progress of dr. livingstone

Progress of Dr. LivingstoneAuthor(s): David LivingstoneSource: Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 12, No. 3 (1867 - 1868),pp. 175-186Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of BritishGeographers)Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1798968 .

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APRIL 27, 1868.3 APRIL 27, 1868.3 LETTER FROM DR. LIVINGSTONE. LETTER FROM DR. LIVINGSTONE. 170 170

had been seen to the south of the Lake Tanganyika, he felt sure that that man must be I;lvingstone, and now we have the proof of it in his own handwriting. After the reading of the despatches and letters, be would review the three possible routes which L*ingstone might follow, and specu- late upon the time which may elapse under each of these conditions, befole he might, under ProvidenGe, bring his glorious labours to a happy end.

The following Lettern from ged Despatches reRatiBg tq Dr. Livingstc>e were then tead:-

1. Letter to SIR R0DERICK MURC:HISON. " MY DEAR SIR RODERICE, " Bemba, 2pd Februaiyt J867.

" This is the first opportunity I have had of sendiIlg a letter to the coast, andt it is by a party of black Arab slave-traders from Bagamoyo, neat Zansibar. They had penetrated here for the first time, and came by a shorter way thaq we dld. In my despatch to Lord Clarendon I give but a meagre geographical reportt bepause the traders would not stay more than half a day, but, havinffl written that through the night I persuaded them to giv me an hour or twq this morning, and if yours is fuiler than his Lordship's you will know how to manage. I mentioned to him that I could not go round the northern end of Lake Nyassa, because the ?Johanna men would have fled at firat sight of danger; and they did actually flee, on the mere report of the acts of tha terrible Mazitu, at its squtherrl extremity, Ead I got them fiirly beyond th lake, thgy would have stuck to me; but so long as we had Arab sla,ve-parties passing us they werp not to be depended on, and they were such inveterate thieves it was quite a relief to get rid of them, though my following was wduced thereby to nine African boys, freed ones, from a school at Wassick Bobay. I intended to cross at the middle of the lakey but all the Arabs (at the orossing station) fled as $00I1 as they heard that the Ent,lish were coming and the owners of tWO dhows now on the lake kept them out of siaht lest I should burn them as slavers. I remained at the town of Mataka, which is on the watershed between the sea-coast and the lake, and about 60 miles from the latter. There are at least a thousand houses [in the town], and 3Wataka is the Xnost powelful chief in the country. I was in his district, which extends to the lake, from the middle of July to the end of September. He svas anxiops that some of the liberated boys should remain with him, and I tried my best to induce them, but in vain. lIe wished to be shown how to make use of his cattle in agriculture; I promised to try and get some other boys, acquawinted with Indian agriculture, for him. This is the best point I have seen for an influentiaT station; and Mataka showed some sense of right when his people went, without his knowledge to plullder at a part of the lake,- he ordered the captives and cattle to be sent back. This was his own spontaneous ayt, and it took place before our arrival; but I accidentally saw thXa straIlgers. They consisted of fifty-four women and phildren, about a dozen boys, and thirty head of cattle and calves. I gave him a triIlket in memory of his good conduct at which he was delighted, for it had not been without opposition that he carried out his orders and he showed the token of my approbatiqn in triumph.

" Leav;ng the shores of the ljake we endeavoured to ascend B:irk's range but the peopfe below were a-fraid of those above, and it was only after an old friend, :F;:atosa or Kiemasura, had turned out with his wives to carry our extra loads that we aot up. It is only the edge of a plateau peopled by varioun tribes of ManganJa, who had never been engaffled in slaving; in fact they had driven away a lot of Arab slave-traders a short time before. We used to think them all Maravi, but Katosa is the only Maravi chief we know. The Xan th?nda, or climbers, live on the mountains that rise out of the plateap. Thp

had been seen to the south of the Lake Tanganyika, he felt sure that that man must be I;lvingstone, and now we have the proof of it in his own handwriting. After the reading of the despatches and letters, be would review the three possible routes which L*ingstone might follow, and specu- late upon the time which may elapse under each of these conditions, befole he might, under ProvidenGe, bring his glorious labours to a happy end.

The following Lettern from ged Despatches reRatiBg tq Dr. Livingstc>e were then tead:-

1. Letter to SIR R0DERICK MURC:HISON. " MY DEAR SIR RODERICE, " Bemba, 2pd Februaiyt J867.

" This is the first opportunity I have had of sendiIlg a letter to the coast, andt it is by a party of black Arab slave-traders from Bagamoyo, neat Zansibar. They had penetrated here for the first time, and came by a shorter way thaq we dld. In my despatch to Lord Clarendon I give but a meagre geographical reportt bepause the traders would not stay more than half a day, but, havinffl written that through the night I persuaded them to giv me an hour or twq this morning, and if yours is fuiler than his Lordship's you will know how to manage. I mentioned to him that I could not go round the northern end of Lake Nyassa, because the ?Johanna men would have fled at firat sight of danger; and they did actually flee, on the mere report of the acts of tha terrible Mazitu, at its squtherrl extremity, Ead I got them fiirly beyond th lake, thgy would have stuck to me; but so long as we had Arab sla,ve-parties passing us they werp not to be depended on, and they were such inveterate thieves it was quite a relief to get rid of them, though my following was wduced thereby to nine African boys, freed ones, from a school at Wassick Bobay. I intended to cross at the middle of the lakey but all the Arabs (at the orossing station) fled as $00I1 as they heard that the Ent,lish were coming and the owners of tWO dhows now on the lake kept them out of siaht lest I should burn them as slavers. I remained at the town of Mataka, which is on the watershed between the sea-coast and the lake, and about 60 miles from the latter. There are at least a thousand houses [in the town], and 3Wataka is the Xnost powelful chief in the country. I was in his district, which extends to the lake, from the middle of July to the end of September. He svas anxiops that some of the liberated boys should remain with him, and I tried my best to induce them, but in vain. lIe wished to be shown how to make use of his cattle in agriculture; I promised to try and get some other boys, acquawinted with Indian agriculture, for him. This is the best point I have seen for an influentiaT station; and Mataka showed some sense of right when his people went, without his knowledge to plullder at a part of the lake,- he ordered the captives and cattle to be sent back. This was his own spontaneous ayt, and it took place before our arrival; but I accidentally saw thXa straIlgers. They consisted of fifty-four women and phildren, about a dozen boys, and thirty head of cattle and calves. I gave him a triIlket in memory of his good conduct at which he was delighted, for it had not been without opposition that he carried out his orders and he showed the token of my approbatiqn in triumph.

