progress of kisan credit card scheme in india 3.pdf27 volume 3 issue 1 2018 ajab admaa structure of...

26 Amity Journal of Agribusiness

Volume 3 Issue 1 2018AJAB

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Amity Journal of Agribusiness3 (1), (26-36)

©2018 ADMAA

Progress of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in India

Hardarshan Kaur & Navkiranjit Kaur DhaliwalPunjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India

IntroductionAgriculture has been the basis of Indian economy where majority of the population of the

country either depends upon agriculture for their livelihood or are engaged in agriculture occupation. Agriculture has been outpaced by the increasing technical and service sector development in the country although it is still a major contributor to the gross domestic product of the country. Over the period of time, the need of agriculture credit has also increased which has given rise to formal and informal sectors of lending. The banking sector reforms and nationalization of various banks gave rise to formal lending of credit to agriculture. The government along with RBI has introduced various schemes and programs in order to channelize the funds to rural areas of the country so that sufficient credit can be provided to farmers. The

AbstractThe quantum of financial assistance to agriculture in India has improved manifold since the financial

reforms. The government along with RBI has introduced various schemes and programs in order to channelize funds to rural areas of the country so that sufficient credit can be provided to farmers. It also emphasized on the need for creative credit instruments to support farmers and that gave birth to Kisan Credit Card Scheme. The scheme has been started in the year 1998 on the recommendations of Shri R.V. Gupta committee. The Kisan credit card scheme is a short term credit facility in order to provide agriculture credit in hassle free manner for production as well as consumption needs of the farmers. It facilitates in providing financial assistance to the farmers to meet their credit needs in relation to production, consumption as well as other allied activities throughout the year as and when required. The current paper reviews the progress of Kisan credit card scheme in the country since inception. The main objective was to examine the period-wise and agency-wise progress. The period of the study was from 1998-99 to 2012-13. The progress of KCC scheme was evaluated in the terms of number of cards issued and amount sanctioned under the scheme. The statistical techniques like mean, coefficient of variation and exponential growth rate were used to analyze the progress of the scheme. The study showed growth of the scheme in terms of number of cards issued and amount sanctioned during the study period. It was also found that commercial banks were ahead of cooperative banks and regional rural banks for cards issued and amount sanctioned under KCC scheme.

Key Words: Kisan Credit Card, AgencyJEL Classification: M0Classification of Paper: Research Paper

27Amity Journal of Agribusiness

Volume 3 Issue 1 2018 AJAB

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structure of agriculture credit in India comprises commercial banks, regional rural banks and co-operative banks. The scheme Kisan credit card was started in August 1998 in order to provide timely and hassle free credit for the production requirements of the farmers. The main purpose of the scheme was to meet the production as well as consumption needs of the farmers. It facilitates in providing financial assistance to the farmers to meet their credit needs in relation to production, consumption as well as other allied activities throughout the year as and when required. Credit assistance is required by a farmer for several purposes. This can be for the purpose of cultivation of the crops beginning from making the land cultivable, followed by cultivating the land, sowing, nourishing the crops, using fertilizers and pesticides etc. till the harvest of crops. The model for the scheme was prepared by NABARD for issue of Kisan credit card with consultation of some major banks and the scheme was circulated by RBI to be adopted by all the banks uniformly. The main aim of the scheme was to seek the problems of farmers regarding inadequate, untimed, uneconomic and short term credit needs. The scheme provides credit for crop production, ancillary and non-farm activities as well as consumption needs. The scheme was implemented throughout the country with effect from the year 1998-99.

Using the NABARD KCC scheme, the eligible farmers have been issued a Kisan Credit Card or Pass Book. Within the prescribed limit, there can be any number of withdrawals and repayments with the cash credit facility. In order to assess and fix the limit of a farmer, the annual total production credit needs include other auxiliary activities in relation to crop production. Within the due course, even the allied activities and short term credit needs pertaining to non-farming may also be covered. The limit of a farmer is set on the base of his productive land holding, crop pattern and financial scales and the discretion in fixing these sub- limits lies with the banks. The limit carries a validity period of three years and it is also a subject to periodic review. The facility even allows re-scheduling or conversion of credit due to loss to crops in case of natural disaster. On the other hand, the promotional and progressive benefits i.e. incentive for good performance or enhancement of credit limit due to inflation or changes in cropping pattern etc. are also given.

