Progressive Presidents

STD: 11.2.9 Objective:

Analyze the Progressive Presidents

APK

•  Progressive Movement •  4 Goals •  Social Gospel •  Americanization

Importance

•  Which of the following Presidents is viewed as the least Progressive

A. Theodore Roosevelt B. William Taft C. Woodrow Wilson D. None of the above

Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

Roosevelt: THE MODERN PRESIDENT

•  Roosevelt - youngest president

•  Established as a modern president –  influence the media –  shape legislation

CFU: What was Roosevelt able to create? What is the modern President? Pair Share: Does this idea still key in being a President?

TRUSTBUSTING •  Trusts – legal bodies

created to hold stock in many companies – –  By 1900, controlled 80% of

U.S. industries

•  Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits –  Under Sherman Antitrust

Act

CFU: What is a trust? How many did Roosevelt bust? Why does America dislike trusts?

Legislation •  The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

–  Meat Inspection Act of 1906 •  cleaner conditions for meatpacking

plants •  Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906

–  halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines

–  called for truth in labeling

•  Environmental Protection –  conservation a primary concern of his

administration –  national park system

CFU: What was created in response to The Jungle?

ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS

•  Failed to support Civil Rights for African Americans –  Supported individuals

•  Booker T. Washington •  The NAACP had 6,000 members

by 1914 –  Goal - full equality among the races –  Use the court system

CFU: What was Roosevelt’s view of civil rights? Pair Share: What effect would this have on the move towards equality?

PROGRESSIVISM UNDER PRESIDENT TAFT

•  Among his accomplishments, Taft “busted” 90 trusts during his 4 years in office

•  Increased Tariffs on foreign goods

Taft, right, was Roosevelt’s War Secretary

CFU: What was Taft known for?

WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM: CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT

•  In 1914 Congress enacted the Clayton Antitrust Act –  prevented companies from

acquiring stock from another company (Anti-monopoly)

•  The Act also supported workers unions

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FORMED

•  The FTC was formed in 1914 to serve as a “watchdog” agency to end unfair business practices

•  The FTC protects consumers from business fraud Today the FTC has been working on

protecting consumers from ID theft

CFU: What was the goal of the FTC? Pair Share: How does this fit into the Progressive movement?

FEDERAL INCOME TAX ARRIVES

•  Wilson worked hard to lower tariffs, however that lost revenue had to be made up

•  Ratified in 1916, the 16th Amendment legalized a graduated federal income tax

CFU: What was the goal of the 16th Amendment? Pair Share: How does this fit into the Progressive movement?

LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM •  Progressive era was

responsible for important reforms –  failed to make gains

for African Americans •  Like Roosevelt and

Taft, Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office

The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s

ELECTION REFORM

•  Citizens fought for, and won, –  secret ballots

•  voters marked their ballots while standing in a walled or curtained booth.

–  referendum votes •  vote on whether or not to pass

a law that was created by non-politicians.

•  Prop 19, Prop 8 –  Recall

•  remove elected officials by forcing a new election before their term was over.

•  Schwarzenegger –  Initiatives

•  A bill created by citizens instead of lawmakers. Allows citizens to create laws instead of always having to rely on politicians to make them.

•  Prop 19, Prop 8 •  In 1899, Minnesota passed the

first statewide primary system

CFU: What is a secret ballot? What is a referendum? What is an initiative? Pair Share: How would these changes lead to better voting of the citizens in

DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS •  Before 1913, each

state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators

•  Force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators

•  As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)

CFU: Who chose the senators? What was the 17th Amendment? Pair Share: How do you believe the 17th Amendment would change representation?

Importance •  The initiative, referendum, and recall

election were reforms seen as ways to A. limit government regulation of the

press. B. limit the role of the Supreme Court in

constitutional issues. C. increase citizen participation in the

political process. D. increase the influence of major political

parties.

Importance

•  Which of the following Presidents is viewed as the least Progressive

A. Theodore Roosevelt B. William Taft C. Woodrow Wilson D. None of the above

Closure •  What progressive issue did President

Theodore Roosevelt implement in law?

•  A He established and enforced anti–trust laws.

•  B He established the Meat Inspection Act.

•  C He established the Selective Service Act.

•  D Both A and B

Closure

•  Which president was the first and greatest supporter of the Progressive Movement?

•  A Franklin D. Roosevelt •  B Calvin Coolidge •  C Theodore Roosevelt •  D Harry Truman

Closure

•  All of the following were accomplished during Theodore Roosevelt’s administrations EXCEPT

•  (1 point) •  the breaking up of Trusts. •  The completion of the Panama Canal. •  The passage of the Pure Food and

Drug Act. •  The passage of environmental

Closure •  President Roosevelt’s progressive

record included all of the following except

A. establishment of the Federal Reserve System.

B. regulation of food and drugs. C. conservation of forest lands. D. breakup of several trusts deemed

harmful to the public.

Closure

•  In The Jungle , Upton Sinclair exposed A. dangers faced by coal miners. B. corrupt business practices of the

Standard Oil Company. C. unsanitary conditions in the meat-

packing industry. D. illegal deals between special interests

and the government.

Closure

•  The law that required truthful labels was the

A. Pure Food and Drug Act. B. Meat Inspection Act. C. Sherman Antitrust Act. D. Interstate Commerce Act.

Closure

•  The Sixteenth Amendment is the A. Women’s suffrage amendment. B. Prohibition amendment. C. Direct election of senators amendment. D.  Income tax amendment