" Leav;ng the shores of the ljake we endeavoured to ascend B:irk's range but the peopfe below were a-fraid of those above, and it was only after an old friend, :F;:atosa or Kiemasura, had turned out with his wives to carry our extra loads that we aot up. It is only the edge of a plateau peopled by varioun tribes of ManganJa, who had never been engaffled in slaving; in fact they had driven away a lot of Arab slave-traders a short time before. We used to think them all Maravi, but Katosa is the only Maravi chief we know. The Xan th?nda, or climbers, live on the mountains that rise out of the plateap. Thp



176 LETTER FROM DR. LIVINGStfONE.

[APRIL 27, 1868. CAhiveta live more on the plains there; the Echewa still furtllel north. A7Ve went west among a very hospitable people till we thollcrht we were past the lonaitude of the Mazitu, we then turned north, and all but walked into the hands of a maraudinC party of that people. After a rather zigza course we took up the point we had left in 1863, or say 20 west of Chimana's crossed the Loangwa in 12? 4S' s., as it flows in the bed of an ancient lake, and after emerging out of this treat hollow ̂ re ascended the plateau of Lobisa at the southern limit of 11? s. The hills on one part of it rise up to 6600 feet above the sea. While we were in the lowlallds I could easily supl3ly our party with meat, larve game bein abundant, but up on these highlands of the Babisa no game was to be found. The collntry, havinC become depopulated by the slaving in which the people engaged, is now a vast forest, with.here and there, at wide intervals, a miserable hamlet. The grain is sown in little patches in the forest, and the people had nothina to sell. We had novv a vcsod deal of actual gnawing hunCer, as day after day we trod the 81QI)PY dripping forests, which yield some wretched wild fruits ancl lots of mushrooms. A woman can aollect a load of half a hundredweiCht: after cookinC they pouncl them into rhat they call porridge; but woe is me. ! they are good only for producinffl (lreams of the roast beef of bygone days. They collect six kinds and reject about ten, some as larcre as the crown of one's hat. When we vot to the Chambeze, which was true to the character of the Zambesi, in havinC abundant aninlal life in its waters, we soon got an antelope on its banks. Ate crossed it in 10? 34'. It was flooded with clear water, but the lines of bllshy trees which showed its actual banks were not more than fort; yards apart. NVe arrived here (at Bemba) on the last day of January; it is a stock- aded vil]age with three lines of defence, the inner one halrinffl a deep dry ditch round it. I think, if I am not mistaken, that we are on tlze watershed we seek between the Chambeze and Loapula. I have not had any time to take observations, as it is the rainy season and almost alwavs cloudy; but we shall rest a little here and get some flesh on our bones. We are about 10? 10' s. 31? 50' E. Altitude about 4500 feet above the sea. The Loapula, or Luapula, is said to be a X ery large ziver, but I hope to send fuller information from Tanganyika. l have done all the hunting myself, have enjoyed good health, and no touch of fever: but wte lost all our medicine, -the sorest loss of goods I ever sustained; so I am hopincr, if fever comes, to fend it of by native remedies, anA trust in the watchful care of a HiCher Power. The chief here seems a jolly frank person, but unless the country is insecure I don't see the vlse of his lines of circumvallation. He presented a cow on our arrival, and a huCe elephant's tllsk because I had sat on it. " I have had no news whatever from the coast since we left it, but hope for letters and our second stock of goods (a small one) at tTjiji. I have been unable to send anythinC either; some letters I had 57ritten in hopes of meetint an Arab slave-trader, but they all ' skedaddled ' as soon as they heard that the English were coming. -I could not get any information as to the route followed by the Portllguese in Coing to Cazembe till we were on the Babisa plateau. It was then pointed out that they had gone to the westward of that which from the Loanfflwa valley seems a rane of mountains. The makers of mapOs have placed it (the Porttlgtlese route) much too far east. The repetitioll of names of rirfers, which is commoll in this cotlntry, probably misled them. There are fbur Loangwas flowinffl into Lake Nyassa. " Would you kindly say to Captain Richards that I had to draw some rifles and ammunition from H.M.S. Wasp, and I sball feel obliged if he makes that right.

" With kindest regards to Lady Murchison, " I am, ever aSectionately yours,

" DAVID LIVINGHTONE.



DESPATCH FROM DR. LIYINGSTONE. 177 APRIL 2T, 1868.]

2. l)cspatch to the EARL OX CLARENDON, E.G. ETtansmitted by LORD STANLEY, Her Majesty's Secretary of State for

Foreign ASaire.]

" Bemba, lat, 10? l0' s., lonc. 31? .oo' E,, ;' MY LORD, 44 Februaly st, 1867.

" On OU1 arlival yesterelay at this town, we found that a party of black Arab slave-traders was ready to start for Bavamoyo, near Zanzibar, and could lemain only half a day to allow of our +sritina. The geo(Traphical l:natter 3nust therefore be short

" We could not go roulld the northern end of Lalre Nyassa, as we intended, artly because the country had been swept of plovisions by Zulu marauders, .md partly because I felt sule that the Johanna luen wotlld flee at si<Jht of danger, as they afterwards acttlally did, oll mere report, at its southerll end. By striliill, southwards we passed throuCh a depopulated tract of abollt one hundred miles, lout became acquainted with Mataka, the most influential chief oll the xvatershed between the coast and the lake. His torvn consists of at least 1000 houses, and, the altitude above the sea beinffl over 3000 ft., the climate is cold in July. Some of his people had gone to Lake Nyassa to plunder without his knonTledge, and he ha(l ordered thc caltives arld cattle to be sent back. It was gratifying to filad that this was his spontaneous act and I accidentally got a sicrht of the party, and found it to consist of 54 women and children, a dozen boys, ancl about 30 heaz1 of cattle. WVe remained a collsiderable tilne in his tolvn, and lonter in his district, which extends clowrl to Lake Syassa, 50 miles distant. tIe xvas very anxious that some of the freed toys from Nassick school should remain with hirrl to show the use tllat could be made of his cattle in aCricultllre, btlt I could not prevail on ally one to renzain. ()ne had discovered two uncl.es in the town, btlt refilsed to live wit]1 them. ' How can I remain where I have no mother and no sister ? ' -as his

invariable answer to the request for him to stop. I promised to endeavour to get some lads from the same school, wllo had acquired a l,nonvledge of Indian aCriclllttlre, to show him holv to make and use plout,hs.