Review of LiteratureMehta et al. (2016) analysed the role of kisan credit card scheme in the rural India. The primary

motive of the study was to analyse the role of Kisan credit card scheme and provide suggestions thereof. It was observed that Kisan credit card was very effective popular tool of rural credit to finance the requirements of farmers in judicious manner. It was suggested that banks must make the process easy so that the farmers in poor performing zones can also get benefit from the scheme as well.

Gandhimathi and Sumaiya (2015) evaluated the role of kisan credit card system in the distribution of agricultural credit in the country. It was found that among the selected variables, rural branches of commercial banks, aggregate deposits, agriculture production, borrowing of commercial banks from Reserve Bank of India and the introduction of KCC scheme were significant to determine financial inclusion. Further, it was observed that the regression analysis and logit analysis proved that KCC improved the financial inclusion in the agriculture sector.

Maurya (2015) studied the role of co-operative banks in agriculture in district Mohali (Punjab) with the purpose to assess the impact of agriculture credit provided by co-operative banks in the study area. Further, it also studied the attitude of borrowers and lending agents towards farmers and assessed the impact of credit on assets, level of income, employment, savings etc. The study was based on primary sample survey conducted on 120 beneficiary farmers. The parameters used were utilization of land, amount of irrigation, cropping strength, output model, cultural practices,



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input arrangement, farm incomes, employment model, saving guide. It was found that almost all the parameters under the study had significant impact on co-operative banks lending in one way or the other. But banks failed to go long way to fulfill the credit requirements of the rural farmers. Further, it was also found that there was increase and decrease in the rural farm credit by institutional and non institutional agencies during the last five decades but the lending institutions faced many problems such as over dues and defaults. It was recommended that instead of giving cheaper credit, banks should also try to inculcate saving habit and monitoring arrangements and controls should be tightened.

Bindage et al. (2014) studied the economic impact of kisan credit card scheme for sugarcane crop in Kohlapur (Maharashtra). The main objective of the paper was to review the development in the number of Kisan credit card consumers and examine the rate and adequacy of loan under the scheme as compared to loan without KCC. For the purpose of primary survey, data has been collected from 60 KCC users and 60 non KCC beneficiaries selected randomly. The study has been conducted for the year 2010-11. The pre-tested and structured schedule has been used to collect information regarding borrowings, repayment, interest and cost of borrowing etc. Growth rate and tabular analyses had been employed in order to study the growth of KCC users and compare cost and adequacy of credit covered with KCC and those not covered with KCC. It was found that KCC users grew over the study period but it faced a slowdown in last few years of the study. The cost of credit was higher for credit not covered with KCC scheme. Further, the credit was found to be inadequate in both cases credit under KCC scheme and credit not covered with KCC. It was recommended that the banks should make efforts to encourage and educate the farmers about the benefits of KCC scheme as well as maximize their reach to cover all the farmers.

Godara et al. (2014) analysed the KCC scheme in the state of Haryana. The banks so selected were state regional rural banks and state co-operative banks. The main objective was to study the kisan credit card issued, sanctioned and disbursed by RRBs and state co-operative banks. The compound annual growth rate was calculated to examine the performance. It was found that the performance of regional rural banks was satisfactory as compared to co-operative banks. Further, it was suggested to educate farmers about the scheme, banks should open more branches and attention should be given to low performing regions and effective steps should be taken by government to improve the performance of KCC scheme.

Patil (2014) evaluated the function of commercial banks in financial inclusion through KCC scheme in India with the objective to analyse the bank group wise disbursement of kisan credit cards and credit to holders. It was observed that all the bank groups had made good contribution in financing poor farmers through Kisan credit card scheme. However, role of commercial banks was more significant than other two groups. It was observed that co-operative banks were facing problems due to political interference and wrong management. It was suggested that the co-operative banks should be taken care of by reducing political interference in order to motivate co-operative sector.

