program booklet ismoa 2009
DESCRIPTION
international symposium on modern optics and its applicationTRANSCRIPT
th7 International Symposium on Modern Optics and Its Applications
Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group
Institut Teknologi BandungDepartment of Physics
Padjadjaran University
ISMOA 2009
Bandung, 10 - 14 August 2009
Preface from the Organizing Committee
thIt is truly a blessing that we are still able to hold the 7 International Symposium on Modern Optics and Its Applications (ISMOA) 2009 as planned amidst one of the most severe global economic crisis of all time. The situation was even further aggravated by the adverse effect of the recent tragic bombing in Jakarta. Needless to say, the successful realization of this event should be attributed to a large extent to the strong and consistent commitment of all our speakers, especially our distinguished invited speakers, who have come a long way to this meeting.
In fact, it is a pleasure to note that despite the difficult unfavourable situation mentioned above, this meeting witness a roughly the same total number of speakers with 16 invited speakers and 47 contributing speakers. Among the invited speakers, 5 are OSA Fellows. In particular, Prof. I.C. Khoo is designated as OSA representative and awarded as travelling lecturer to this meeting. The near 15% increase of contributing speakers can be regarded as an indication of growing research interest in the field in Indonesia and some neighbouring countries which are homes of most of the contributing speakers. We further note that apart from the more “traditional” topics on nonlinear optics and photonic devices for ICT and sensing applications, presentation by contributing speakers on more “eye catching” research topics on photonic crystals as well as nano-optics, surface Plasmon and nano structured materials, even metamaterials, for wide ranging applications, will also make their marks in the meeting. Many of these presentations feature authorships of mixed nationalities, indicative of fruitful international research collaborations. Given those encouraging signs, it is perhaps not unreasonable to say that researches in modern optics and its applications in this part of the world are steadily coming of age and poised to join the main stream of international research activities. We hope that this symposium will further foster the existing international scientific network as well as research collaboration and continue to bring the regional research activities to a higher scientific level.
It goes without saying that this event would not have been made possible without the generous contributions of a number of sponsors as listed on the back cover page. But we would like to express our special appreciation to Institut Teknologi Bandung, the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and the Optical Society of America (OSA) for endorsement and travel support for Prof. I.C. Khoo.
For the Organizing CommitteeProf. May On Tjia, Ph.D.
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ISMOA 2009
Welcoming Address from the Rector of Institut Teknologi Bandung
It is a great pleasure for me, on behalf of Institut Teknologi Bandung, to welcome you to thInstitut Teknologi Bandung for your participation in the 7 International Symposium on
Modern Optics and Its Applications. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank you for your continued interests and contributions, which show that you share with us the conviction on the benefits of this meeting for scientific exchanges and communication. In particular, to the distinguished invited speakers, I would like to express my great appreciation for your role in promoting this meeting to a reputable international level. For our students, young scientists and engineers, this forum has undoubtedly provided an unusual opportunity to be acquainted with the active and distinguished researchers as well as learning from them the latest research results in the field of modern optics.
I understand that optics as one of the oldest branches of physics and sciences has evolved continuously to serve the needs of the scientific and technological communities, as well as the human welfare in general. Its recent advances have even played the central roles in the discoveries of a large variety of new phenomena supporting the development of novel applications ranging from photonic science and technology for applications in high speed and high capacity optical communication and information processing (ICT) to nano optics, plasmonics and nano biophotonics for scientific and bio-medical applications. In keeping with these developments, we are happy to play host to this symposium which we believe will not only stimulate the study and research of this broad subject, but also pave the way for fruitful international scientific networking and research collaborations. I hope that this gathering will also help to facilitate cross cultural exchanges and to foster mutual understanding.
Finally, I wish you a successful meeting and pleasant experience during your stay in Bandung.
Rector
Prof. Dr. Ir. Djoko Santoso
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ISMOA 2009
Contents
Preface from the Scientific Program Committee 1
Welcome Address from the Rector of Institut Teknologi Bandung 3
Committees 7
Endorsements and Sponsors 9
General Information 10
Tutorial Workshop on Modern Optics and Its Applications 13
Abstracts of Tutorial Lectures 17
Symposium on Modern Optics and Its Applications 27
Abstracts of Symposium Presentations Wednesday, 12 August 2009 35Thursday, 13 August 2009 47Friday, 14 August 2009 71
List of Poster Presentation 79
Abstract of Poster Presentations 85
Map of ITB 123
List of Participants 125
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ISMOA 2009
CommitteesScientific Program Committee
Wolfgang KNOLL (Max Planck Institute, Germany)Iam-Choon KHOO (Pennsylvania State University, USA)Masanori OZAKI (Osaka University, Japan)Kin S. CHIANG (City University, HongKong)Yong He LEE (Korean Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Korea)Hugo J.W.M. HOEKSTRA (University of Twente, the Netherlands)May-On TJIA (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)
Organizing Committee
Co-chairs Herman (Institut Teknologi Bandung) Rustam E. Siregar (Universitas Padjadjaran) Alexander A. Iskandar (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Secretariat and Financial Coordinator Agoes Soehianie (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Registration Coordinator Priastuti Wulandari (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Seminar and TutorialCoordinator Rahmat Hidayat (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Accommodation, Food and BeverageCoordinator Fitrilawati (Universitas Padjadjaran)
TransportationCoordinator Husin Alatas (InstitutPertanian Bogor)
SupportCoordinator Daniel Kurnia (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Publication and DocumentationCoordinator Inge M. Magdalena (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Supporting Staffs Wilzuard Yonan, Ahmad M. Destuladoe, Widianta Gomulya, Edward
Thung, Radius Nagassa Setyo, Ryan Imansyah, Irfan Sanjaya, Riser Fahdiran, Aimi Abass, Putu Eka Pramudita, Indra Karnadi Sumarsono
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ISMOA 2009
Endorsements and Sponsors
This meeting is endorsed and supported by
The Optical Society of America
Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics
We are grateful for the support from the following organizations
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Universitas Padjadjaran
Ikatan Alumni ITB
PT Serviam Abadimurni
PT Era Mitra Perdana
PT Vanadia Utama
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ISMOA 2009
General Information
Period of activities10-11 August 2009 (Tutorial Workshop)12-14 August 2009 (Symposium)
VenueLecture Theater 1201, Physics Building (Tutorial Workshop)West Auditorium (Symposium)Institut Teknologi BandungJl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132
Official LanguageEnglish
On-site RegistrationLecture Theater 1201, Physics BuildingMonday, 10 August 2009, 08.00 – 09.00West AuditoriumWednesday, 12 August 2009, 08.00 – 08.40
Submission of manuscript for publicationSelected papers presented in the Symposium will be submitted to the Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics and Materials for publications.Manuscripts should be submitted to the secretariat by 12 October 2009.
Social EventsSatay Party Welcoming Reception11 August 2009, 17.00 – 19.00Physics Building
Conference Banquet hosted by the Rector (by invitation)12 August 2009, 19.00 – 21.00Sawunggaling Hotel, Jl. Sawunggaling, Bandung
Information for PresentationAll presentations will be delivered in plenary session.Speakers are requested to up-load their presentation before the session.Speakers are requested to come to the presentation room 10 minutes before the start of the appropriate session and notify the chair person of their presence.
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ISMOA 2009
Time allocated (including question and answers) to each speaker is
30 minutes for each invited paper 15 minutes for each contributed paper
Information for Poster Presentation
The poster presentation will be held in a special session on the first day of the thsymposium (Wednesday 12 August 2009), preceded by a 3 (three) minutes oral
summary of your research in the format consisting of 2 slides containing : introduction and results.
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ISMOA 2009
Tutorial Workshop on Modern Optics and Its Applications(WSMOA 2009)
10 - 11 August 2009
ISMOA 2009
Monday, 10 August 2009
08.00 – 08.45 Registration08.45 – 09.00 Opening Ceremony
09.00 – 09.45 Lecture Session 1 : Introduction to Optical Waveguide and Periodic Systems TheoriesAlexander A. ISKANDAR (Physics of Magnetism and Photonics, ITB, Indonesia)
09.45 – 10.30 Lecture Session 2 : Introduction to Optical Waveguide and Periodic Systems TheoriesAlexander A. ISKANDAR (Physics of Magnetism and Photonics, ITB, Indonesia)
10.30 – 11.00 Coffee Break
11.00 – 11.45 Lecture Session 3 : Slow Light Sensing DevicesHugo J.W.M HOEKSTRA (Integrated Optical MicroSystems, Univ. Twente, the Netherlands)
11.45 – 12.30 Lecture Session 4 : Slow Light Sensing DevicesHugo J.W.M HOEKSTRA (Integrated Optical MicroSystems, Univ. Twente, the Netherlands)
12.30 – 13.30 Lunch
13.30 – 14.15 Lecture Session 5 : Characteristics of Organic Semiconductor Materials for its applications in Electronic and Photonic Devices
Rahmat HIDAYAT (Physics of Magnetism and Photonics, ITB, Indonesia)
14.15 – 15.00 Lecture Session 6 : Characteristics of Organic Semiconductor Materials for its applications in Electronic and Photonic Devices
Rahmat HIDAYAT (Physics of Magnetism and Photonics, ITB, Indonesia)
15.00 – 15.30 Coffee Break
15.30 – 16.15 Lecture Session 7 : Lens Design and Optical AbberationsJacques DUPAREÉ (Fraunhofer IOF, Jena, Germany)
16.15 – 17.00 Lecture Session 8 : Lens Design and Optical AbberationsJacques DUPAREÉ (Fraunhofer IOF, Jena, Germany)
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ISMOA 2009
Tuesday, 11 August 2009
08.30 – 09.15 Lecture Session 9 : Tunable Nano-Structured Optical Meta-materialsIam Choon KHOO (Pennsylvania State University, USA)
09.15 – 10.00 Lecture Session 10 : Tunable Nano-Structured Optical Meta-materialsIam Choon KHOO (Pennsylvania State University, USA)
10.00 – 10.30 Coffee Break
10.30 – 11.15 Lecture Session 11 : Functional and Tunable Periodic Photonic Structures and Metamaterials
Yuri KIVSHAR (Australian National University, Australia)11.15 – 12.00 Lecture Session 12 : Functional and Tunable Periodic Photonic
Structures and Metamaterials Yuri KIVSHAR (Australian National University, Australia) 12.00 – 13.00 Lunch
13.00 – 13.45 Lecture Session 13 : Photonic Crystals and Light emission Yong Hee LEE (Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology,
Korea)13.45 – 14.30 Lecture Session 14 :
Yong Hee LEE (Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Korea)
14.30 – 15.00 Coffee Break
15.00 – 15.45 Lecture Session 15 : Photonic Crystal Fibre : How to control light with holesNicolas JOLY (University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany)
15.45 – 16.30 Lecture Session 16 : Photonic Crystal Fibre : How to control light with holesNicolas JOLY (University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany)
16.30 – 17.00 Tutorial Workshop Group Photo
17.00 – 19.00 Welcoming Reception (Satay Party)
Photonic Crystals and Light emission
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ISMOA 2009
Tutorial Lecture
ABSTRACTS
10 - 11 August 2009
ISMOA 2009
Introduction to Optical Waveguides and Periodic Systems Theories
Alexander A. IskandarPhysics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group
Institut Teknologi Bandung
In the first part of the tutorial lecture, the characteristic of free monochromatic electromagnetic waves in uniform linear medium are summarized along with the standard result for wave reflection and refraction at the boundary between two distinct media. The basic wave-guiding mechanism in terms of total internal reflection (TIR) is then introduced, followed by explanation of restriction on guided wave mode by interference effect. Subsequent formulation on the basis of Helmholtz wave equation and the boundary condition is given to describe the guided mode field, the modified wave characteristics from those of the free waves, the dispersion, relation and variation of the mode field profile with the mode number, propagating wavelength and the waveguide parameters.