" Mataka provided amply for OUx wants a1ld safety Lvhile in his clistrict, but he could not control the Arabs, who have placed two clhows on tlle lake, an(l kept them out of OU1 reach lest e shotllcl burn them as slavers. I was therefore forecd to o lound the southern cstrelllity of the lake, instead of across the middle. Tllere lve visited the three luost important Waijan chiefs and those +rho are still the greatest slave-traders in the countly. I do not ]now wllat effect, if any, our larotests and explanations ̂ A7ill have, but it seemed to be the filst time they had heard their conduct c()1ldenlnecl. They were vely hospitable; and thell an Arab, loelollgin(r to a slavini,-lral tv whicl had been pltlndered of its slaves, came to us, and so wrought on the fears of the JohaIlna mell by tales of the terrible Maz.itu, Ol Zulus, that their eye, acttlally stood out with telror. They ran axvay under the sole influence of fbar, and left nle with only nine WassiclS boys, l'he Johallna men had proved therllselves such inveterate thieves by the wa.y, that it +N7as a relief to get rid of thelll.

" NVe had been in Slatala's distlict fiom the micldle of July till the elld o? September, and in the beCioning of October tried to ;o westward, so as to avoid the Mazitu altoget.ller; but the people o-f Iiatosa, O1 Kienassura, were aflaid to take us vIp Kilk's rallCe, because somc Arab slasTe-traders had Leen dliven thence by the exasperated i.nhabitallts. Katosa tlied to get carriers fol ns, but in vain and being an old friend, he at last turned out vith his wives to do the work himseif. Six stout ladies took up ollr loads and soon shamed the yollllC uen with their sharp tongues. Thc ran(re is oniy the edae of a hiah plateau +X7here the people, all Man<,anja, have llOt yet been led into btlyin;, and sellizlcr

VOL. X 1I. P



178 DESPATCH FROtif DR. LIVING STONE. EArRIL 27, 1868.

each other. We found them to be equally afraid of onr people beloxv, and, like all the interior people who have not been in contact with slavery, very lind. I gave a present of a cloth, and crot arnple ro-isions cooked for supper to the whole party, and breakfast. the next mornin. T'he people were supposed to bc Maravi, but are in fact Manaanja, under diSerent :llames, as Kanthtlnda, Chipeta, Echewa, &c. Their land its high and cold. Their huts ale plastereci all over, even on the roofs, for the salie cyf heat by nit,ht. They are great agricultulists, and so :nany in rlumber tllat olle sillae is scarcely esrer a mile frorn some other. We made short marches, and had a areat deal of intercourse with these mountaineers arld possibly our account of the evils of the slave- 1;rade may keep them from en(raoinC in it headlong, as most Africans of this race are but too ready to do. The chief who had driven off the Arabs lvas delighted when I said I wished he wonld treat in the satne manner all s?arinC parties of whatever colour, but compla,ined that his countrytnen xvould llot join with him ill expellina an illVasion. This is true, for each villaCe beillr irldependent of every other, they have no luore cohesion than a rope of salld. " As we went westward to avoid tlle MaZitU5 re tul ned northwards as soon as we were past the lonCitude of their colmtry, and nearly walked into the hands of a palty out plundering. tWe met two villaCers fleeinc from them to some mountains, alld went in the same direction in order to defend ourselves and them but the Mazittl, after plunderinC the villages to mrhich we were plo- ceeding, turned oS to the soutll-east. As we went northwards we saw more and more of their devastations, and suSered considerably from want of plovisions. Crossing the lJoanawa and the great valley in which it flovvs-the bed of an ancient lake-- we elltered Lobisa, a coulltry of the Babisa, and for the first time got informat.ion as to the route the PortuCuese followed in goinC to Cazembe. It is placed by- the map-makers very mucll too far east. Bte nevel came upon it, so trod on nelv ground. It will en<able one to form an idea of the way we svent, if he conceives us goinC westwards from Katosa's and then northwards till lve take llp the point at which -e left off in 1863. The watershed between the Loangwa and Chambeze rises up to 6600 feet. The Chambeze xvas crossed in latitllde 10? 34' s. It had flooded all its banks with clear water, lout tlle lines of trees showincr its actual size were not more than 40 yards apart. I think that we are now on the watershed, thouCl1 not the highest part of it, betveen Chambeze alld Loapula. We have stlSe1ed a Ureat deal from guawinC huncrer. The Babisa, who were amoag the first natives to en(raCe irl slavery, have suSered its usual eSects, Their country is depopulated, and the few inhabitants, now livinC at wide intervals frola each other, had no provisions to sell. Tn the Loangwa valley and also in that of the Chambeze, I had no difficulty in securinu; supplies of meat with the rifle; but Lobisa had no animals, and we had hard lines in marchinffl throuCll its driI?pinC forests. ANTe had no difficulties with the natives other than those petty annoyances which are not wantinC in even the smoothest life, and certaialy not such as an explorer sllould moaIl over. This town has a treble line ()f stockades, and a deep ditch rovlnd t.he inner one. The chief seems a frank, jolly person, and, havinC cattle, we mean to rest a little with him. We are very much emaciated but, like certain races of pigs take on fat kindly. Our sorest los3 has beeIl ail our medicines MJe are 4500 feet above the sea but, havin(r raills ever;so day, feel that we need, like the cattle of the people, the protection of huts. I rearet that my geoCraphical notes must be so scanty, but hope to send fuller information from Tallganyika. Our proaress hitherto has been very slow. The boys cannot go more than 7 or 8 miles a day with their loads, and tl1at is enouU,h for nle too with only 3 heavy rifle.

"I al1l, Ac, " ])A.\rID LlVlEGS5:ONE.



LETTER tROM DR. tIVINGSTOfE. ;174 APRIL 27, 1868.]

3. Letter {o DR. SEWARD, Clons?Xt at 7anzibar.

' MY DEAR SEWARD, " Remba, 1st Febluary, 1867. " I send you my despatcll to Lord Clarendon, and beC you to send a copy

for Sir Bartle lfrere's private information. I cannot possibly copy it, and have not taken a copy of the concluding sheet, nor of the geoCraphical despatch.

" We found a party of Bagamoyo slavers here, all ready to start and hungry, so cotlld not expect theln to wait lonCer than a day. One of theln was with Speke, so understands the na.tllre of despatches, and I think they will be de- livered. I send at the same time the documents you kindly lent, with many and sincere thanks.

" I sent a letter to go w-ith the sepoys, but in charge of an Arab slaver named Suleiman, and fear that these fellows may have destroyed it. I shall first ris-e you from memory the heads of the indictment.