Laxyapathi (2013) evaluated the kisan credit card scheme in India and Karnataka in order to analyse the development rate of Kisan credit card users and study the impact of Kisan credit card on the production of the crops and income of the farmers. The respondents were randomly selected and information was obtained by way of questionnaire. It was observed that there was growth in the number of Kisan credit card users as new farmers were adopting this scheme every year. Further, there was significant rise in the production of crops and as a result, increasing yield leads towards increase in the income of farmers. It was suggested that introduction of biometric cards, weather based crop insurance schemes, simplification of procedure to obtain loan,



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initiatives by commercial banks as well as state governments, innovative insurance products can make Kisan credit card scheme more farmer friendly and efficient instrument of credit delivery.

Sharma et al. (2013) analysed the kisan credit card scheme among the beneficiary farmers and also studied the impact of same in Sehore (Madhya Pradesh). The main objective of the study was to review the adoption behavior of beneficiary farmers. 120 respondents were selected randomly and data was collected through survey method. The adoption behavior was measured in terms of borrowed amount, repayment pattern, income generation, gross income from crops and utilization of credit etc. It was revealed that the attitude of the beneficiaries was satisfactory towards Kisan credit card scheme. The short term loan had positive impact on the income generation, gross income from crops and productivity of crops. Further, the borrowers were regular in repayment of the loan except few defaulters and all were utilizing the credit for the production purpose only.

Shinde (2013) studied the impact of Kisan credit card scheme on farm economy and factors influencing adoption of scheme and constraints faced by the farmers. The secondary data was used and analyzed by using percentages and averages. The statistical tool of Cobb Douglas production function was used in order to assess the resource use efficiency. The factors which were influencing the adoption of Kisan credit card scheme were found by using a binary logit model and the Garrett’s ranking technique was used to rank the problems faced by the users. It was found that kisan credit card was popular product among farmers with great interstate variation in numbers and social economic factor was affecting the holding of Kisan credit card. It was suggested to train the borrowers regarding the procedure of obtaining Kisan credit card scheme to get more positive impact.

Thakur and Barman (2013) studied the basis of poor performance of disbursement and recovery of loan under the Kisan credit card scheme in the state of Assam. For the purpose of study, 150 farmers and 15 bank officials were randomly selected to take opinion on low disbursement and poor recovery of KCC credit. The data was collected by using semi structured open ended. It was found that lengthy paper work, weak recovery of loan, unawareness, insufficient credit limit, lack of motivation from bank officials, timeliness of credit and procedural difficulties for availing loans were the major reasons of poor disbursement of Kisan credit cards. Poor awareness among farmers for loan utilization, casual approach of bank follows up, weak government policy, misutilization of loan, involvement of commission agents were found to be the main reasons for poor recovery of loans under Kisan credit card scheme.

Olekar (2012) addressed the problems and constraints in effective implementation and quick coverage of Kisan credit cards with the specific objectives to analyze the disbursement of loans and volume of turnover of Kisan credit card, to assess the impact of Kisan credit card and cost of credit, to examine the constraints in implementation of the scheme and to suggest measures towards modification of the scheme. The research was conducted on 50 Kisan credit card holders and bank officers with the help of interviews and questionnaires in the state of Karnataka. The data was analyzed by using percentages, ratios and averages. The study finding could not establish any relationship between issue of Kisan credit card and increase in crop loan volumes. The cost effectiveness of Kisan credit card was not fully evident. Banks reported difficulty in maintaining crop wise loan issued and outstanding data and details of non borrowers. The field visit showed variance of the actual crop grown and crop considered under the limit. Money lenders crucial role in financing posed the problem for banks in strengthening the progress of Kisan credit card. It is recommended that co-operatives should be given flexibility in fixing the realistic credit limits. Further RBI should increase support to NABARD to enable it to refinance



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the consumption sub limits. For maintenance of proper data, the Management Information System should be strengthened.