Guided mode field profile and propagating features of an isolated asymmetric planar waveguide as well as the effect of asymmetry parameter are described. This is followed by formulation for two coupled parallel planar waveguides on the basis of coupled mode theory and discussion on the behaviour of power transfer between the two waveguides. The discussion is further extended to the case of coupled non-parallel planar structures and the concept of local modes. Illustrations are given on simple applications of those waveguide structures as optical directional couplers and optical multiplexers. Appropriate treatment of two dimensional waveguide structures will also be briefly described.
In the second part of this tutorial, the wave propagation in a periodic structure is discussed in terms of Bloch waves and planewave expansion method. It is then followed by the determination of the photonic band structure in its reciprocal space.
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ISMOA 2009TL-01
Slow-Light Sensing Devices
Hugo J.W.M. HoekstraIOMS Group, MESA Research Institute, University of Twente
As one may presume on the basis of intuitive arguments: The sensitivity of an optical sensor is highly depending on the degree of interaction of the light, propagating in the sensor, and the material of which changes have to be monitored. These changes could be, for example, bulk index changes of a liquid flowing along the sensor, the growth of the thickness of a receptor layer on capturing certain target molecules or viruses, or the displacement of a moving body, like a cantilever.
During the tutorial we will discuss in considerable detail theoretical and experimental aspects related to the above, with emphasis in particular on slow light phenomena occurring in a waveguide with a grated section for wavelengths near the band edge.
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ISMOA 2009TL-02
Characteristics of Organic Semiconductor Materials for its applications in Electronic and Photonic Devices
Rahmat HidayatPhysics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Organic semiconductor materials have been intensively research studies in the last decades because they exhibit many interesting physical phenomena, which is not common in traditional material sciences. They have also many potential applications for functional devices, such as electronic and optoelectronic devices, although the realization of those devices seems requires a lot of efforts in basic research and practical technique developments. There are many kinds of molecules which can be classified organic semiconductor materials nowadays. Generally, we can divide into three categories based on their molecular size, namely small molecules system, macromolecules and polymers. Most of those molecules are conjugated system, which have a structure with alternating single and double bonds of carbon atoms resulting in the electron delocalization along the conjugated chain. Other molecules are consisted of metals which form a metal-complex system. Generally, we may adopt the concept of electron and hole to explain the electronic and optical properties of these materials. However, the description on the electronic and optical process often requires different models to that commonly used in organic semiconductors (such as Si semiconductors). The main different are corresponding to the nature of exciton, which consequently also related to the charge transport generation and recombination processes, and charge transport process. The exciton binding energy is usually much larger than that of inorganic semiconductors, whereas their charge mobility is smaller. The excitons are formed inside the molecules at room temperature, whereas it can be generated only in quantum dot or at very low temperature in inorganic semiconductor systems. The nature of the exciton in these materials, however, leads to the observation of novel energy and charge transfer phenomena, which also have important implications in designing their electronic and optical devices.
In the second session of this lecture, the working principle of organic devices, namely light emitting diodes (LED) and photovoltaic (PV) devices, will be presented. In LED, excitons are generated as the result of injected charge carriers (electron-hole) from the electrodes, which then decays by emitting light (photon). The opposite process occurs in PV where excitons are generated by light and then dissociate into separate charge carrier. The charge carrier recombination and exciton dissociation thus becomes important processes to be controlled to improve the device performances. Research in organic photovoltaic devices and other similar devices, such as photo-electrochemical cells, for solar energy conversion applications has been increasing in the last years. Some improvements on the device performances have been achieved by considering nanoscale engineering in materials and device structures. Nanoscale engineering seems to be required to overcome the limitation on the exciton diffusion length. This approach is interesting from scientific viewpoint, although it is not from practical viewpoints.
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ISMOA 2009TL-03
Lens design and optical aberrations, bionics in optics
Jacques DuparréFraunhofer IOF, Jena, Germany
The course will give an introduction into computer-assisted lens design and the theory of optical aberrations. Examples using the commercial raytracing software “ZEMAX” are given. Agenda:
? First order properties? Stops and Pupils? What are aberrations?? Chromatic aberration? Glass chart, refractive index and dispersion? The achromatic doublet? Monochromatic aberrations and their „origin“? Wavefront aberration function? First-order aberrations
o Defocuso Lateral magnification error (“tilt“)
? Third-order (Seidel) aberrationso Sphericalo Comao Astigmatismo Field curvatureo Distortion
? Summary, classification and shapes of typical aberration plots? Basic design rules? Common design forms? Spots & image quality criteria, typical diagnostic plots? The modulation transfer function? What to further consider when laying out a digital imaging system?? Textbooks on lens design
In addition the inspiring topic of bionics in optics is discussed. Different natural vision principles are compared and their impact on novel technical imaging systems in presented.
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ISMOA 2009TL-04
Tunable Nano-Structured Optical Meta-materials I & II
Iam Choon KhooElectrical Engineering Department
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Optical properties of a material, e.g. the refractive index, stem basically from the molecular electronic responses to the electric and magnetic fields of light. The permittivity e and the permeability m that define the refractive index exhibit resonances and spectra reflecting those of the constituents. The locations of these resonances, the magnitudes of their real and imaginary components of e and m can be tailored made by various techniques such as chemical synthesis on the molecular scale, and atomic layer deposition, molecular beam epitaxy or self-assembly in the nano-meter (sub-optical wavelength) scale.
Metamaterials, composite materials with nano-engineered optical properties, are of great interest because of their possible applications in communications and optoelectronic devices A “top down” fabrication approach [1] involves generally the use of complex lithographic techniques to create finely patterned metallic and/or dielectric periodic structures. Another approach is to uniformly disperse nano-particles such as rods, wires, spheres, or core-shell structures in some host materials [2].
In these lectures, we will first review the electromagnetic theories underlying these refractive engineering of optical meta-materials. Specifically, periodic nano-structures such as photonic crystals or frequency selective surfaces, and randomly distributed nano-particulates in a host media will be treated in details. We then review some of the useful and unique electro- and nonlinear optical properties of metamaterials that comprise electro-optics active or nonlinear optical material constituent suc as liquid crystals, followed by a thorough discussion of recently obtained experimental results/observations along with some theoretical simulation and modeling.
1. Bossard, J. A., Liang, X., Li, L., Werner, D. H., Weiner, B., Cristman, P. F., Diaz, A., & Khoo, I. C. (2008), “Tunable Frequency Selective Surfaces and Negative-Zero-Positive Index Metamaterials Based on Liquid Crystals,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 56, pp. 1308 - 1320 (2008).
2. I. C. Khoo, D. H. Werner, X. Liang, A. Diaz and B. Weiner, “Nano-sphere dispersed liquid crystals for tunable negative-zero-positive index of refraction in the optical and Terahertz regimes,” Optics Letts. 31, 2592 (2006)
3. Shoichi Kubo, Andres Diaz, Yan Tang, Theresa S. Mayer, I. C. Khoo and ThomasE. Mallouk, “Tunability of the refractive index of gold nanoparticle dispersions,” NANO Letts. 7, pp. 3418-3423, (2007)
4. X. Wang, D. H. Kwon, D. H. Werner, I. C. Khoo, A. Kildishev and V. M. Shalaev, 'Tunable optical negative-index metamaterials employing anisotropic liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 143122 (2007).
5. I. C. Khoo, “Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystalline Materials,” Physics Report 471, pp. 221-267 [2009].
.
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ISMOA 2009TL-05
Functional and tunable periodic photonic structures and metamaterials
Yuri KivsharNonlinear Physics Center, Australian National University
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
In this tutorial talk we will discuss the physics of periodic photonic structures such as waveguide arrays, optical lattices, and photonic crystals. We will discuss how such structures can be made tunable and functional by introducing nonlinear elements and nonlinear materials, and controlling the flow of light by changing the incident power only. In particular, we will introduce and discuss the concepts of spatial solitons and Fano resonances. In addition, we will discuss tenability of left-handed metamaterials and nonlinear plasmonic structures.
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ISMOA 2009TL-06
Photonic Crystals and Light Emission
Yong-Hee LeeDepartment of Physics, KAIST
373-1 Kusung-dong, Yusung-gu, Daejon, Korea 305-701
In this short course, interaction of photons with periodic nanostructures will be reviewed, following a brief introduction of photonic crystals. Firstly the enhanced light emission from photonic crystal structures that do not have physically-defined cavities will be explained, using the examples of microstructure LEDs and OLEDs. And physics of cavity-less photonic band edge lasing phenomena will follow. Then the recent efforts toward the smallest possible laser will be summarized. The ultra-small photonic crystal can be interpreted as a two-dimensional embodiment of the one-dimensional VCSEL. Following brief summary of various forms of photonic crystal lasers, nondegenerate, single-cell, monopole and hexapole mode photonic crystal lasers will be discussed in more detail. The issues relevant to 'practical' nanolasers are to be addressed with several suggestions. Recent results on finding high-Q small mode volume resonators, electrically-driven photonic crystal lasers, microfiber-coupled reconfigurable photonic crystal lasers will be explained. The nontrivial issues of photon collection and quantum dot incorporation will also be reviewed.