" The sepoys seem to have planned my compulsory return as soon as they had kitled all the beasts of burden * one camel they beat with the butts of theil' gUIlS till he expired on the spot, and a mule was killeds certain sores Lvere clllelly probed and lacerated when I was not ill sight, and I came upon them one day when one was maulinffl a poor canlel with a stick thicker than his alm; next day we had to leave it with inflammation of the hipjoint, the point where I saw the blows directed. rl'hey aave or paid 8 rupees into the hands of our Arab guide, to feed and take them down to the coast when the animals were all nearly done for, so sure were they of returnint, v7ith their scheme triumphant. CL'he havildar was seen payintr the money by one of the Nassick boys. Then when lve came to a part where provisions were scanty they refused to obey orders to come up to me, A7hith.er I had gone to secure provisions; and they would not rise in the mornings though called by the havildars, but I saw reason afterwards to believe that the havildars and Naik were art and palt in the plot. A Ureat deal of blvlbbering took place when l hauled them up, to send them lDack as prisoners. I sentenced the Naik to disratement, and all to carry small loads as ptlnishment, but they were such a disCraceful-lookin(r lot, and by disobedience had prevented my carryinC out the only plan of getting provisions, namely by going forward and seIldinC in all directions to purchase them, that they had to suffer hunger, Wlhey sold their cartridaes, gave their muskets and belts to people to carrS for thetn, telling tllem that I would pay fol carriaCe, lay down perpetually in the march, and went to sleep. This was their custom all the way from the coast and they were so filthy in their habits, svhile we had plenty of food gorging themselves, then putting the finaer down the throat to relieve their stomachs and, lastly, they threatened to shoot the Nassick boys when away from EuU,!ish power in some quiet l)lace, because, as they supposed, the boys vfere my leformants.

" I sent them back from Matalsa's, leavin sixty yalds of clotl with that chiet to- give to the trader Suleiman, who was expected, and came a few days afterwards, to convey them to the coast. This cloth was amply sufficient tor all theil expenses. But I heard that the seven Mohammedans did :uot go with Suleiman, but remaiIled at Matalia's, where food svas abundant, and where their pay would be running on. They had their belts and ammunition-pouches, and muslzets and batronets, all complete then. rl'he havildar pretended that he still wanted to go on with me; he thought I did not understand the part he had played: ' They won't obey me, and what am I to do ? ' was his way of speakin?. ' Brin;, the first mall to me whe refuses a lawful order, and I shall make him obev.' None was everbrollait. When he talked of goint to die with me, I said nothing. He soon t,ot slllky, and was a useless dra. I had to pay two yards of calico per day for calaiaae of his bed and cookinc, things;

P 2



BETTER FROM DR. LIVINGSTONC 180 [APRIL 27, 1868-,

and collld lllake no use of h;1l. lIe could nottdivide provisions cvell tvithout leartiality, nor measure off cloth to the natives without cheatinC thelll. He complailled at last of unaccountable pains ill his feet, ate a whole fowl for stlppel, slept soundly till daylit,ht, and thetl colllnlellced ftlriotls groallin ,. He3 carried his bed one nwile tlle niCht before without oldeis, thell ave of his musket and belt to a llative, to biind me as to his havinC stolen and sold the cartridges. The native carriers wollld not follor us throuCh a poltion of jun?,le, an(l srhell I sent baclS for the loads, the gallant hav71dar wfound sittinC by his own baCga(re and looking os while the carliels paid themselves lJy opcnino one of the loacis. He then turned lJack to join his felloxvs at iNIataka's * the country abounded in provisions, and the people were very liberal.

" The Johallna men fled flolll sheel terror of an enemy they never saw. I shall pay thela what they cleserve; but celtain advances wele made to tlem, basides 291. 4s. by Captain (Tarforth, which I must cleduct.

" AVe have lately had a great deal of hunt,er: not a want of fine dishes, bul; lvant of a11 dishes except lllushlooms. The railzs ale vely heavy, and for Si,Y weeks we have had haId lines. 1'he iBabisa cotlntry is depopulated by their on ,slavin. WATe are gOillg to rest here a little, and may be at Tanaanyika by AIay, but we tlave1 slowly.

' I have had no information whatever from the coast, If you can selld atly- thillC more to U jiji, on Lake 'llanganyika, please send 50 lbs. of cofiee, a small lsox of candles, a stick of sealilgo-wax, a cheese in tin, a small box of soap, some French preselved meats, half-a-dozen bottles of Port lvine well packed and some quinine and calomel, and resin of jalap, don't exceed these quantities, elease, for lleavy thinCs ave cantlot carry. Please pay for them +sitll what you lwave ill land. rl'he solest loss I evel sustained +as that of my nzedicilles every grain of them, except a little extract of hyoseyamus. NVe had plenty of provisiolls after we left Lalie Nyassa, but latterly got into soie huncer,

" Don't think, lease, that I malSe a moan over nothin(t btlt a little sharpuess of appetite. I am a mere ruc1sle of bones, clid all the hunti1lC myself, and rvet, llungel, and fatiaue took aulay the flesh.

" Captain Frazel's rifle clid aood service it is a splendid weapon; I feel exe tlenlely thankful for it.

"If Dr. Kills is +rith fiou, will you give him all the i1lformation with kind efralds. I callnot aTvlite to him at present. " Tlle llead-mall of the slavin(t pelrty is named ' Magultl mafupi Nadim Sirial

(x Lamji.' Itold him to talSe the paclvet to the Sultall, as a letter for his Hig11ness is Oll the outside, and you n70tlld pay whatevc1 +A-as riCht for the Sel'ViGE on llly accouIlt. O

" illespatches are opetl, they may adhele fiom damp. " DAVID LIVINGSSONE. "

qthe follovilag Despatcll of Mr. Chtlrchlll, H.M. C:ollsul at Zanzibar, to Lold Stanley, was nest read:- 4s}IY LORD7 XSZ8nFibart 27th JEl1U81Y, 1868;

" I have the llonorlr to re1)Ort the leteipt of lektels flom Dr. LivinCstone. "Bundouky (Gllu), or Mllguru Mafupee (Short LeCs), as his real name appeal s

to be, who was said some four laonths aCo to be on his ay to the coast arrived on the 24th inst., antl delin7ered the lonC expected and N7elcome letters into my hands.

" While others who had left \Veml3a with Bundollky had reached this mol1ths ago, he had been, within a fe^v days, a whole year on his journey. His excuse, +hich is aftel all a bood one, is tlaat hc z^7as detained in thc interior by l)llsiness.

"Dr. Livingstolles lettel^s, whicll I llave the honour to t1t1nsmit to yollr Lord.ship, as pel nccompanyinU, list, +vill speals ior thelBsel+tes.



