawak Chamber (Largest cave chamber in world)

Clearwater Cave (Longest cave in South East Asia)

Deer Cave (Largest cave passage)

Lang Cave

- Penan village at Long Iman .

L i m e s t o n e

P i n n a c l e s ,

M o u n t . A p i

N a t u r a l f o r m e d

A b r a h a m L i n c o l n

Silhouette, Deer Cave

Penan people with unique traditions

B l o w - p i p e

H u n t i n g

Activities- Cave adventure, explore.

- Bat watching

- Canopy walk

- Camping

- Long Iman River walk + greeting locals

Long Iman River

C a n o p y Wa l k

Bat Watching

Landscape Features and

E l e m e n t sCave formation (Dissolution of limestone)

S i n g l e l e a f

Monophy l laea p lan t

L o o k s l i k e

crocodiles hanging

f rom the ce i l ing

Cave Formation

Shadow of

Mother Mary

Göreme National Park, Cappadocia, Turkey.

a.k.a. Land of Beautiful Horses

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/G%C3%B6reme,+Turke

y/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x152a67dc41ce40e9:0x89cd78142479892

0?sa=X&ei=N2XtVO6fCIPbuQSx5oC4AQ&ved=0CIIBEPIBMA4

Göreme National Park Plan View

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/G%C3%B6reme,+Turke

y/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x152a67dc41ce40e9:0x89cd78142479892

0?sa=X&ei=N2XtVO6fCIPbuQSx5oC4AQ&ved=0CIIBEPIBMA4

Göreme National Park Map View

Characteristics- Located in volcanic zone of Hasan Mountain and Erciyes

Mountain.

- 40km circumference.

- Consists of world-famous rock formation, fairy chimneys.

H i s t o r i c a l B a c k g r o u n d- Locals used to hide themselves away from battles.

- Monastic life (devote themselves to religion) in this area

around 3rd and 4th Century.

- Added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.

C o n t e x t u a l S t u d yKaymakli

underground citiesUnderground cities

Derinkuyu

underground cities

First underground city

open to visit -1964Background

Second underground

city open to visit

Most visited

underground cityVisitors

Second most visited

underground city

Wide Area Deep

Constructed around 100

tunnels going in and outTunnels Uses one same tunnel

4 floors Size

60m depth

(Largest excavated

underground city in

turkey)

Where they store their food

Very small tunnels throughout the

whole city to confuse the enemies

Kaymakli Underground City- 4 floors

- 1st and 2nd floor for food storage and

animal as living food source.

- 3rd floor to hide.

- deepest 4th floor are praying rooms to

pray for enemies to not find them.

Stone door

Winery

Because wine doesn’t expireunlike water, perfect for hiding

from enemies. No reliable water

source.In fact, they taste better as

time passes !

A c t i v i t i e sHot air balloon tour

begins everyday at sunrise

takes almost 1 hour and half for balloon tour

Preparing to

leave the ground

This is as close as you can get to take a look

on the Fairy Chimneys from the sky

Eroded plateau of Goreme valley : Fairy Chimneys

- Erosion of volcanic sediments by wind and water.

- Pillars and columns of 40m.

- Major remnant of erosion (1325m) is dominant feature.

Nearby Erciyes volcano is active with minor eruptions.

Network of caves within rock formations served as residences

to people.

Landscape Features and

E l e m e n t s

Summary & Comparison

Mulu

National Park

National

Park

Göreme

National Park

528.6 km² Characteristics 400 km²

Declared in 1971Historical

BackgroundDeclared in1985

Caves and Penan

Tribe

Contextual

StudiesUnderground Cities

Cave explore and

Canopy WalkActivities Hot air balloon

Limestone cave and

pinnacles

Features and

ElementsFairy Chimneys

Reference- UENSCO World Heritage Centre (1992-2015) “Göreme

National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia” Retrieved February 19th 2015, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357

- goturkey.com (2012) “Göreme National Park and the Rock Site of Cappadocia” Retrieved February 19th 2015, http://www.goturkey.com/en/pages/content/652/goreme-national-park-and-the-rock-site-of-cappadocia

• Mulu Park (2015) “Mulu World Heritage Area” Retrieved February 19th 2015, http://mulupark.com/about-us/mulu-world-heritage-area/

- Mulu Park (2015) “Geodiversity” Retrieved February 19th

2015, http://mulupark.com/education-and-research/world-heritage-information/

Q&A

T h a n k Y o u