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ISMOA 2009TL-07
Photonic Crystal Fibre: how to control light with holes ?
N. Y. Joly and P. St. J. RussellMax-Planck Institute for the Science of light
Günther-Scharowsky Str. 1/Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen Germanywww.pcfiber.com
Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) is a new family of optical waveguide that has been developed over the last decade. Since the first demonstration of the working PCF in 1996 [1], it has been at the centre of scientific interest. The main idea is to confine the electromagnetic field in the central region of the waveguide thanks to cladding region, which consists in a 2-dimension “photonic-crystal” of microscopic air capillaries running along the entire length of the fibre [2]. The “defect” where the light is trapped can be either a solid rod or hollow. These two types of PCF support two different guidance mechanisms: the light can propagate by Total Internal Reflexion in the solid-core, which has a higher refractive index than the microstructured cladding, or it can be trapped in the central hollow region, with the help of the photonic bandgap existing in the periodic holey cladding [3,4]. Here, we will present these different kinds of Photonic Crystal Fibre, how to make them, and what optical properties could be designed (e.g. the creation of highly nonlinear solid cores fibre with anomalous dispersion in the visible region, the design of fibre that supports only one transverse spatial more at all wavelength).
For it can produce new optical material with properties not otherwise attainable, Photonic Crystal technology has opened a new era of optical fibre, with applications in many different scientific fields. We will present a few experiments that can be performed with PCF.
[1] J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell and D.M. Atkin, "All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal claading", Opt. Lett. 21, 1547-1549 (1996)
[2] Philip St.J. Russell, "Photonic-Crystal Fibers," J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729-4749 (2006)
[3] R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, 1 J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-Mode Photonic Band Gap Guidance of Light in Air”, Science, 285, pp. 1537 – 1539 (1999)
[4] T. A. Birks, P. J. Roberts, P. St. J. Russell, D. M. Atkin, T. J. Shepherd, “Full 2-D photonic bandgaps in silica/air structures,” Electron. Lett. 31, 1941-2 (1995)
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ISMOA 2009TL-08
Symposium on Modern Optics and Its Applications
10 - 12 August 2009
ISMOA 2009
Wednesday, 12 August 2009
08.00 – 08.40 Registration
08.40 – 09.00 Opening Ceremony
st1 session Chairperson : Kiyoshi ASAKAWA
09.00 – 09.30 IP-1 : Iam Choon KHOO (Pennsylvania State University, USA)“Nonlinear Liquid and Liquid Crystalline Metamaterials for Passive Optical Switching”
09.30 – 10.00 IP-2 : Choon Sup YOON (Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Korea)“Enhancement of Charge Injection by Randomly Oriented Dipoles in Organic Light Emitting Diodes”
10.00 – 10.30 Coffee Break
nd2 session Chairperson : Kin S. CHIANG
10.30 – 11.00 IP-3 : Christoph BUBECK (Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany)“Conjugated Polymer Waveguides for all-Optical Switching”
11.00 – 11.30 IP-4 : Nicolas JOLY (University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany)“Nonlinear Pulse Propagation in Tailored-Dispersion Photonic Crystal Fibre”
11.30 – 11.45 CP-1 : Henri P. URANUS (University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia)“Modal Analysis of Silicon Nanostructured Waveguide with Holey Cladding in 2-D Isosceles Triangular Lattice”
11.45 – 12.00 CP-2 : Mohamad JAHJA (Max Planck Institute, Mainz, Germany)“Nonlinear Optical Spectra of Poly(3-butylthiophene)”
12.00 – 12.15 Group Photo
12.15 – 13.00 Lunch Break
rd3 session Chairperson : Christoph BUBECK
13.00 – 13.30 IP-5 : Yuri KIVSHAR (Australian National University, Australia)“Light Propagation and Localization in Modulated Optical Waveguides”
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ISMOA 2009
13.30 – 14.00 IP-6 : Kin S. CHIANG (City University, Hongkong)“Recent Development of Long Period Waveguide Grating Devices”
Poster session Chairman : Rustam E. SIREGAR / Alexander A. ISKANDAR
14.00 – 15.15 Oral Introduction to Poster Presentations
15.15 Poster Session and Coffee Break
19.00 – 21.00 Banquet
Thursday, 13 August 2009
th4 session Chairperson : Iam Choon KHOO
08.30 – 09.00 IP-7 : Nikolay ZHELUDEV (University of Southampton, UK)“Metamaterial Platform: the next Photonics Revolution”
09.00 – 09.30 IP-8 : Jasper KNOESTER (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, the Netherlands) “Nano-scale optical antennae of coupled dipolar oscillators”
09.30 – 10.00 IP-9 : Teruya ISHIHARA (Tohoku University, Japan)“Novel optical properties of metal-dielectric artificial structures”
10.00 – 10.30 Coffee Break
th5 session Chairperson : Hugo J.W.M HOEKSTRA
10.30 – 11.00 IP-10 : Yong Hee LEE (Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Korea)“Spatial and Spectral Nano-Control of Micro-Resonators”
11.00 – 11.30 IP-11 : Kiyoshi ASAKAWA (National Institute for Material Science, Japan)“Semiconductor and Metal based Photonic Nanostructures Towards Next Decade Integrated Photonics”
11.30 – 11.45 CP 3 : Husin ALATAS (Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia)“Optimization of the Functionality of Grated Waveguides”
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ISMOA 2009
11.45 – 12.00 CP 4 : Kumarajah KANDIAH (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)“Variation of MQW design parameters in an InP-based LW-VCSEL and its effects on the spectral linewidth”
12.00 – 13.00 Lunch Break
th6 session Chairperson : Choon Sup YOON
13.00 – 13.30 IP-12 : Hugo J. W. M. HOEKSTRA (University of Twente, the Netherlands)
“Light on Integrated Optical Sensing Devices”
13.30 – 13.45 CP-5 : Muhammad Danang BIROWOSUTO (University of Twente, the Netherlands)“Fluctuations of Decay Rates of Embedded Emitters Inside Random Photonic Media”
13.45 – 14.00 CP-6 : Harith AHMAD ( University of Malaya, Malaysia)“Soa-based O-band Tunable Fiber Laser Using An-Array Waveguide Grating”
14.00 – 14.15 CP-7 : Sulaiman Wadi HARUN (University of Malaya, Malaysia)“Single Mode Erbium Ytterbium-doped Fiber Laser with Multimode Pumping”
14.15 – 14.30 CP-8 : Md. Rahim SAHAR (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)“The upconversion luminescence of Nd3+/Er3+ co-doped tellurite glass”
14.30 – 14.45 CP-9 : Lusi SAFRIANI (Padjadjaran University, Indonesia)“Emission Property of Inverse Opal TiO2 Waveguide Structure Infiltrated with Organic Laser Dye Styryl 9M”
14.45 – 15.15 Coffee Break
th7 session Chairperson : Teruya ISHIHARA
15.15 – 15.45 IP-13 : Jacques DUPARRE (Frauhofer Institute, Germany)“Miniaturized Imaging System and Artificial Compound Eyes by Microoptics Technology”
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ISMOA 2009
15.45 – 16.00 CP-10 : Tran Minh THI (Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam)“Study of Microstructure and Optical Property for Polymer-capped ZnS:Cu Nanocrystalline Thin Films”
16.00 – 16.15 CP-11 : Nguyen Van MINH (Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam)“Multiferroic materials Bi1-xSmxFeO3: A study of Raman and Absorption Spectroscopies”
16.15 – 16.30 CP-12 : Fadwa JOUD (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Superieure, France)“3D Detection of Gold Nanobiomarkes in Live Cells Environments using Digital Holographic Microscopy”
16.30 – 16.45 CP-13 :So Van PHAM (Integrated Microoptics System, University of Twente, the Netherlands)“Photonic crystal waveguides integrated with microcantilevers as a novel platform for gas sensors”
16.45 – 17.00 CP-14 :Rahmat HIDAYAT (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)“Surface Plasmon Generation in Hybrid Polymer Grating Covered by Thin Metal Layer and their Characteristics for Molecular Sensing Applications”
Friday, 14 August 2009
th8 session Chairperson : Yuri KIVSHAR
08.30 – 09.00 IP-14 : Takayoshi KOBAYASHI (University of Electro-Communication, Japan)“Broadband Two-dimensional Multicolored Arrays Generation in a Sapphire Plate”
09.00 – 09.30 IP-15 : Jeremy O'BRIEN (University of Bristol, United Kingdom) “Photonic quantum logic in waveguide circuits”
09.30 – 10.00 Coffee Break
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ISMOA 2009
th9 session Chairperson : Jasper KNOESTER
10.00 – 10.30 IP-16 : Kaoru TAMADA (Tohoku University, Japan)“Application of Plasmonic Ag nanosheet: Characterization of Photocatalytic Activity of TiO Nanotube”2
10.30 – 10.45 CP-15 : Priastuti WULANDARI (Intitut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)“Spectroscopic Study of Carboxylate-bonding on Ag Nanoparticles and Its Effects on the Surface Plasmon”
10.45 – 11.00 CP-16 : Kamsul ABRAHA (Jurusan Fisika, UGM)“Surface phonon-polariton dispersion relation of the new giant dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 material with unblocked non percolating conducting interface scenario for its extrinsic Lorentz oscillator-based dielectric constant model”
11.00 – 11.15 Closing Ceremony
11.15 – 13.45 Lunch Break
Note : IP = Invited PaperCP = Contributed Paper
33
ISMOA 2009
Wednesday, 12 August 2009
Plenary Oral Presentations
ABSTRACTS
ISMOA 2009
Nonlinear Liquids and Liquid Crystals for passive optical switching
I. C. Khoo, J. Liou, J. Huang and M. V. Stinger, A. Diaz, Y. MaElectrical Engineering Department
Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA 16802
USA
In both isotropic and ordered phases, liquid crystals possess extraordinarily large optical nonlinearities originating from a variety of mechanisms with characteristic response times ranging from sub-picosecond to milliseconds and longer [1, 2]. In this presentation, we will discuss the underlying mechanisms that include multi-photonic absorptions, density, temperature and order parameters fluctuations and collective molecular reorientation processes. In conjunction with nano-structures or nano-particulates, they exhibit many emergent electronics and optical properties and functions resulting in extraordinary electro-optical and nonlinear optical properties and enable many optical processes and devices with performance characteristics not possible with other materials. We will delineate the novel details involved in the synthesis and characterization of these meta-materials, the functional-structure relationships and some exemplary design devices/structures for optical switching, modulation, and optical meta-materials with large birefringence and very broad tunable range [2-6], including some recent experimental observations of ultra-fast [sub-micro seconds] all-optical switching
nd1. I. C. Khoo, Liquid Crystals, 2 Edition (Wiley Inter-Science, NJ 2007). 2. I. C. Khoo, “Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystalline Materials,” Physics Report 471, pp.