APRIL 27, 1868.] DESPA1'CH FROM CONSUL CHURCHILL. 181

" He vvas first deterred from; pa3sing to the north of tlle Nyassa by the dread his followers had conceived of the merciless Zulu or Mazitu tril)e inhabitin the north-^vest l)orders of the lalie. In proceeding towards the southern ex- tlenlit,y, tlue behaviour of the sepoys ̂ s-as such-killinC, as tlley did, the beasts vf burthell, with the hope of inducillg the travellel to return that they had to be dismissed. The havildar had to be sent away ne.xt, aIld oll attaininC the south er.d of the Nyassa Lake tlle Johanna men left in a body. Dl Livinstone, little disheartened by the clismemberment of llis party, proceeded on his joulney with only nine lads, hardly capable of carlyinn his lighter loads; and artet nzany difficulties and pr;Yatio;sX of which hc will, it is to 1)e hoped, lilre to lrive an account, he arrin-cd on the Ist February, 1867, at Bemba or Wemba. Dr. LivinCstone expectecl to reach tlze T'anCallvika by the month of May last, and will have been at Ujiji in June. At Ujiji he vwill have found provisions and medicines sent to him in Jtll) 186d, by Dl. Seurard. It is little lilkely that further prosTisions sellt to him now, reachirz Ujiji, as they probably wotlld, a year after his expected arrival there, would evel be received, particularly as no direction of his course is given after that place. Bundouky and his two companions, one of whom laad accompanie(l Captain Burton to the Tanganyika as one of the 'sons of Rumjee' were questioned with reference to the ,eo?raplly of the country betveeIl iATemba and the coast, and from their description it would appear that no river of any magnitude had beell crossed anywhele. Nor does Dr. Livislt,stone mention the existence of a river of any size other than the Chambesi, or Zanlbesi, and the Loapula, which do llot join the Tanaanyika or the NZ7assa. Under such circumstances (a complete circle havin(t been described round the Nyassa conjointly by Dr. Livinstone and 13undoulXy's party), the impoltant question of the disconnection of the Nyassa and the Tanganyilia, as Dr. KirkN-ell observes appears to lze satisfactorily solved.

" It may be interestinb to t-our Lordship to reacl what Bundouky and his compalliolas say relative t(3 the country they llave travelled o^er * and althougl intormation of this nature cannot be inlplicitly relied Oll, it is, nevertheless not quite valvteless. I becr leave to transmit to your Lorclship a tlanscript of

iI3undotlky's replies to my questions. " The Johanna zuen deserve punishment for the want of truth they have

exhibited in leportin(t 3)r. Livingstorle's death. I prollose addressing llis Elghness Sultan Abdallah and Mr. Sunley on the stlbject, as soon as an opleortunity oWers,

" I h5re, &G., ' LEI. G. W, CHURCHILL."

'l'lle followina Postcript to a lettel of later date, fiolll Mr. Churchill, ̂ ras also read:

"P.S.-We llave further nexvs of Dr. Livingstone's arrival at l-ijiji tonalels tlle middle of last Octobel, as arotll IZolclshi) will perceiare from Issa lJe Abdallah's statement.

" Febrtustry 7th, 1868. '

" ,Statement of IS6A BEN ABnALLAE KHARRUSEE, an itor3 merchant, ?l)ho Jlas test arrived from Uvijzi.

" I left Ujiji oll October X, and went to Salusee, xviere I remailled ten days previous to setting out for the coast. While there I learut tlzat an Europea az1 Englishman, ha(l arrived at Ujiji. Mnsst, a person established at lAjiji was expecting him ̂ hell I was at Ujiji.

" TlanSC1ibeCI l)Y H. A. CHURCHILI,. " Zeeez:i7ar, St7w Fcbrzary 1868."



182 - LETTER FROM DR. LIVINGSTONE [Aev; 27, 1868.

T}le PRESIDENT then read extracts from a letter which had been addressed

by Dr. Livingstone to Sir Bartle Frere, late Governor of Bombay, under whose

auspices the expedition started;- ' Bemba, lst February, 1867,

" I had no prospect of sending coastwise, but here I met a party of black

Arab slave-traders from Bagamoio, near %anzibar, and while they agree to take

a packet they will not wait more than half a day for me to write * they have

come here for the first tizue, about 10? 10' s. lat., and 31? 50 E. lon.

" We have been a lonC time in makinC our way here, but some of the delay

was pleasant, for I had intercollrse with people who had not enaaged in the

slave-trade. We came round the sotlth end of the lake. 1: was apprehensive

if I took my Johanna men roun(l the northern extreInity they would bolt at

the first sight of danger. They actually did run away on mere report of the

doins of the terrilule hIazittl or Zulus, and I llras left rvith a following of nine

Africans, sis of whorll are Nassick boys. The Johanna men had proved them-

selves such thieves it was a relief to get rid of them. The most influential

chief on the watershed between coast and lake, called Mataka, wished very

mucll that some of the boys would remain with him and show the use that

could be made of his cattle in aCriculture. Abraham met two uncles there

but no entreaty would induce him to remain, though Mataka was extremely

liberal and seemed to please theln all. ' Ilow can I stop where I have no

mother and no sister?' was the invariable reply. I promised to try and get

some boys acquainted with Indian aOricultule from the same schoole but the

system of teacllincr for India and not for Africa had better be a]tered Abra-

ham has done ̂ ,ood service to me since, so I have llO reason to be clissatisfied

with hinz. " I was obliCed to go very cautiously, and seven or eight miles was all we

could accomplish in a day. NVe ls-ent westwards from the west of the lake,

ascended }<irk's ranCe, which is only the edge of a plateau densely peopled

+^7ith various tribes of Mantanja who have not t et enCaaed in slavina. After

going westwards till we were past the lonCitude of the Alazitl, we turned to

the north, and takin up tlle point we left off at in 1863, we continued our

ortherly course, at times maSking a little westing. We crossed the wide

valley in which the Loangwa flows the bed of an ancient lake then ascended

the heit,llts of Lobisa in the southern borders of lat. 11? s. Here we came

to a depopulated c()untry, an immense forest. Tile Babisa were eaaer slave-

traders, and the rtlin that has followed that traic is now apparent in oIllv a

few hamlets occurrint, at wide inters/rals) and small patches of a species of

milleS at variotls parts in the jungle. The peolhle had little or no grain to sell -

they were living on loushrooms chiefly. Wllile il:l the valley of the Loangwa

we had plenty of ̂ ,ame, and easily kept the pots boilino, but here not a beast

was to be seeIl' arltl daily trudginC throtlgh dripping sloL.py forests, with the feet

almost cotistantly wet, and {rnawinC hunael in the inner man, took the flesh

O? OUI' bones. We crossed the Chambeze,^as the Zambesi is here called, in lat.