Parwate et al. (2012) investigated the utilization of kisan credit card among farmers in Raipur (Chhattisgarh). The data was collected through personnel interview from a sample of 120 farmers which were randomly selected from 12 villages. To analyze the data, four point scale was used. It was found that 95.66 per cent, farmers utilized the Kisan credit card benefits for crop insurance and 85.33 per cent utilized full credit limit for the purpose and 40 per cent of farmers utilized the loan facilities under Kisan credit card for the whole cropping season. It was recommended that for increasing the productivity for sustainable development, efforts should be made to popularize the use of the Kisan credit card.

Patra et al. (2012) examined the impact and determinants of credit under kisan credit card scheme in India. The study was conducted in Cuttack district of Orissa state in India and the parameter used was number of cards issued. Sample farmers were randomly selected according to their land holding size. The data was analyzed using statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, percentage share, weighted average, growth rate, etc. It had been found that kisan credit card scheme was effectively providing institutional loan to farmers which in turn raised the number of new borrowers every year. Cost of cultivation was found to be most significant determinant of credit requirement. It was further suggested that banks should take initiatives for promotion of self help groups, farmers Club and innovative insurance products and should have more productive approach to make Kisan credit card a farmer friendly efficient instrument for credit delivery system.

Santhi (2012) studied the impact of Kisan credit card scheme on the farmers in Kanyakumari district. It was found that there was no relationship between the crop loan volumes and Kisan credit card. It was observed that most of the Kisan credit card-holders were not aware about the benefits and uses of Kisan credit card scheme.

Uppal and Juneja (2012) evaluated the performance of various banks in issuing Kisan credit cards and limit via Kisan credit cards for the period 2009 to 2011. The main purpose of this paper was to study the features of kisan credit card, agency wise and state wise progress of Kisan credit card. For the analysis, commercial banks, state regional rural banks and state co-operative banks were selected. For the analysis, statistical techniques like arithmetic mean, percentage and growth rate were used. For the performance evaluation, parameters like number of Kisan credit cards issued and amount sanctioned were selected. The study found that commercial banks were most successful in pleasing the aims of NABARD followed by regional rural banks. Overall average percentage growth rate of all the bank groups was 0.323 per cent which showed the efficient performance of Indian Banking industry in serving agriculture. It was further suggested that by strengthening the co-operative banks, more growth rate in issuing Kisan credit card could be achieved.

Mahavir (2010) evaluated Kisan credit scheme in Belgaum (Karnataka) and Sangli (Maharashtra). The main idea of this paper was to study the growth of KCC users, impact of scheme on crop productivity, cost effectiveness of scheme and constraints in the operation of scheme. The data was analyzed through percentages, averages, arithmetic mean, growth rate and the cobb-douglas production function. The sample farmers and bank managers were interviewed. The compound growth rate of KCC issued in Karnataka and Maharashtra was 28.69 per cent per annum and 24.96 per cent per annum respectively as there was consistent growth in KCC issued. In Belgaum, the growth rate was negative for number of accounts issued and amount sanctioned and in Sangli, number of accounts was positive and amount sanctioned showed negative growth



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rate. There was not much impact of KCC scheme on the crop productivity rather it depended upon the size of holding and utilization of resources as well. The cost of credit was higher in the non- Kisan credit card category as compared to that in the Kisan credit card. The main constraints identified were the high interest rates, non availability of credit other than production activities and inadequacy of credit. It was suggested to educate farmers about the scheme to achieve more growth. The KCC scheme should be extended to cover term loans and loans other than crop loans.

Rao et al. (2005) examined the Kisan credit card scheme and initiatives taken by Orissa state co-operative bank. The data was collected from the managers and staff members of co-operative banks at Bhubaneswar, Akhandeswar and Sishupalgarh and few borrowers. It was observed that Orissa state co-operative bank was first to start Kisan credit card scheme after launching of the scheme by Indian government. Kisan credit card was popularised among farmers by Orissa co-operative bank by bringing technology close to ruralites. It was found that the computerization of all co-operative banks and district level committees to review the implementation of Kisan credit card scheme and to conduct Kisan credit card holders meeting once in a year to deliberate issues were initiatives taken by Orissa co-operative bank. . It was suggested that co-operative bank should make efforts to have positive interventions for improving the scheme, efforts to increase in number of accounts, incentives for sincere borrowers, to provide adequate credit, to have some scheme for post harvest credit, to finance leased farmers, to provide term loans, loans for allied activities, to reduce transactional cost and to make use wider network connectivity.