221-267 [2009]. 3. E. Graugnard, J. S. King, S. Jain, C. J. Summers, Y. Zhang-Williams and I. C. Khoo,
“Electric field tuning of the Bragg peak in large-pore TiO2 inverse shell opals,” Phys. Rev. B72, 233105 (2005)
4. I. C. Khoo, A. Diaz, S. Kubo, J. Liou, Mike Stinger, T. Mallouk and J. H. Park, “Nano-dispersed Organic Liquid and Liquid Crystals for All-Time-Scales Optical Switching and Tunable Negative- and Zero- Index Materials,” Molecular Crystals Liquid Crystals 485:1, pp. 934-944 (2008)
5. I. C. Khoo, J. H. Park, J. D. Liou, “Theory and experimental studies of all-optical transmission switching in a twist-alignment dye-doped nematic liquid crystal,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25, pp. 1931-1937 (2008).I. C. Khoo, D. H. Werner, X. Liang, A. Diaz and B. Weiner, “Nano-sphere dispersed liquid crystals for tunable negative-zero-positive index of refraction in the optical and Terahertz regimes,” Optics Letts. 31, 2592 (2006)
6. X. Wang, D. H. Kwon, D. H. Werner, I. C. Khoo, A. Kildishev and V. M. Shalaev, 'Tunable optical negative-index metamaterials employing anisotropic liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 143122 (2007).
37
ISMOA 2009IP-01
Enhancement of charge injection by randomly oriented dipoles in organic light emitting diodes
Hong Kee Yoon and Choon Sup YoonDepartment of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
Efficient charge injection at the metal/organic interfaces is essential in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) because it affects the efficiency of the devices significantly. A strategy of inserting an interface dipole layer between metal electrode and organic semiconductor has been introduced to increase the charge injection rate by lowering the energy barrier. Lithium
fluoride (LiF) and other alkali halides have been used widely to increase the electron injection, but the physical mechanism responsible for enhancing the charge injection through the LiF layer remains unknown. In order to explain the charge injection mechanism through the LiF layer, it was assumed either that the lithium fluoride dipoles were aligned statistically along the external field direction or that the LiF molecules were dissociated and diffused into the organic layer. However, experimental evidences show that both presumptions are highly unlikely. Based on the randomly oriented dipole model, we present the mechanism of enhancing the charge injection through the LiF layer. The experimental results agree well with the model calculation.
38
ISMOA 2009IP-02
Conjugated Polymer Waveguides for All-Optical Switching
C. Bubeck, M. Jahja, Y. Mardiyati, A. Bahtiar, K. KoynovMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
Present address: Department of Physics, University of Padjadjaran Bandung, Jl. Jatinangor km. 21 Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
The recent progress in integrated silicon photonic circuits is causing renewed interest in polymer layers for hybrid devices, as polymers can provide the necessary cubic nonlinearity for all-optical modulation of guided light modes. The aim is to design appropriate polymers that can be combined favourably with silicon-based integrated circuits for future ultrafast all-optical signal processing beyond terahertz modulation frequencies.
Our search for suitable polymers is guided by the requirements for all-optical waveguide switching devices formulated by Stegeman et al in terms of so-called Figures of Merit W and T, which are defined by
where is the linear waveguide attenuation loss coefficient. The nonlinear refractive index n 0 2
and the nonlinear absorption coefficient are proportional to the real and imaginary parts of 2(3)the complex third-order (cubic) electrical susceptibility , respectively. For a typical
2intensity I = 1 GW/cm , W > 1 and T < 1 are the minimum requirements needed for a successful device. Consequently, we focus on materials which show best performance as slab waveguides with lowest possible waveguide attenuation loss, which is a more general prerequisite for any future application of polymer thin films in integrated optics.
We will present recent results of thin polymer films prepared by spin-coating of substituted poly-para-phenylenevinylenes (PPVs) and poly-3-alkyl-thiophenes (P3ATs). Low-loss slab waveguides are realized by systematically varying molecular weight, substitution pattern of the polymers and preparation conditions of the films. These parameters have strong impact on the film morphology which shows nematic-like ordering and aggregation phenomena of the rigid chain segments of the polymer backbones. Extent and size of the ordered polymer domains are major factors determining the waveguide losses via light scattering. By varying structural and thin film preparation parameters, we succeded to obtain slab waveguides with propagation losses of less than 1 dB/cm in the near-infrared region from the polymers mentioned above. We also get an improved understanding of relations between chemical structure, thin film morphology and waveguide properties.
We determine the signs and absolute values of n and by means of nonlinear prism 2 2
coupling which occurs when the incident intensity I is so large that the refractive index of the film becomes intensity dependent, described by n = n + n I. Similarly, the absorption 0 2
coefficient of the film can also change because of increased two-photon absorption : a = a + aI. We use the second harmonic output of a Nd:YAG laser to pump an optical 0 2
parametric generator, which delivers laser pulses with a typical duration of 20 ps, repetition rate 10 Hz, and a wavelength tuning range between 680 nm and 2000 nm. We will show and discuss the dispersions of the nonlinear optical coefficients in the near-infrared region as they indicate spectral windows where the Figures of Merit conditions are met.
()la02InW =222 nT la=
39
ISMOA 2009IP-03
Nonlinear pulse propagation in tailored-dispersion Photonic Crystal Fibre
N. Joly, A. Podlipensky and P. St. J. RussellMax-Planck Institute for the Science of light
Günther-Scharowsky Str. 1/Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen Germanywww.pcfiber.com
Since the first report in 1996 [1], Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCF) have been the focus of an increasing scientific interest [2,3]. In this waveguide, mode fields can be tightly confined in an extremely small core, and dispersion tailored in a very controlled manner. As a consequence, these fibres have opened new route to the studies of pulse propagation. Among the nonlinear experiments that involve PCF, the most striking application is the possibility to generate supercontinuum [4,5]. On the other hand, propagation of soliton in optical fibres has been extensively studied over the last three decades [6].In the femtosecond regime, soliton dynamics plays an important role in the development of the broad spectrum. We will present recent work on the propagation of 110fs laser pulses in small-core PCF. We will show that two different regimes occur related to the input power: high-order soliton fission where individual solitons are ejected from the initial pulse, and pulse break-up, which results in the generation of colliding solitons and bound soliton pairs.
[1] J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.St.J. Russell and D.M. Atkin, "All-silica single-mode fiber with photonic crystal claading", Opt. Lett. 21, 1547-1549 (1996)
[2] P.St.J. Russell, "Photonic-crystal fibers," Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24, pp. 4729-4749, 2006
[3] J.C. Knight, "Photonic crystal fibres," Nature 424, pp. 847-851, 2003[4] J.K. Ranka, R.S. Windeler and A.J. Stentz: "Visible continuum generation in air–silica
microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm", Opt. Lett. 25, 25-27 (2000)
[5] W. Wadsworth, N. Joly, J. Knight, T. Birks, F. Biancalana, and P. Russell, "Supercontinuum and four-wave mixing with Q-switched pulses in endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibres," Opt. Express 12, 299-309 (2004)
[6] A. Hasegawa and M. Matsumoto, " Optical Solitons in Fibers", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2003
40
ISMOA 2009IP-04
Modal Analysis of Silicon Nanostructured Waveguide withHoley Cladding in 2-D Isosceles Triangular Lattice
1,2.* 3 4H. P. Uranus , H. J. W. M. Hoekstra , and W. L. Vos1 Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan,
Wisma Slipi, Jl. Let. Jend. S. Parman, Kav. 12, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia.2 Undergraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan,
UPH Tower, Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia.3Integrated Optical MicroSystems (IOMS) Group,
+MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
4 +Complex Photonic Systems (COPS) group, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology,University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Silicon photonics, either in the form of integrated optical chips or fiber, has attracted much interest due to their small foot-print, high refractive-index, high thermal-conductivity, high non-linear-optical coefficient, and compatibility with CMOS and fiber-drawing process technology. Recently, fabrication of well-arranged deeply-etched nanometric holes on silicon has also been reported. This structure is potential for a.o. sensing applications due to the wide surface provided by the nano-holes. In this work, we report a modal analysis on a nanostructured silicon waveguide with holey cladding in 2-D isosceles lattice running parallel with the propagation axis. For this purpose, we used our finite-element method leaky mode solver. The diameter of the holes is 326 nm, and the lattice parameters are a = 680 nm and c = 481 nm. Computations were carried out for wavelengths ë between 1.1-1.55 ìm. Although an inverse woodpile bulk photonic crystal with similar lattice parameters (which is the 3-D form of the isosceles triangular lattice used in the cladding of our structure) was reported to exhibit bandgap around ë=1.21 ìm, the waveguide under study shows no effect of such bandgap as this photonic-crystal-fiber-like waveguide relies on the leaky defect-resonance instead of photonic bandgap as its waveguiding mechanism. Although the hole's dimension is considerably smaller than the wavelength, the waveguide still shows extremely low confinement loss due to the high index-contrast provided by the silicon-air interface. This
fact implies that the dimension of the waveguide is still far from waveguiding limit, and the total losses are expected to be limited by the imperfection of the fabrication technology. At around ë=1.375 ìm, we observed anti-crossing between q-HE and q-TM modes. We 21 01
anticipate that the abrupt change of modal characteristics around this point might be useful for sensing applications. Such change does not only occur in the attenuation, but also in the group index. Additionally, we also observed the non-degeneracy of the two q-HE modes as results of 11
symmetry breaking of the structure.
41
ISMOA 2009CP-01
Nonlinear Optical Spectra of Poly(3-butylthiophene)
1, 2 2M. Jahja and C. Bubeck1Department of Physics, Gorontalo State University, Jl. Jend. Sudirman no 6 Gorontalo,
Indonesia2Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz,
Germany
All-optical switching phenomena have attracted scientists for decades [1-2]. The nonlinearity of refractive index n or absorption coefficient a is a basis of this phenomenon. Thedependence of n and a on the light intensity I is commonly expressed as n = n +n I and a = 0 2
a+ aI. The most suitable materials for all-optical switching must have large nonlinear 0 2
refractive index n and small linear and nonlinear losses a and a.2 0 2
Conjugated polymers are materials that have highly delocalized -electrons and show large optical nonlinearity. Polythiophene (PT) has -electrons distributed along its backbone, but it is not soluble in common organic solvent. Poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT, see Fig.1) is soluble in organic solvents. So thin films can be fabricated easily by spin coating.