10? 34' s., OIlly 40 yalds wide; but it had plenty of animals on its banks, and

we soon got a supply of meat. This, the chief town of this side of Bemba, has

a. treble stockade round it, the inner line havinC a deep ditch besides. If I am

not naistaken, we are on the watershed between the Chambeze and the Luapula,

which is said to flow into the Lake Tan,>nyikm It is said to be very large; but

I hope to let you knou better fiom the lake itselD; where I hope to finei letters

and our second supply of go()ds. Vire are 4,<)00 feet above the sea, the tem-

perattlre cool, and the rains mole abundant than I ever saxv them in Afiica,

-Very fe\v da) s pass without a. shower. The interior is chiefly forest, and ex-

cessively leafy: one can see but a libtle way off fiom an elevation. The

tum-copal and another tree abound, with rhododendrons and various evergreen

treesthe tsr.o filst ftlrnish the barl-<;loth wsrhich is tlle princir!nl cl(-)thint, of



APRD 272 1868.] TO SIR BARTLE FRERE, -183

the people. We have bad no difficulties with the natives. Hunger and wet have been our greatest hindrances. We could not for some time find out where the Portuguese route to Cazembe lay, but it has been placed by the map-makers too far east. Hence they had no mountain chains such as we have met with. The watershed between the Loangwa and the Chambeze is 6600 feet above the sea.

" In aase the sepoys destroyed my letter svhich I sent back with them, I may say that their scheme was to force me to return as soon as they had killed all the beasts of burden. The havildar actually paid on behalf of the rest eight rupees to our Arab guide to feed and lead them back to the coast. When found out, there was a good deal of blubbering, and they eagerly accepted a sentence to calTy lit,ht loads. I'hey obeyed none of the havildar's orders, he evidently counivinC with them. They were an intolerable draC, and frustrated the best means I could devise for securing provisions, namely, by my aoing forward and sending in all directions for food. They would not march if I were not present, and even then, when I was out of siaht they lay down and slept. On findina that one Bunach threatened to shoot a Wassick boy when he got hirrl otlt of English power, I sent them back with ample cloth in the hands of a merchant to pay all expenses. The havildar came on, bllt could be made of no use in any way; and when we heard at the lake that the seven Mahommedftns of the party had remained at Mataka's, where food was abundant in order probably to let their pay accumulate while they played the mendicant the havildar becaule sulky, shammed unaccountable pains in his feet, and returned to join the ot-hers.

cC Mataka's town and cotmtry are the Inost likely for a permanent settlement to be made. It is elevated and cool. Encrlish peas were in full bearing and bloom in July; the altitude is over 3000 feet, and his country is mountainous and abounds in runnincr streams, the sources of the Rovuma. Dr. Norman lWacleod promised me to try and get some G-erman missionaries from Harms- burg in Hanolrer, and salaries fox them, if I could indicate a locality. These same men go without salaries, and are artificers of different kinds but this is a mistake, they ought to have a little, for some of them have in sheer want taken to sellina brandy even, but at Mataka's they could easily raise wheat by sowing it at the proper time, and native produce when the rains come but it would require a leader of some energy, and not a fellow who would wrLg his hands if he had llO sugar to his tea. I have almost forgotten the taste of sugar and tea is made by roasting a little Joare, and calling the decoction either tea or coSee. I have written to the Doctor, and given some account of the difficulties to be overcome; 300 miles is a lon^, way to go, but I feel more ancl more con- vinced that Africx mllst be Christiallized from within.

" Beliere Ine, aXectionately yours, " DAVID LIVEGSTONE.

" P.S. - His Highness the Sulian did all he could for us, and was extremely kind; but his people, to whom I bore an epistle, all skedaddled as soon as they heard that the ' English were coming.' The dhows (two) on the lake were kept Otlt of my way, lest I should burn them as slavers ! and I cotlld not get across the middle of the lake."

The PRESIDENT said that the qllestion in which geoCraphers and the British public at large vYere now interested, was the future course of Livingstone, and at what time he mibht be expected to return. In the journey from the place at nvhich he disembarked, Mikin(lany iBay, to the south end of the Lake Syassa, he occupied seven months but for three weeks or more of that time he remained at Mataka's. The distance traversed from the coast was only 500 miles. During those seven months people often asked in Enaland, " Why does not Livingstone send us some account of his ?roceedincrs 9 The sepoys



184 DISCUSSION ()N THE LIVING0STONE LETTERS [APRIL 27, 1868.

llave lettllned, but they l-lave brouCht no despatclles." He (the l'resident) lvas Solly to say that the sepoys behaved extremely ill. XVe now had in Livingstolle's own handwritin(r the statement that they were the +sorst of coznpanions, inferior even to the Johanna men. He entlusted to the sepoys a despatch, which they never delilJered. 9'he nest part of Livingstone's jollrneJr after crossincr the Shire, lvas to the west alld northmards, takilzg a circuitous course, in ordel to avoid the Mazitu. It occupied fire nlonths, the date of the llespatclles being tlle 1st of February, when he was at Benllja. The l)roCress made to this point svould enable us to ju^lge of the time he was likely to take in accomplishing the remainder of his journey. WVe now know tizat he had arrived at Ujiji, on the eastern shores of Lake 'ranganyika by about the middle of October last. The distance betweell Bemba and Ujiji was ollly ,r,oo luiles; but he (the President) was deliChtecl to hear that tlae traveller had leen so long on this part of his route, because it implied that he had devoted himself to examining Tant,anyilXa, lYhich had never et been explored. It was not known whether the rivers at the southern end ran into it or out of it. AVhell Btlrton and Speke crossed the lake in the 1lorthern part at Ujiji, they ]new nothin of the sol:tthern part except from illformation furnished by Arabs. If LivinCstone fotlrld the waters fowint noltllward from tlae neith- lDourhood of Bemba, whence he wrote, alzd into the Lake 'l'anoanyilXa, he would colltinue his journey to the northerll tud. Tllele rvould then lie before him another great problem, the solution of which would be tlle settlement of the geo(traphy of the lvhole interior of Africa. If, accordinC to the theory of Mr. Findlay, wlaich had beetl read before the Society, the watcrs of Lawke TanCanyila florved illtO the lalSe Albert Syanza, the geo(rraphical oRvject of Livin(rstonc's expedition xvould be accomplished. He would l)e UpOll the

waters of tlle Wile, and havirlC deterrnined that great pllysical problenl, lle ould probably turll to the eastward arld reach the coust at Zallzibar. If, on

