programming language comp sci
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Programming Languages
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Programming Languages
• Programming languages▫ Abbreviated forms of instructions that translate
into machine language
▫ New programming languages make programmingeasier for people who are not necessarily hardware
experts
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Programming Languages
Figure 5.1
The evolution of
programming
languages
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Programming Languages
• Machine Languages ML!▫ "nly languages computers can directly interpret to
carry out instructions▫ #tring of $%s& and $'s& for a machine languageinstruction
▫ ML coding( time)consuming and error)prone
▫ ML programmers( concerned with hardware details▫ *very computer or family of computers has its own
ML+ each is machine)dependent,
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Programming Languages
• Assembly Languages
▫ More *nglish)like+ codes shorter than machinelanguages
▫ Assembler translates into machine language
▫ Advantages of machine or assembly languages
Programmer in control of hardware Programs written in low)level languages run more
efficiently,
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Programming Languages
Figure 5.2 The instruction “ADD 2 and 5 and assign the result to variable
y” ritten in different programming languages
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Programming Languages
• Procedural Languages
▫ -hird)generation procedural! languages are more*nglish)like than assembly languages,
▫ Programmers focus on the procedure of theapplication problem at hand,
▫ #ome languages are standardi.ed or portable,▫ /elatively easy to learn0 write0 and debug,
▫ 1"/-/AN0 2"3"L0 3A#42
▫ /e5uires compiling and linking to test
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Programming Languages
• 1ourth 6eneration Languages 76L!
▫ 76Ls are more *nglish)like than procedurallanguages,
▫ Programmer only has to select an action withouthaving to specify the action&s formula or
procedure,▫ *asy to learn and use+ shorter application
development time,
▫ Power3uilder0 1"28#0 N"MA90 and /AM4#
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Programming Languages
• :isual Programming▫ Languages that let programmers create field
windows0 scroll)down menus0 click buttons0 etc,0
by choosing from a palette▫ Appropriate code written automatically
▫ 4ntegrated programming environment
▫ Accelerates work
▫ Microsoft&s :isual 3asic
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Programming Languages
• "b;ect)"riented Programming ""P!
▫ *mphasis on the ob;ects involved in the task0 noton the procedure,
▫ An ob;ect encapsulates a data set with the codethat is used to operate on it,
▫ #tandardi.ed programming modules can bereused,
▫ Applications can be rapidly developed withappropriate ob;ects from an ob;ect library,
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Programming Languages
Figure 5.! Advantages of ob"ect#oriented programming $%%&' over procedural
languages
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Programming Languages
Figure 5.( The ob"ect )*&+%,))
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Programming Languages
Figure 5.5 Advantages and disadvantages of higher#level
programming languages
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Programming Languages Application #oftware vs, #ystem
#oftware Application( a program developed to
address a specific business need+ softwarefor development of such programs,
#ystem( programs designed to carry outgeneral routine operations0 such asloading0 copying0 or deleting a file,