Fig. 1. Chemical structure of P3BT
In this work, we measured the refractive indices and waveguide loss of poly(3-butylthiophene) waveguides by means of prism-coupling techniques. Fig. 2 shows a simplified view of the prism coupling setup, which was reported earlier [3,4]. This setup is used to measure the so-called coupling curve which is reflected intensity I vs. incidence R
angle q of the focused laser beam. The wavelength of the laser can be varied between 700 – 1500 nm in order to obtain the spectral dependences of n and a. We have measured the coupling curves at different beam intensities. So we can determine n and a2 2.
Fig.2 Simplified scheme of prism coupling setup
,
S
C4H9
n n
42
ISMOA 2009CP-02
From every coupling curve we could determine n and a of P3BT waveguides by using thecurve fitting procedure reported earlier [3,4]. Evaluation of n and a is based on their linear 2 2
dependence on the guided intensity in the waveguide. Spectral dependences of n and a of P3BT waveguides are shown in Fig. 3. 2 2
Relatively large n and low a combined with low waveguide losses of less than 1 dB/cm 2 2
between 1000 and 1200 nm makes P3BT a promising material for all-optical switching.
Fig. 3 Spectra of n (left) and ? (right) of poly(3-butylthiophene) waveguides. 2 2
[1] G. I. Stegeman, R. H. Stolen, Waveguides and fibers for nonlinear optics, J. Opt. Soc.Am. B 6, 652–662 (1989).
[2] A. Bahtiar, K. Koynov, A. Kibrom, T. Ahn, C. Bubeck, Multiphoton spectroscopy of polymers for all-optical switching,” SPIE 6330, C1-C14 (2006)
[3] K. Ueberhofen, A. Deutesfeld, K. Koynov, C. Bubeck, Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy of a Conjugated Polymer: Poly(p-Phenylenevinylene), J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 1921-1935 (1999).
[4] K. Koynov, N. Goutev, F. Fitrilawati, A. Bahtiar, A. Best, C. Bubeck, H.-H. Hörhold, Nonlinear prism coupling of waveguides of the conjugated polymer MEH-PPV and their figures of merit for all-optical switching, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 895–901 (2002).
60 0 80 0 10 00 1 2 00 1 4 00 1 6 00-2
-1
0
1
2
n2
(10-1
3cm
2 /W)
l (nm )
600 800 100 0 120 0 14 00 1 600- 0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
a2
(10-9
cm
/W)
l (nm)
43
ISMOA 2009CP-02
Light propagation and localization in modulated optical waveguides
Yuri S. KivsharNonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering,
Australian National University, Canberra, 0200 ACT, Australia
We review our recent theoretical and experimental results on self-trapping and control of polychromatic light in periodic photonic lattices.
Photonic structures with a periodic modulation of the optical refractive index open many novel possibilities for engineering the fundamental aspects of optical wave dynamics. The physics of light propagation in periodic photonic structures is governed by the scattering of waves from the high refractive index regions and the subsequent interference of the scattered waves. This is a resonant process, which is sensitive to both frequency and propagation angle. As such, periodic photonic structures find various applications, including spatial beam control and manipulation of beam refraction and diffraction. These applications, however, are primarily optimized for beam shaping and deflection in a narrow-frequency range. In many practical cases, including ultra-broad bandwidth optical communications or propagation of ultra-short (sub-10 fs) pulses, the bandwidth of optical signals can span over a wide frequency range.
In this talk, we will overview our recent theoretical and experimental results on the tunable control of the supercontinuum light beams by employing photonic lattices. In particular, we report on the experimental observation of higher-order and mixed dynamic localization resonances in both one- and two-dimensional photonic lattices. New features such as spectral broadening of the dynamic localization resonances and localization-induced transformation of the lattice symmetry are demonstrated. These phenomena could be used to shape polychromatic beams emitted by supercontinuum light sources.
Our results demonstrate novel fundamental features of the effect of dynamic localization based on higher-order and mixed resonances in one- and two-dimensional lattices. Polychromatic dynamic localization and localization-induced transformation of lattice geometry, which we observe for the first time to our knowledge, open up new avenues for applications of the dynamic localization effect in various physical contexts. In particular, our work suggests new approaches for flexible shaping of polychromatic light with ultrabroadband or supercontinuum spectra, which can be enhanced further through the introduction of structure tunability and optical nonlinearities.
[1] I.L. Garanovich, A.A. Sukhorukov, and Yu.S. Kivshar, ``Broadband diffraction management and self-collimation of white light in photonic lattices'', Phys. Rev. E 74, 066609 (2006).
[2] A. Szameit, I. L. Garanovich, M. Heinrich, A. A. Sukhorukov, F. Dreisow, T. Pertsch, S. Nolte, A. Tunnermann, and Yu. S. Kivshar, “Polychromatic dynamic localization in curved photonic lattices,” Nature Physics 5, 271-275 (2009).
44
ISMOA 2009IP-05
Recent development of long-period waveguide grating devices
Kin Seng ChiangDepartment of Electronic Engineering,
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
A grating formed in a single-mode optical fiber to achieve effective light coupling from the guided core mode to the cladding modes of the fiber was first proposed and demonstrated in 1996 [1]. The pitch of the grating required is of the order of 100 m, which is more than two orders of magnitude larger than that of the well-known fiber Bragg grating, and, therefore, the grating is widely referred to as the long-period fiber grating (LPFG). The transmission spectrum of a typical LPFG consists of a number of rejection bands at specific resonance wavelengths, which correspond to couplings to various cladding modes of the fiber. LPFGs offer many nice features, including easy fabrication, low insertion loss, and negligible back reflection. Because such gratings are formed in single-mode fibers, they do not need any special means to separate the coupling modes. This property simplifies significantly the deployment of the gratings for various applications. LPFG has become a powerful technology for the realization of optical fiber filters. Over the years, there have been numerous developments in the application of LPFGs in fiber communications and sensing.
Of the many applications of LPFGs, the realization of tunable filters is of particular interest in fiber communication systems as such filters can potentially offer dynamic controls in optical networks. However, the tunability of a LPFG is very much limited by the geometry and material constraints of the optical fiber. To relax the constraints of the optical fiber, long-period gratings formed in planar waveguides, known as long-period waveguide gratings (LPWGs), have been proposed [2]. LPWGs share many of the advantages of LPFGs and offer some new features. LPWGs have been fabricated with different materials (glass, polymer, and semiconductor) and in different waveguide structures (slab waveguides, ridge waveguides, rib waveguides, and channel waveguides). A range of widely tunable LPWG devices has been demonstrated experimentally, which include band-rejection filters [3,4], band-pass filters [5], variable attenuators [6], and add-drop multiplexers [7,8]. These devices explore the large thermo-optic effect of polymer to achieve effective thermal tuning. However, the tuning speed of these devices is intrinsically slow. To achieve a much higher tuning speed, it is necessary to implement LPWG devices in electro-optic (EO) materials.
In the last two years, there has been significant progress in the development of LPWGs in LiNbO , the most popular EO material. The challenge was in the formation of a 3
LiNbO waveguide structure suitable for the implementation of a LPWG. The waveguide 3
structure must contain a cladding with a refractive index lower than that of the core but higher than that of the substrate [2]. The conventional LiNbO waveguide fabrication techniques, 3
however, produce a core in a LiNbO substrate directly. Because of the large index of LiNbO 3 3
and the small index difference between the core and the substrate, there is virtually no material with the right index that can be placed on the waveguide to create the required cladding. Recently our group has developed a two-step proton-exchange process to solve this problem [9], which has led to the first experimental demonstration of EO LPWGs in LiNbO 3
45
ISMOA 2009IP-06
The best sample fabricated in our laboratory allows the contrast of the rejection band to be tuned by 25 dB with a driving voltage of 49 V. The temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength of the sample is –1.0 nm/C. The EO LPWG provides not only an electric tuning of the contrast of the rejection band, but also an effective thermal tuning of the position of the rejection band. This talk presents a review of the recent progress in the development of LPWG devices, in particular, EO LPWG filters.
The research was supported by a research grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Project No. CityU 111907].
[1] M. Vengsarkar, P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkins, V. Bhatia, T. Erdogan, and J. E. Sipe, “Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 58-65 (1996).
[2] V. Rastogi and K. S. Chiang, “Long-period gratings in planar optical waveguides,” Appl. Opt. 41, 6351-6355 (2002).
[3] K. S. Chiang, K. P. Lor, C. K. Chow, H. P. Chan, V. Rastogi, and Y. M. Chu, “Widely tunable long-period gratings fabricated in polymer-clad ion-exchanged glass waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1094-1096 (2003)
[4] K. S. Chiang, C. K. Chow, H. P. Chan, Q. Liu, and K. P. Lor, “Widely tunable polymer long-period waveguide grating with polarization-insensitive resonance wavelength,” Electron. Lett. 40, 422-423 (2004).
[5] Y. M. Chu, K. S. Chiang, and Q. Liu, “Widely tunable optical bandpass filter by use of polymer long-period waveguide gratings,” Appl. Opt. 45, 2755-2760 (2006).
[6] K. S. Chiang, C. K. Chow, Q. Liu, H. P. Chan, and K. P. Lor, “Band-rejection filter with widely tunable center wavelength and contrast using metal long-period grating on polymer waveguide,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1109-1111 (2006).
[7]Y. Bai, Q. Liu, K. P. Lor, and K. S. Chiang, “Widely tunable long-period waveguide
grating couplers,” Optics Express 14, 12644-12654, (2006).[8] C. K. Chow, K. S. Chiang, Q. Liu, K. P. Lor, and H. P. Chan, “UV-written long-period
waveguide grating coupler for broadband add/drop multiplexing,” Opt. Commun. 282, 378-381 (2009).
[9] W. Jin, K. S. Chiang, Q. Liu, C. K. Chow, H. P. Chan, and K. P. Lor, “Lithium-niobate channel waveguide for the realization of long-period gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 1258-1260 (2008).