the contrarr, it ploved, as shown oll tlle orivillal map of Burton and Spele tllat a mountaill range separateci T'angantriLa from Albert Nyanza, the olltflolv of the xvaters of TanganyilXa laust le souCht lor on its western sidee for beinffl fresh, those waters naust have a free outlet in some direction. In tlbiS

case, Livillgstone mitht be illducetl to follosY that river RtIzererTel he found it. It xas known tllat tllere was no outflolv to the cast, because the countlv 011 tl-lat side had lseen explored, and llo (rreat stream found. 'l'o folloev such a westetn outlet would lead llilll fal across tne crreslt utaknolvn westeIn interior of Afiica. Sucll A\raS Livin(tstone's great vicYoul and alldacity in meetinC every difficulty tllat 1<e (Sir Roderick) had not the slightest doubt that he s?ould PllrSUe SUCh a ritWer, if fotlnd, and come out on the west coast, *vllere his first expedition terminated, before he recrossed to the Zambesi. Ill this case we lllltlst nol; expect to hear of him for twelve ot even ei(thteen rnonths. Bllt if, under tlle hypothesis othich he (the President) rather held to, LivinCstone foun(l the zvatels of the Tan(tan.yilSa flowincr into Balsel's lalve, ond tu;]ecl l:ack towxralds Zanzibar, as most ploleably he wotlld do, lle mifrht be estzected in England ill the montll of September llext. A third llypothesis wns, that havincr siIlce arrived at the l(lLe of Sir Satllllel BalXer, le lrould follow its waters alld CO1l1e out at the soutce of the Nile. He (the l'residelltj lad dismissed that llATpothesis fiom his olvn mind, in consequence of the small force whicll LivinCstone had at his disposbal, and the diminislled store of goods fol plesents to give to tlze equatorial kings. EnowinC the difficulties xvhicll Speke and Grant and Eaker had in those countries, he would pause before concluding that he had taken that rollte, particularly after he had geoDraphicaWlly solved tlle problem. Another reason which operated in his (the Presiclent's) mind aaainst the thild llypothesis sas, that LiinCstone Bould have to go tllloug;h the whole of tlle White ATile re,ioll, wAlelc the ,slar7e tade was callied on to .wn abominable extellt.



APRIL 27, t868.] AND DESPATCHES. 18o

Sir SAMUEIJ BAEEEC said that he llad been perfectly charmed, not only with the ability, of which tlley were all coCnisallt which the Plesident had displayed in 31is remarlSs, but also with a particuiar phrase of xvhich he made use, which lvas that the public were intelested now with the "future of Livingstone,." Never in his life did he (Sir Samuel) confess that he was wron with such intelse pleasure as he did to-llight. 'rhe difference between himsellf and Sir Roderick Murchison lvas that the latter was the great theoretical African traseller, lvhile he (Sir Samuel) was a practical one. The President had adhered to his fiiend Dr. Livinastone, as he always did to all llis friends, and partictllarly hs geoCrap-hical ones, and he would not allow that LivinCstone was dead, although the evidence of the fact was sucll as wonld have beea acce)ted as leaal by any jury of twelve. It was nonv found that Sir RodeziclX was riht, and that Livinrstone n7as still alive. The diSerence between the Presidetlt and llimself (Sir Samuel) ^7as, that while the folmer was nour deliChted at beinC light, he (the Spealier) was delighted at beinC wrontr: for if he had been 17frht, not only he lout the whole wolld would haxe lost a fliend but as Sir P.oderick was right tlle whole world had regained a friend. Livingstonc was a man who would have the opportunity of doinffl what few naen cotlkl do, llalllely, of readina his own epitaph and knowinC the world's osinioLl of him after his suppose.A death. AVhen Livillostone last W10tC he xnras iil latitude 10? s. AVhen he vas last heard of he was suplrosed to be near Ujiji, in October. At that time the peolJle must have been departing with their ivory to Zanzibar. l'hese people had to depend upon seasonsX alld hellce they ^stould ha^7e missed the lel;ters which LivinCstone would have sent had he arrin7ed in ti:ne. He must be without the meails of communication until the nest scason should arrive for the departure of the caravans. l'he President aCreed with him in believing tllat LivinCstoIle would llOt taLe the northern jourllev :He (Sir Samuel) could not conceive that any rnan of LisTinostone's experiellce would undertake the great voyage to the nortl, havin(r arlived, after an At;ican journey of nearly t+ro yers, at Ujiji, with his medicine chest lost alld llis funcls exhausted, unless lle there receivecl very large su?plies both of ftlnds and physic. 'rO extend his journey northward without medicine, without large svlpplies to satisfy the esorbitsmt clemands of tlle. African kinCs and without that vigour which travellers carri(d uTith them lvhen *esh fiom EnCland, would be a most friChtful tasl; and he (Sir Samuel Balxer) hoped that instead of 1lndertakillC it, LivinCstone would retllrn to Englalcl, which, in that case, he would do within a very short space of time. T'he question arose where could the meetirl(r be held to receive him wheil he should rettlrn ? It would be impossible to accommodate him in the usual meetincr-hall, and it had been sugaested that the Society should apply to ZIr. Spurgeoll for the 'laber1lacle, Ol to Mr. Beales for the use of Hycle Park, on such all occasion. But +herever they received him it ^onld be with OpCll arms. It was the duty of the Society to tender their thaulSs to their father, the President, who watched over the lnembers ill their travels with a paternal refyard. When the world believed that Livilzt,stone lvas deacl, and had anvarded hile tlaeir tlibute of praise, there was still one luall, an(l almost only one, who stood by alacl said, " He is not dead,,5 simply because his kind heart would not allow him to die.

The Rev. H. WALLER said that he had receised fiom Dr. Livinvstone a very lollC letter dated the 2nd of Februaly, ill which he spolie of Lake :N>assa alld of the dreadful slave-trade goinC on thereX and wllich was now raCinC worse than ever. He spoke of coulltries depopulated, and of the old horrors with which those nYho llad been with him were familiar. AlthotlDh Dr. Livinastone was, perhaps, the principal geoCrapler of the present day, he n7vas not travellin without an object still himaher than geoCraphy. Ilis ftltllre task wonld be to tUI'Il to accotlrlt the kllosPleclcre which he was I10\D gatherin. 1Ie wsls travel-



186 186 JOURNEY FROM NOPtTON SOUND JOURNEY FROM NOPtTON SOUND [APRIL 27, 18684 [APRIL 27, 18684

ling throuobh a country which was utterly spoiled and torn to pieces by the

slave-trade. He was penetrating into the back provinces of that trade, alld he

looked to thc Entlish nation to take sorne notice of it. The Sultan of Zanzibar

was willing to throw himself into the hands of the British Government as an

instrument in stopping the slave-trade. The traffic was an abomination, and

ouoPht to be stopped. He (Mr. Waller) reooretted that his friend Mr. Young

was not present to share the joy of the Society in hearinffl of Dr. Livingstone s

safety. All Mr. Young's suoogestions were borne out to the letter by the

communications that had been received. He (Mr. Waller) mrould not venture

to speak of Dr. Livinostone's future lnovements in the presence of Sir Roderick

ZItIrchison to whom he should hellceforth bow as the prophet of Africa

If Sir Roderick said that LivinCstone would come ollt on the west coast he

(Mr. VValler) would at once crush his idea that he was cominC out at Alexandria.