Sahu (2004) examined the institutional finance for agriculture at macro and micro level to study the trends of institutional credit to agriculture before and after the introduction of the banking sector reforms. For the purpose of the study at macro level, 14 states on the basis of population and net domestic product were selected. The kalahandi district of Orissa had been chosen for micro level analysis. It was found that during the last decade, the flow of credit to agriculture sector had declined significantly due to increased lending rates. The association of agriculture credit flow was negative with investment in government securities, credit subsidy and proportion of credit provided by the co-operatives. It was found that in most of the states, the growth of agriculture credit was higher during pre-reform period in comparison to the reform period. The district level analysis was similar to that of the state level analysis in most of the findings. The analysis of flow of credit in Kalahandi district revealed that bankers were giving preference to lending for non-agricultural activities. It was also found that poor recovery, inadequate infrastructure support and low credit absorption capacity of the agricultural borrowers were main constraints in the supply of agricultural credit. It was recommended that better credit delivery system and reduction in cost of lending should be adopted.

Objectives of the StudyThe main intention of the paper was (i) to review the period-wise progress of Kisan credit card

scheme (ii) to study the agency-wise progress of Kisan credit card scheme.

Research MethodologyFor the purpose of the study, the period-wise and agency-wise progress have been studied. The

data has been taken for the financial years of 1998-99 to 2012-13. The progress has been calculated by using mean, coefficient of variation and exponential growth rate and presented in the form of tables. The data has been accumulated from various reports of NABARD and publications of Reserve Bank of India. The agency-wise analysis has been done for commercial banks, regional rural banks and co-operative banks providing Kisan credit card scheme during the period.



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Analysis

Period-wise Progress of Kisan Credit Card SchemeKisan credit card scheme was brought in the budget speech made by Finance minister of India

for the year 1998-99 and was implemented in the same year. Since then, the scheme has made rapid progress and upto March 2013, all the banks have issued 1285.82 lac cards in various states throughout the country. The period-wise progress of KCC scheme has been reviewed on the basis of selected indicators like number of kisan credit cards issued and amount sanctioned. The period-wise progress of Kisan credit card scheme in India for the year 1998-99 to 2012-13 has been presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Period-wise Progress of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in India

Year No. of Cards Issued (In lac)

Amount Sanctioned (Rs. in crore)

1998-99 7.84 23101999-00 51.34 75482000-01 86.52 164272001-02 93.41 258582002-03 82.43 262772003-04 92.47 217852004-05 96.80 341862005-06 80.12 476012006-07 85.11 467292007-08 84.70 499872008-09 85.92 466692009-10 90.05 576782010-11 101.69 726252011-12 117.60 916802012-13 129.82 126280MEAN 84.79 44909.33C.V. (%) 36.66 73.28EGR (%) 26.37 22.72

Table 1 explains that the mean value of number of cards issued by all the banks throughout the country was 84.79 and mean value of amount sanctioned was Rs. 44,909.33 crore. The number of cards issued was 7.84 lac in the year 1998-99 which increased to 129.82 lac in the year 2012-13 and registered a growth rate of 26.37 per cent during the period. The amount sanctioned under the Kisan credit card scheme was Rs. 2310 crore in the year 1998-99 which increased to Rs. 126280 crore in the year 2012-13 and registered a growth rate of 22.72 per cent during the study period. The number of cards issued showed more consistency (36.66) as compared to the amount sanctioned (73.28) during the period. Thus, the kisan credit card scheme has shown growth during the period of study in terms of number of cards issued and amount sanctioned under the scheme.