[10] W. Jin, K. S. Chiang, and Q. Liu, “Electro-optic long-period waveguide gratings in lithium niobate,” Optics Express 16, 20409-20417 (2008).
~
46
ISMOA 2009IP-06
Thursday, 13 August 2009
Plenary Oral Presentations
ABSTRACTS
ISMOA 2009
Metamaterial Platform: the next Photonics Revolution
Nikolay I. ZheludevOptoelectronics Research Centre
University of Southampton, United Kingdomwww.metamaterials.org.uk
Patterning of thin metal films on the sub-wavelength scale can yield a range of functionalities invaluable for nanophotonic application. This includes mimicking properties of conventional bulk media such as anisotropy and girotropy, but most importantly nanoscale patterning can lead to new functionalities. This includes negative index and high-epsilon media, stop bands and narrow resonances with strong dispersion useful in optical delays. Nano-structured films can be electromagnetically “invisible”, enforce asymmetry of light's propagation in the opposite directions, create sub-wavelength far-filed concentrations of light and form the basis of coherent source of electromagnetic radiation, the “lasing spaser”.
Electromagnetic metamaterials also provide a unique flexible platform for mimicking and modeling a broader physical realm. Keystone physics ideas and phenomena such as Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, Bose-Einstein Condensation, the Mössbauer Effect, the Bunn effect, the Meissner Effect, anyons in High-Tc superconductors, parity violation in atoms anion are among those that could be intriguingly close mimicked in classical electromagnetic meta-materials.
49
ISMOA 2009IP-07
Nano-scale optical antennae of coupled dipolar oscillators
Jasper KnoesterZernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen
Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
Controlling the absorption and flow of optical energy at the nanometer length scale is a scientifically and technically challenging problem. Nature has optimized some of these processes in photosynthetic antenna complexes, which are able to transport energy to a well-defined place (the reaction center) with very high efficiencies. Mimicking such systems in a manmade device is a topic of considerable scientific interest. In addition, controlling the flow of optical energy at the subwavelength scale is of interest for developing systems like optical chips and nanoscale antennae for functions such as sensing.
In this talk, I will address some of our recent research on two types of systems synthesized to achieve the above goals: (i) self-assembled molecular aggregates, in which strongly coupled organic molecules are responsible for both the absorption and the transport of energy, and (ii) plasmonic arrays, which are systems where plasmon excitations in metallic quantum dots are coupled via the electromagnetic field. Both types of systems have in common that their optical response has a collective nature, determined by strong interactions between dipolar building blocks: molecules in (i) and quantum dots in (ii). In (i) I will focus in particular on a novel class of tubular molecular aggregates, which show a close similarity to natural antenna complexes [1,2]. Theoretical as well as experimental results will be presented. In (ii) I will focus on modelling the optical response of graded plasmonic arrays. We have shown that it is possible to localize at will the electromagnetic energy on just a couple of dots in arrays of up to 30 dots; the location of the energy can be controlled by tuning the wavelength of the light [3]. Also, I will discuss the possibility to guide optical energy around turns on a sub-wavelength scale [4]. If time allows I will address the control of Förster resonance energy transfer by a nanostructured dielectric environment [5].
[1] A. Pugžlys, R. Augulis, P.H.M. van Loosdrecht, C. Didraga, V. Malyshev, and J. Knoester, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 20268-20276 (2006).
[2] D.M. Eisele, J. Knoester, S. Kirstein, J.P. Rabe, and D. Vanden Bout (submitted).[3] A.V. Malyshev, V.A. Malyshev, and J. Knoester, Nano Letters 8, 2369-2372 (2008).[4] A.V. Malyshev, V.A. Malyshev, and J. Knoester, in preparation.[5] C.A. Marocico and J. Knoester, Phys. Rev. A 79, 053816 (2009).
50
ISMOA 2009IP-08
Novel optical properties of metal-dielectric artificial structures
Teruya IshiharaDepartment of Physics, Tohoku University
Effective magnetic permeability in short-period metal dielectric multilayers and photo-induced voltage in perforated metal thin films are discussed.
By using transfer matrix method, it is straightforward to calculate optical response of layered structure. The response can be reproduced by uniform material with the same thickness having an effective permittivity e and permeability m. Effective permeability calculated from complex transmission and reflection coefficients with the transfer matrix is found to be 20 just below the first photonic bandgap for a stratified metal dielectric metamaterial consisting of alumina (60nm) /Ag (30nm) /alumina (60nm) unit cells. Measurements with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer were found to be consistent with theoretical prediction. Due to the non-unity permeability, the Brewster's angle that is found only for p-polarized light for ordinary materials can be found for s-polarized light for such a simple metamaterial [1].
When light is incident on a metallic grating, diffraction generally occurs besides reflection and transmission. As a result, a net momentum is transferred to the grating, which results in a shift of free electron distribution and voltage across the sample. The phenomenon can be understood as an optical rectification as well [2]. When circularly polarized light is obliquely incident on a periodically perforated 40 nm-thick Au film, electrical voltage is found to be induced perpendicularly to the incident plane near the surface plasmon polariton resonance. The photo-induced voltage changes its sign when the sign of incident angle or the sense of polarization flips [3].
[1] R. Watanabe et al., “s-polarization Brewster's angle of stratified metal-dielectric metamaterial in optical regime,” phys. status solidi (b) 245, 2696 (2008).
[2] T. Hatano et al., ”Optical rectification effecct in 1D metallic photonic crystal slabs with asymmetric unit cell,” Opt. Exp. 16, 8236 (2008).
[3] T. Hatano et al., “Tranverse Photo-Voltage Induced by Circularly Polarized Light,” submitted.
51
ISMOA 2009IP-09
Spatial and spectral nano-control of micro-resonators
Yong-Hee LeeDepartment of Physics, KAIST
373-1 Kusung-dong, Yusung-gu, Daejon, Korea 305-701
Spatially reconfigurable Gaussian-shaped photonic well is generated by contacting a curved tapered micro-fiber onto a photonic crystal waveguide. We confirm the photon trapping in this relocatable potential well by observing lasing action slightly below the corresponding band edge. In addition, the feasibility of sub-nanometer resonant tuning is demonstrated by growing electron-beam-induced nano-dots inside high-Q photonic crystal resonators.
52
ISMOA 2009IP-10
Semiconductor and metal based photonic nanostructures towards next decade integrated photonics
Kiyoshi AsakawaNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS),
Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
Photonic integration technologies, originated from dielectric waveguides or opto-electronic integrated circuits (OEICs) in 1980's and planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) in 1990's, have far advanced by appearance of photonic crystal (PC) waveguides and self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) in 2000's. To date, we have developed PC/QD-combined all-optical switch, PC-SMZ, and it's application to digital optical flip-flop, PC-FF [1]. Recently, novel nano-photonic technologies using metal/dielectric interfaces have attracted great concern for surface plasmon (SP) [2] and negative refractive index material (NIM) [3]. Figure 1 shows a schematic nano-photonic technology roadmap which shows key roles of these PC, SP and NIM technologies under our research scenario. The map pursues new potential for nano-photonics in LSI and imaging/sensing communities as well as in a telecommunication system. In the first part of this paper, we review our latest research achievement on the PC/QD-combined all optical devices assisted by an optical nonlinear effect of the QD. In the second part, we discuss the SP and NIM technologies focusing on capability of new imaging/sensing devices as well as improved all-optical devices.
[1] K. Asakawa, et al., New J. Phys 8, 1-26 (2006).[2] T. Ebbesen, et al., Nature 391, 667-669 (1998).
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram showing potential for new application of PC, SP and NIM.
53
ISMOA 2009IP-11
Optimization of the Functionality of Grated Waveguides
1,3 1 1 2H. Alatas , L. O. Osapoetra , A. A. Iskandar , H. J. W. M Hoekstra and1M. O. Tjia
1 Physics of Photonics and Magnetism, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia
2 Integrated Optical MicroSystems, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
3 Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
The effects of certain structural improvements on the functional properties of waveguides with a finite grated section has been studied systematically by means of Green tensor calculations. The research focuses in particular on intra-cavity field enhancement and correspondingly a high Q-factor and a large group delay of the transmitted light at resonant wavelengths. The waveguide grating considered has a basic structure of Silicon-On-Insulator with 160 nm insulator film thickness. The grating consists of 13 periods of 200 nm each with 0.5 duty cycle and 80 nm corrugation depth. It was found among others that by shifting the two outer cells, on both sides of the grating, outward leads to an increase of the peak transmittance, field enhancement, an increased group delay as well as a shift of the band edges to a longer wavelength of the first resonance at the higher wavelength edge. All these phenomena are attributed to a reduction of the scattering loss, owing to the applied structural modifications. The reverse is found when the higher thickness regions of the two outer cells are shifted inward. Further study is being conducted to explore different structural modifications for a more effective control of the field enhancement and group delay at resonance, as will be discussed during the conference.
54
ISMOA 2009CP-03
Variation of MQW design parameters in an InP-based LW-VCSEL and its effects on the spectral linewidth
1 2 2Kumarajah Kandiah , P Susthitha Menon and Sahbudin Shaari1 Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
2 Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA.
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have proven to be a cost efficient alternative to edge-emitting lasers, offering improved properties with respect to mode selectivity, fiber coupling, threshold currents and integration into 2D arrays or with other electronic devices. Long wavelength VCSELs at 1.3 and 1.55 µm provides the advantage of having higher bit rates over longer distances while persevering the cost factor and this is crucial especially in access and backbone optical communication networks. This paper is a report on the simulative and comparative study on the effects of multi quantum well (MQW) design parameters on the spectral linewidth of an InP-based, 1.5-ìm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The device employs InGaAsP MQW sandwiched between GaAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) and utilizes a top-emitting, air-post design for current confinement.
55
ISMOA 2009CP-04
Light on integrated optical sensing
Hugo J.W.M. HoekstraIOMS Group, MESA Research Institute, University of Twente
Integrated optical (IO) sensors are suitable candidates for the accurate detection of changes in parameters such as refractive index, layer thickness and position, induced chemically or by other means. In the dominant application field of these sensors, the sensing of small chemical concentrations, such changes are generated inside a chemo-optical interface containing receptors which are specific for, e.g., the molecule or virus to be detected and from these changes the concentrations can be derived unambiguously. The strength of such sensors, if compared to conventional bulky sensor implementations, is among others related to the intrinsic high sensitivity of optical methods, the possibilities for compact integration of different functionalities and realization of sensor arrays for multi-parameter detection on a single chip. In addition IO offers the possibility to use new sensing principles, which cannot or hardly be realized with classical optical components, like sensors based on photonic crystals or on index induced modal field changes.
