progressives (1900-1917). reasons for movement –depression of 1890’s –social unrest movement...
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Progressives (1900-1917)
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• Reasons for movement–Depression of 1890’s–Social unrest
• Movement was a umbrella–Covers much
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• Groups–Political
•Urban bosses
•Corporate robber barons
–Goals•Honest government
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•Greater democracy•Effective regulation of bus.•Social justice for workers
• Kansas editor–William White
•“A progressive is a populist that has shaved and put on a clean shirt”
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• Social ills–Required new response, expand government authority.
• 1892 Populist party platform est.. reforms
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• Mugwumps–Fought the spoils system
• Socialist –Left wing of movement
• Muckrakers–Stimulated reform
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–T.R. named from Pilgrims Progress
–“A man that could look no way but downwards with a muckrake in his hands”
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• Lloyd- Standard Oil• Jacob Ruis- slums• Steffins- corrupt
government• Magazines
–Arena & McClures
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• Progressives–Strong on diagnosis weak on remedy
• Cure was enlightened democracy
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• Reforms of Democracy–Direct primary
–Initiative & referendum
–Recall
–17th amendment •Proposed 1912 ratify 1913
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• Gospel of efficiency–Frederick W. Taylor
•Scientific management
•Government reorganization–Est. lines of authority
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• Municipal government–Commission system
•Galveston 1901–City Manager Plan
• Robert M. LaFollette–Curb special interest
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• Progressive governors–Charles Hughes, N.Y.
–Hiram Johnson, Cal
• Regulation (controversy)
• Trust Busting
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• Muller v. Oregon–Upheld
• Bunting v. Oregon–Both men and women
• Triangle shirtwaist co–Leg to protect worker
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• Roosevelt Progressivism–Activist–Sought middle of road–Approached Trusts
• Square Deal–Business controls
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• Trust buster–Northern Securities
•Send your man to my man
• U.S. v. Northern Sec–Enforce Sherman Anti-trust
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• Swift & co. v U.S.
• 1902 coal Strike–Workers 20% increase
–10 to 9 hrs.
–Talk or I take over
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• Elkins Act–Illegal for corp. to give or take rebates
–Bureau of Corp.•No power but could lead to antitrust suits
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• Roosevelt overseas
• Taft betrayed–“Sold the square deal down river”
• Kansas 1910–“New Nationalism”
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• New Federal reg. Laws & direct democracy
• Wisest conservatism
• Robbert La Follette (Wis) NPRL
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• Taft attempted tariff reform–Reforms in industry
–16th Amendment
–17th amendment
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• Roosevelt returns
• Taft pushed through by political machine
• Progressive Party conv.–Bull Moose Party
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• Democrats–Unable to get nom.
–Compromise Canidate
• Woodrow Wilson–Gov. of New Jersey
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• Raised very strict background
• Bosses of New Jersey supported
• 14th ballot nomination• Roosevelt mudslinging
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• Wilson unlikely President–New Nationalism
•Achieve social justice
–New Freedom•Restore competition
–Socialist (900,000 votes)
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• Tariffs–special session
–Underwood - Simmons
• Federal Reserve Act–1913 = 12 regions
–decentralized money supply
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• Anti Trust Laws–Fed. Trade commission
–Clayton anti-trust act
• social Justice–women sufferage
–child labor
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• Whites only progressive–KKK
–segregation
• 1914–resurgence of progressive
–fed. Farm loan act
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• Farm demands
• labor reforms
• child labor–Keating -Owen CLA
• Limits of Progressive