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Agency-wise Progress of Kisan Credit Card SchemeThe Kisan credit card scheme has been carried out by all the commercial banks, regional rural

banks and co-operative banks throughout the country. The position of progress made by these agencies in regard to Kisan credit card scheme in terms of number of cards issued for the year 1998-99 to 2012-13 is presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Agency-wise Progress of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in India

Year No. of Kisan credit card Issued (In lac)

Commercial Banks

Proportion in total (%)

RRBs Proportion in total (%)

Co-operative Banks


Total

1998-99 6.22 79.34 0.06 0.77 1. 55 19.77 7.841999-00 13.66 26.61 1.73 3.37 35.95 70.02 51.342000-01 23.90 27.62 6.48 7. 49 56.14 64.89 86.522001-02 30.71 32.88 8.34 8.93 54.36 58.20 93. 412002-03 27 32.76 9.64 11.69 45.79 55. 55 82. 432003-04 30.94 33.46 12.73 13.77 48.78 52.75 92. 472004-05 43.96 45.41 17.29 17.86 35. 56 36.74 96.802005-06 41.65 51.98 12.49 15. 59 25.98 32. 43 80.122006-07 48.08 56.49 14.09 16. 56 22.98 27 85.112007-08 46.06 54.38 17.73 20.93 20.91 24.69 84.702008-09 58.34 67.90 14.1 4 16. 46 13. 44 15.64 85.922009-10 53.13 59 19.49 21.64 17. 43 19.36 90.052010-11 55.83 54.90 17.74 17. 45 28.12 27.65 101.692011-12 68.04 57.86 19.95 16.96 29.61 25.18 117.602012-13 82.43 63.5 20.48 15.78 26.91 20.73 129.82MEAN 42 - 12.73 - 35.96 - 84.79C.V. (%) 48.62 - 52.47 - 36.10 - 36.66EGR (%) 14.27 - 22.84 - -2.67 - 26.37

Table 2 explains that during the period 1998-99 to 2012-13, the mean value of number of cards issued under Kisan credit card scheme in India was the highest in commercial banks (42 lac) followed by co-operative banks (35.96 lac) and RRBs (12.73 lac). The growth rate of number of kisan credit cards issued was found the highest in RRBs (22.84%) followed by commercial banks (14.27%), while the co-operative banks showed a negative growth rate (-2.67%). The number of cards issued by the commercial banks was 6.22 lac in the year 1998-99 which increased to 82.43 lac in the year 2012-13. The proportion of commercial banks in total number of cards issued decreased from 79.34 per cent in the year 1998-99 to 63.50 per cent in the year 2012-13. The number of cards issued by RRBs was 0.06 lac in the year 1998-99 which increased to 20.48 lac in the year 2012-13. The proportion of regional rural banks increased from 0.77 per cent in the year 1998-99 to 15.78 per cent in the year 2012-13. The number of cards issued by co-operative banks was 1.55 lac in the year 1998-99 which increased to 26.91 lac in the year 2012-13. The proportion of co-operative banks in total number of cards issued increased from 19.77 per cent in the year 1998-99 to 20.73 per cent in the year 2012-13. The variation was the highest in RRBs (52.47) followed by commercial banks (48.62) and co-operative banks (36.10) during the period of study.



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The amount sanctioned by different agencies during the period 1998-99 to 2012-13 is shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Agency-wise Progress of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in India

Year Amount Sanctioned (Rs. in crore)

Commercial Banks


RRBs Proportion in total (%)

Co-operative Banks


Total

1998-99 1473 63.77 11 0. 48 826 35.76 23101999-00 3537 46.86 405 5.37 3306 47.77 75482000-01 5615 34.18 1400 8. 52 9412 57.30 164272001-02 7524 29.10 2382 9.21 15952 61.69 258582002-03 7481 28. 47 2955 11.25 15841 60.28 262772003-04 9331 42.83 2599 11.93 9855 45.24 217852004-05 14756 43.16 3833 11.21 15597 45.62 341862005-06 18779 39. 45 8483 17.82 20339 42.78 476012006-07 26215 56.10 7373 15.78 13141 28.12 467292007-08 20421 40.85 9074 18.15 20492 40.99 499872008-09 25865 55. 42 7632 16.35 13172 28.22 466692009-10 39940 69.25 10132 17. 57 7606 13.19 576782010-11 50438 69. 45 11468 15.79 10719 14.76 726252011-12 69510 75.82 11520 12.57 10640 11.61 916802012-13 101090 80.05 13260 10.50 11920 9.44 126280MEAN 26798.33 6168.47 11941.2 44909.33C.V. (%) 104.63 72.09 45.70 73.28EGR (%) 28.86 38.93 8.80 22.72