The presentation will focus on both theoretical and technological topics relevant for the realization and optimization of such IO sensing devices. These topics encompass slow light propagation, leading to strong matter light interaction, as well as the relevance of a number of different sensing device principles. A number of recent device implementations will be discussed in detail.
56
ISMOA 2009IP-12
Fluctuations of decay rates of embedded emitters inside random photonic media
1 1,2 1M. D. Birowosuto , W. L. Vos , A. P. Mosk1 Complex Photonic Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands2 Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF),
1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Local density of states (LDOS) uniquely describes the available optical eigenmodes in which photons can exist at a specific spatial location. The LDOS controls the spontaneous emission, which is a fundamental phenomenon associated with the creation of light from the source. In disordered photonic media, the average LDOS is independent of the photonic properties, and only scales with the effective refractive index. Instead, strong sample-to-sample fluctuations of the LDOS are the characteristics of a disordered medium. Qualitative calculations of the fluctuations of the LDOS were previously made in the contexts of the nonlinear sigma model [1] and the intensity correlations in speckle patterns [2]. To date, however, there have not been any experiments to confirm this theory. Therefore, we study spontaneous emission of emitters in the disordered photonic media.We present the time-resolved measurements on single polystyrene spheres incorporated with dye molecules, which are embedded inside a disordered layer of ZnO nanoparticles. Fluorescence image of single fluorescent spheres embedded in a 4.8 m-thick layer of ZnO pigment at a depth of 2.5 m is shown in Fig. 1(a). Such doped polystyrene spheres, which are much smaller than the wavelength of light, contain about 33 molecules which all sense the LDOS at the same position. However, since the orientation of the molecules is random, they will decay at different rates. Fluorescence decays of single fluorescent spheres are therefore described by a log-normal distribution of decay rates. This distribution contains two free parameters; the most-frequent decay rate and the distribution width [3].
Fig. 1. (a) Fluorescent image showing the diffuse spot from a single fluorescent sphere inside disordered photonic media. (b)Decay curves for fluorescent spheres embedded inside (i) homogeneous medium and (ii) disordered photonic media . The scale bar is 10 m and the lines through the data are fits.
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ISMOA 2009CP-05
From two different spheres inside ZnO, their decay curves yield most-frequent decay rates of -1 -10.22 and 0.30 ns with an identical distribution width of 0.42 ns , see blue and red curves in
Fig. 1(b). These values strongly differ than the decay rate and the distribution width of a -fluorescent sphere embedded inside the homogeneous reference medium of 0.26 and 0.05 ns
1, respectively, see Fig. 1(b). We will discuss these resulting LDOS fluctuations. Future plans by using other emitters and probing the LDOS in the other host samples are also discussed.
[1] A. D. Mirlin, "Statistics of energy levels and eigenfunctions in disordered systems", Phys. Rep. 326, 259 (2000).
[2] B. A. van Tiggelen and S. E. Skipetrov, "Fluctuations of the local density of states and C 0
speckle correlations are equal", Phys. Rev. E 73, 045601 (2006).[3] I. S. Nikolaev, P. Lodahl, A. F. van Driel, A. F. Koenderink and W. L. Vos, "Strongly
nonexponential time-resolved fluorescence of quantum-dot ensembles in three-dimensional photonic crystals", Phys. Rev. B 75, 115302 (2007).
58
ISMOA 2009CP-05
SOA-based O-band Tunable Fiber Laser Using an Array Waveguide Grating
1 1 1 1 2H. Ahmad , M. Z. Zulkifli , A. A. Latif , K.Thambiratnam and S. W. Harun1 Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Malaya 5060, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia2Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya
50603 Kuala Lumpur MalaysiaTel: 603-79674290, Fax: 603-79676770
A novel Tunable Fibre Laser (TFL) operating in the Ordinary band (O-band) of 1310 nm is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed TFL uses a 1x16 Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) and an Optical Channel Selector (OCS) to achieve tenability. A O-band Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) is used as a compact gain medium for the TFL. The TFL has a tuning range of 1301.26 nm to 1311.18 nm with 9.92 nm span and channel spacing of 0.7 nm, with an output power of between -4 and -8 dBm and an SMSR of more than 29 dB. The fluctuations of output power and SMSR are measured to be approximately 4 dB and 4 dB respectively.
59
ISMOA 2009CP-07
Single Mode Erbium Ytterbium-doped fiber laser With Multimode Pumping
1,2 2 3 3 3 S. W. Harun , H. Ahmad , E. L. Lim , S. U. Alam , D. J. Richardson1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.2Photonics Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.3Optoelectronics Research Center, University of Southampton, Southampton S017 IBJ,
UK.
An efficient and stable laser action from a double-clad Erbium/Ytterbium doped fiber (EYDF) is demonstrated using a fiber Bragg grating at room temperature. The fiber laser operates at wavelength of 1552.3nm with a slope efficiency of 38% when pumped by multimode 915nm laser diodes. However, the slope efficiency is higher in the EYDF laser configured with double-sided output due to the high splicing loss between the multimode combiner and double-clad EYDF. The laser also has a spectral bandwidth of 0.2nm and signal to noise ratio of more than 25dB. The threshold power to achieve lasing is measured to be approximately 500mW for this laser.
60
ISMOA 2009CP-08
3+ 3+The upconversion luminescence of Nd /Er co-doped tellurite glass
M.R.Sahar, M. S. Rohani and A.KasimAdvanced Optical Material Research Group, Physics Dept., Faculty of Science
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Darul Takzim
Series of glass based on 78TeO -10PbO-10Li O-(2-x)Nd O -xEr O where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 2 2 2 3 2 3
and 2.0 mol% has successfully been prepared by melt quenching technique. Their upconversion luminescence has been carried out upon excitation around 585 nm. The result shows that all samples exhibit six to eight significant transition peaks with three common peaks are due to the transition of The experimental lifetime, of the glass has also been calculated using the Judd-Ofelt analysis and it is found that the value is higher in the visible region as it varies from 65.17ms to 114.63ms than in the near infrared region where it varies from 2.133ms to 2.270ms. Meanwhile, the emission crosssection,is found to vary from 0.004
20 2 20 2x 10 cm to 1.007 x 10 cm depending on the composition. The upconversion mechanism of this glass has also been shown in a simplified energy-level diagram. The result shows that the excited state-absorption (ESA) is the dominant upconversion excitation process. This mechanism is then accomplished through a stepwise multiphonon process due to the efficient
3+ 3+excitation energy transfer (ET) between Nd and Er ions.
61
ISMOA 2009CP-09
Emission Property of Inverse Opal TiO Waveguide Structure 2
Infiltrated with Organic Laser Dye Styryl 9M
1,2 b 2 2 2L. Safriani , B. Cai , K. Komatsu , O. Sugihara , and T. Kaino1 Physics Department, Padjadjaran University
Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia2 Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku
University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
Polymeric based lasers are especially interesting organic systems due to their low cost, stability and fabrication ease compared to liquid-crystal-based systems. The present study
investigated the fabrication of functional inverse opal TiO waveguide structure. 2
Functionality of inverse opal TiO was attained by infiltrating laser dye Styryl 9M doped to 2
polycarbonate (PC) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) into inverse opal TiO . A technique to 2
realize serially grafted waveguide which has passive and active core surrounded by air has been developed. Emission property of inverse opal TiO waveguide structure infiltrated with 2
PC/Styryl 9M and PVP/Styryl 9M were studied by pumping 532 nm ND-YAG laser in the perpendicular direction to the active core of inverse opal TiO waveguide structure Both of 2
polymer laser dye emission spectra exhibited laserlike emission. However PVP/Styryl 9M presented better result of emission spectra at 805.15 nm with FWHM is 9.75 nm.
62
ISMOA 2009CP-10
Miniaturized imaging systems and artificial compound eyes by microoptics technology
Jacques DuparréFraunhofer IOF, Jena, Germany
Natural compound eyes combine small eye volumes with a large field of view, at the cost of comparatively low spatial resolution. For small invertebrates as for instance flies or moths the compound eyes are the perfectly adapted solution to obtain sufficient visual information about their environment without over-loading their brain with the necessary image processing. Microoptics technology enables the generation of highly precise and uniform microlens arrays with small lens sags and their accurate alignment to the subsequent optics-, spacing- and optoelectronics structures. The result are thin, simple and monolithic imaging devices with the high accuracy of photo lithography. Artificial compound eyes promise to lead to a completely new class of imaging systems. Due to their compactness, high FOV and large depths of focus artificial compound eyes can find applications, usual objectives will never find their way in. Compound eye cameras could for instance fit into tight spaces in automotive engineering, credit cards, stickers, sheets or displays, be used for security and surveillance, medical technology and anywhere else, where the imaging system shall not be recognized as such. They especially would be suitable for the application as vision system in light-weight MAVs (micro air vehicles) which also sometimes have their archetype in insect-principles. The obtainable resolution is sufficient for many machine vision applications. We present our latest results of research and development on the insect inspired miniaturized optical imaging systems: Artificial apposition compound eye, Gabor-superlens, ultra-thin microscope as well as the more complex cluster eye for higher resolution applications.
Furthermore the current trends of “classical” wafer-level-cameras especially for mobile phone applications are discussed. Different design approaches as well as available fabrication technologies e.g. ranging for the lens wafer mastering from “step-and-repeat” to “full wafer diamond turning” are presented and classified with respect to their potential for high-yield mass-fabrication.
63
ISMOA 2009IP-13
Study of Microstructure and Optical Property for Polymer-capped ZnS:Cu Nanocrystalline Thin Films
1 2 2 1Tran Minh Thi , Bui Thi Hong Van , Pham Van Ben and Nguyen Minh Thuy1 Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
2 College of Science, VNU, 334 Nguyen Trai road, Vietnam
The ZnS:Cu nanopowders with Cu concentrations of 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% are synthetic by the wet chemical method. The polyvinylacohol (PVA)-capped ZnS:Cu thin films with Cu concentration of 0.2% are prepared by dip-coating method. The microstructure of samples is investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the prepared samples belong to the Wurtzite structure with the average particle size of about 3 – 7 nm. The luminescent intensity of ZnS:Cu nanopowders is the highest for sample with Cu optimal concentration of 0,2%. The PVA did not affect the microstructure of ZnS nanomaterials. The optical properties of samples are studied by measuring the absorption and the photoluminescence spectra in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 900 nm at room temperature. The value of direct band gap is about 3.8 eV. The dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of samples on the exciting power density, their time-resolved-luminescence spectra are also investigated. The results allow us to explain their optical properties by the quantum confinement effect of ZnS nanoparticles in the polymer PVA matrix.