He could endorse Sir Samuel Baker's expression of appreciation of that kind-

ness of heart on the part of the. President which had followed African explorers.

He had been present in Africa when despatches had been opened from Sir

Roderick, and he could testify to the delight felt by travellers for the kind-

ness with which he had ever watched ovel them. 1'he PRESIDEXT, in reference to the observations of hIr. NValler, remarked

that Livingstone had on this journey passed througxh countries not troubled by

the slave-trade; he had seen extensive tracts inhabited by very happy

people, where the slave-trade was uIlknown. Mr. Young, to whoin the last

spealier had alluded, had received the unanimous thanks of the Society, and

he (the President) had dwelt particularly, at the commencement of the evening,

on the most admirable expedition of Mr. Young. Withotlt his good conduct of

that expedition they would never have been able at that time to expose the

lie respectin, tlle death of I.ivinoPstone. Captain SI3:ERARD OSBORN was prepared, as in former days, to believe ill

LisTinostone's success. AVith regard to his future course, he accepted the first

hypothesis enunciated by the President so far as related to the belief that Lake

Tanoany;lSa flowed to the nolth; but he was oblioed to diSer from his in

SUPPOSiDY, that Livinfflstone would turn back to Zanzibar aftel assuring him-

self of that fact. Reviewinox the difficulties he had encountered for the two

years previously-, and findiIlg water-communication between him and the Nile

he thought he woulA be more likely to take to boat and sail on to GondolSoro

than to return by land to Zanzibar. He (Captain Osborn) could not conceive

that Linntstone would turn to the westward, whele there was a huae bl.mlS

of which he was not cognizant. If, as Mr. Findlay believed, there were an

openinC to the northward, hc would probably pass that way in spite of the

lifficulties of the route, with which he was not unacquainted. Ile advocated

the notioIl of selldincr an expeditioll tIp the Wila to meet the travellel.

The following Paper was then read by the Author.

A Journey frorn Norton Sound, Behring Sea, to Fort Yo?kon, at the

Junction of the Porcpine and Youkorb P;teers. By iFrederick

WHYMPER, Esq.

THE author stated that the journey was made in the service of the

Russo-American Telegraph Expedition, since abandoned. During

the winters of 1865-6 and 1866-7, there were stations at the Anadyr

River and at Plover Bay in Eastern Siberia; at Port Clarence

and Nortoll Sotlnd, and on the glneat Yollkon River, in Russian

ling throuobh a country which was utterly spoiled and torn to pieces by the

slave-trade. He was penetrating into the back provinces of that trade, alld he

looked to thc Entlish nation to take sorne notice of it. The Sultan of Zanzibar

was willing to throw himself into the hands of the British Government as an

instrument in stopping the slave-trade. The traffic was an abomination, and

ouoPht to be stopped. He (Mr. Waller) reooretted that his friend Mr. Young

was not present to share the joy of the Society in hearinffl of Dr. Livingstone s

safety. All Mr. Young's suoogestions were borne out to the letter by the

communications that had been received. He (Mr. Waller) mrould not venture

to speak of Dr. Livinostone's future lnovements in the presence of Sir Roderick

ZItIrchison to whom he should hellceforth bow as the prophet of Africa

If Sir Roderick said that LivinCstone would come ollt on the west coast he

(Mr. VValler) would at once crush his idea that he was cominC out at Alexandria.

He could endorse Sir Samuel Baker's expression of appreciation of that kind-

ness of heart on the part of the. President which had followed African explorers.

He had been present in Africa when despatches had been opened from Sir

Roderick, and he could testify to the delight felt by travellers for the kind-

ness with which he had ever watched ovel them. 1'he PRESIDEXT, in reference to the observations of hIr. NValler, remarked

that Livingstone had on this journey passed througxh countries not troubled by

the slave-trade; he had seen extensive tracts inhabited by very happy

people, where the slave-trade was uIlknown. Mr. Young, to whoin the last

spealier had alluded, had received the unanimous thanks of the Society, and

he (the President) had dwelt particularly, at the commencement of the evening,

on the most admirable expedition of Mr. Young. Withotlt his good conduct of

that expedition they would never have been able at that time to expose the

lie respectin, tlle death of I.ivinoPstone. Captain SI3:ERARD OSBORN was prepared, as in former days, to believe ill

LisTinostone's success. AVith regard to his future course, he accepted the first

hypothesis enunciated by the President so far as related to the belief that Lake

Tanoany;lSa flowed to the nolth; but he was oblioed to diSer from his in

SUPPOSiDY, that Livinfflstone would turn back to Zanzibar aftel assuring him-

self of that fact. Reviewinox the difficulties he had encountered for the two

years previously-, and findiIlg water-communication between him and the Nile

he thought he woulA be more likely to take to boat and sail on to GondolSoro

than to return by land to Zanzibar. He (Captain Osborn) could not conceive

that Linntstone would turn to the westward, whele there was a huae bl.mlS

of which he was not cognizant. If, as Mr. Findlay believed, there were an

openinC to the northward, hc would probably pass that way in spite of the

lifficulties of the route, with which he was not unacquainted. Ile advocated

the notioIl of selldincr an expeditioll tIp the Wila to meet the travellel.

The following Paper was then read by the Author.

A Journey frorn Norton Sound, Behring Sea, to Fort Yo?kon, at the

Junction of the Porcpine and Youkorb P;teers. By iFrederick

WHYMPER, Esq.

THE author stated that the journey was made in the service of the

Russo-American Telegraph Expedition, since abandoned. During

the winters of 1865-6 and 1866-7, there were stations at the Anadyr

River and at Plover Bay in Eastern Siberia; at Port Clarence

and Nortoll Sotlnd, and on the glneat Yollkon River, in Russian



progress of dr. livingstone

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