Table 3 reveals that the mean value of amount sanctioned was the highest in commercial banks (Rs. 26798.33 crore) followed by co-operative banks (Rs. 11941.2 crore) and RRBs (Rs. 6168.47 crore) during the study period. The growth rate of amount sanctioned was the highest in RRBs (38.93%) followed by commercial banks (28.86%) and co-operative banks (8.80%). The amount sanctioned by commercial banks was Rs. 1473 crore in the year 1998-99 which increased to Rs. 101090 crore in the year 2012-13. The proportion of commercial banks in total amount sanctioned by various agencies under kisan credit card scheme increased from 63.77 per cent in the year 1998-99 to 80.05 per cent in the year 2012-13. Further, the amount sanctioned by RRBs was Rs. 11 crore in the year 1998-99 and was Rs. 405 crore in the next year which increased to Rs. 13260 crore in the year 2012-13. The proportion of regional rural banks increased from 0.48 per cent in the year 1998-99 to 10.50 per cent in the year 2012-13. The amount sanctioned by co-operative banks was Rs. 826 crore in the year 1998-99 which increased to Rs.11920 crore in the year 2012-13. The proportion of co-operative banks in total amount sanctioned was 35.76 per cent in the year 1998-99 which decreased to 9.44 per cent in the year 2012-13. However, the variation was the highest in commercial banks (104.63) followed by RRBs (72.09) and co-operative banks (45.70). The proportion of commercial banks was the highest followed by regional rural banks and co-operative banks in the total amount sanctioned by various agencies under kisan credit card scheme.



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ConclusionThus, the kisan credit card scheme has shown growth during the period of study in terms

of number of cards issued and amount sanctioned under the scheme. As far as agency-wise progress of Kisan credit card scheme is concerned in terms of number of cards issued and amount sanctioned, the commercial banks were ahead of co-operative banks and RRBs during the period of study.

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Godara, A. Singh, Sihag, Sukuntla, Dhanju, K. (2014). Performance of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Haryana Through Regional Rural and Cooperative Banks. Abhinav International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Management and Technology, 3(9), 47-54.

Laxyapati, E.T. (2013). An Evaluation of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in India and Karnataka. A Case Study of Gulburaga District . Indian Streams Research Journal, 3(7), 1-4.

Mahavir, S. A. (2010). An Economic Evaluation of Kisan Credit Card Scheme in Belgaum District of Karnataka and in Sangli District of Maharashtra (Thesis, University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad). Retrieved from www.etd.uasd.edu/abst/th9995.pdf.

Maurya, H. (2015). Role of Co-Operative Bank in Agriculture: A Case Study of District Mohali, Punjab. International Journal of Scientific Research and management, 3(1), 1922-1930.

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Sharma, A., Choudhary, S., Swarnakar, V.K. (2013). A Study on Impact of Kisan Credit Card Scheme among the Beneficiary Farmers in Sehore District of Madhya Pradesh. International Journal of Science and Research, 2(1), 154-157.

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Uppal, R. K., Juneja, A. (2012). Kisan Credit Card Scheme in India-Issues and Progress. Asian Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities, 2(6), 17-26.

Authors’ Profile

Hardarshan Kaur did her MBA (Finance) in 2009 and M.Phil (Commerce) in 2012 from Punjabi University, Patiala, India. At present she has completed her Ph.D from Department of Commerce, Punjabi University, Patiala, India. She has presented papers in various national and international seminars and conferences. She has a book in her credit and published numerous research papers as well.

Navkiranjit Kaur Dhaliwal did her M.Com in 1995, M.A (Pb. Admn) in 1996, LL.B ( Two Years) in 2000 and Ph.D in 2008 from Punjabi University, Patiala, India. She has been in teaching profession since past more than 17 years. She has number of research papers and a book in her credit. She has presented papers in various national & international seminars and conferences.

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