64
ISMOA 2009CP-10
Multiferroic materials Bi Sm FeO : A study of Raman and absorption 1-x x 3
spectroscopies
Nguyen Van Minh, Doan Thi Thuy Phuong, Dao Viet Thang Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136
Xuan-Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
In this presentation, we show the Raman spectra from 10 K to room temperature and absorption spectra of Bi Sm FeO samples.1-x x 3
A single-phase rhombohedrally distorted structure R is observed with no trace of 3C
other (or impurity) phase within the uncertainity of XRD in case of pure BiFeO . The XRD 3
patterns are in excellent accord with the powder data. The lattice parameters for pure BiFeO 3
hexagonal unit cell are calculated to be a=5.5778 Å c=13.8685 Å. The magnified patterns of 0pure BiFeO samples in the vicinity of 2 = 32 shows that the (104) and (110) diffraction 3
peaks are completely separate in a pure BiFeO and in samples with x=0.05 and 0.10, but the 3
peaks are shifted and overlapped to a single peak when Bi atoms are substituted by Sm with x > 0.10. This result implies that the rhombohedral structure is distorted to a monoclinic or orthorhombic structure by Sm doping.
Fig. 1 presents the absorption spectra of the Bi Sm FeO samples. The edge band shifts 1-x x 3
to higher wavelength as increasing the Sm content. The selection rules for the Raman active modes in rhombohedral R3c(C3v) symmetry predict only 13 active Raman phonons with A and E symmetries, 1
according to the irreducible representation, = 4A + 9E. In polarized Raman RAMAN/IR 1
scattering, the A modes can be observed by 1
parallel polarization, while the E modes can be observed by both parallel and crossed polarizations. Since all these modes fall in
-1the frequency range below ~ 700 cm , most of the Raman studies have focused in this region, with the subsequent lack of information at higher frequencies. Here, we
-1concern the Raman spectra in the 200-1800 cm range in bulk samples. In addition to the well-understood Raman features in the low frequency region, the spectra show a very
-1prominent band at ~ 1000-1300 cm , which we associate with two-phonon Raman scattering, strongly enhanced due to the resonance with the intrinsic absorption edge.
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ISMOA 2009CP-11
Fig. 1 Absorption spectra of Bi Sm FeO samples 1-x x 3
For clarify, in Fig. 2 we show the unpolarized Raman spectra as a function of temperature under excitation at 514 nm, for the Bi Sm FeO bulk sample with x=0.10 (Fig. 1-x x 3
2a) and for all samples at 13 K (Fig. 2b). As seen, all samples show the same Raman modes at -1similar energy positions. When comparing the low frequency Raman modes (100-700 cm ),
with those previously theoretical and experimentally reported, good agreement is obtained. -1The only difference is the prominent additional band around ~1000-1300 cm which has not
been reported before. Changing the excitation wavelength to 488 nm led to no observed spectral shifts in this band; therefore, its Raman scattering nature is confirmed, excluding any possible phonon and/or magnon assisted luminescence in this region. The origin of this structure has been assigned to the combination of three different two-phonons Raman scattering in BFO labeled as 2A4, 2E8 and 2E9, since their spectral positions correspond to
-1 -1practically double the energy values of the A(LO4) ~ 480 cm , E(TO8) ~550 cm and -1E(TO9) ~620 cm normal modes of BFO respectively. The strong contribution of the two-
phonon band to the total Raman spectrum has been attributed to a resonant enhancement with the intrinsic absorption edge in BFO (2.66 eV). As the samples are heated (Fig. 2a), the Raman modes gradually broaden, as well as slightly shift to lower wavenumbers, which is expected due to thermal expansion and thermal disorder respectively. The most striking feature, however, is a dramatic decrease in the total integrated intensity, as well as the spectral shape of the two-phonon Raman band with increasing temperature.
In summary, a resonant enhancement of two-phonons Raman scattering in the -1vicinity of 1200 cm has been reported in BFO multiferroic system.
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ISMOA 2009CP-11
300 600 900 1200 1500
Inte
nsi
ty(a
.u.)
Raman shift (cm-1
)
Inte
ns
ity
(a.u
.)
Raman shift (cm-1
)
Fig 2 Raman spectra of Bi Sm FeO : (a) x=0.10, 1-x x 3
and at 13 K with various contents
3D Detection of Gold Nanobiomarkers in Live Cells Environments using Digital Holographic Microscopy
1,4 2 3 2 Fadwa Joud , Nilanthi Warnsooriya , Philippe Bun , Gilles Tessier , Michael Atlan2 1 3 4 1, Pierre Desbiolles , Maite Coppey-Moisan , Marie Abboud and Michel Gross
1 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, 75005, France2 Laboratoire d'Optique, Institut Langevin, ESPCI, Paris, 75005, France
3 Dept. Biologie cellulaire - Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, 75005, France4 Dept. Physique - Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon
[email protected], [email protected]
In cell imaging, the use of noble metals labels has gained wide advantage in comparison with other biological markers due to their unique optical properties. The potential of using Gold nanoparticles as cellular markers for the detection of live oral cancer cells has been previously demonstrated [1]. This paper presents a new heterodyne holography-based live cell imaging technique using subwavelength-sized Gold particles as biomarkers. Our group have proved the efficiency of using Heterodyne Holographic Microscopy in 3D imaging of Gold nanoparticles in a PVA matrix [2], with shot noise limited sensitivity [3]. Here we used a sample of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts tagged with 40 nm Gold particles functionalized to stuck onto the cell surface via the integrin cellular receptor. An illumination laser source is splitted into a reference beam and an object illumination beam. Two Acousto-optic modulators are used to frequency shift both beams [4]. A microscope objective collects the light scattered from the sample and the scattered beam interferes with the reference beam forming the hologram that is recorded by a CCD camera. The hologram, containing both amplitude and phase information, is than numerically treated, and reconstructed using two Fourrier transforms [5, 6]. Intensity images I(x,y,z) can be calculated from the obtained reconstructed wave field E(x,y,z) which can be reconstructed in virtually any z-plane using a single recorded hologram. The obtained reconstructed images show an accurate 3D localization of Gold nanoparticles attached to live cells with significant acquisition times of the order of 50 ms. In summary, this paper shows the potential of our technique to image Gold nanoparticles used as biomarkers in live cells environments, for what we believe to be the first time in the context of digital holography.
67
ISMOA 2009CP-12
Photonic crystal waveguides integrated with microcantilevers as a novel platform for gas sensors
S.V. Pham, L.J. Kauppinen, M. Dijkstra, H.A.G.M. van Wolferen, R.M. de Ridder and H.J.W.M. Hoekstra
+MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
We present results related to the simulation and fabrication of a novel and highly sensitive mechano-optical sensor for gas detection (i.e., hydrogen gas) based on microcantilevers, supplied with a selective gas absorption layer, suspended above a Si N grated waveguide 3 4
(GWG). The presence of a dielectric object, in this case a suspended cantilever, in the evanescent field region of the GWG may lead to the occurrence of propagating modes for wavelengths inside the stop band of the grating, and so to defect modes inside the stop band. These modes introduce sharp features in the transmission spectrum of the device. These features are quite suitable to monitor stress induced bending of the cantilever owing to concentration changes of the gas for which the absorptive layer is sensitive.
The 2D bidirectional eigenmode propagation (BEP) method has been applied to analyze the effect of cantilever displacement on the optical transmission spectrum of the GWG. The simulation results show that as the cantilever approaches the grating, the first near band-edge resonance peak is pulled inside the stop band and its spectral width decreases. The resolution of displacement measurement is estimated to be 0.2 nm for a 200 nm thick cantilever at a 200 nm initial gap, assuming a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB.
Integrated microcantilever-GWG devices have been fabricated successfully using MEMS techniques. Uniform gratings have been defined with laser interference lithography. SiO cantilevers with low initial bending (i.e., low stress) have been fabricated by combining 2
the tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate chemical vapor deposition (TEOS-CVD) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) oxides, and by releasing them using a tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) wet-etching solution to remove the sacrificial poly-Si layer, followed by a freeze-drying process. Currently we are optimizing the fabrication process to achieve cantilevers with low initial bending. Detailed results, also discussing the potential of the integrated microcantilever-GWG as a novel and compact mechano-optical sensor for hydrogen gas, will be presented during the conference.
AcknowledgementsThis research is supported by MEMSland, a project of the Point One program funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the STW Technology Foundation through project TOE. 6596.
68
ISMOA 2009CP-13
Surface Plasmon Generation in Hybrid Polymer Grating Covered by Thin Metal Layer and their Characteristics for Molecular Sensing
Applications
1 1 2 1 1Rahmat Hidayat , Widianta Gomulya , Hendro , Daniel Kurnia , Herman , Akihiko 3 3Fujii , Masanori Ozaki
1 Physics of Magnetic and Photonic Research Division,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat2 Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Research Division,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat3 Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Osaka University, Yamada-Oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Hybrid polymers show many promises in wide range of applications, covering from special coating applications up to micro-system applications. In comparison to their counterparts, organic polymers, these polymers show better chemical and thermal stability, which increase the flexibility in manufacturing processes and the durability of the applications. In particular, because hybrid polymers can be formed from their precursors by photo-polymerization, they have attracted much attention for building micro-optics or nano-photonics structure. The demonstrations of the fabrication of those structures have been reported elsewhere. In the present work, we have studied the fabrication of grating structure from hybrid polymers by employing laser interference technique. The third harmonic of a Nd-YAG laser were used to create an interference pattern, which also initiate the photo-polymerization of the precursor layer. Grating formation has been confirmed by light diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements. The grating periodicity between 350 - 1000 nm has been successfully prepared. The grating was then covered by a very thin layer metal (Au or Ag) with the thickness about 50 nm. Using these grating, with the help of a prism coupler setup, we observed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wave generation. The SPR spectrum shows two dips, which shifts with the light incident angle. The formation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) band gap was observed in this grating structure. SPP band gap is considered has many interesting physical phenomenon and practical applications. Practical applications for sensing devices will be described briefly.
Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE), Ministry of Education of Indonesia for their support through the JSPS/DGHE Joint Research/Exchange Program and Hibah Strategis Nasional Research Project.
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ISMOA 2009CP-14
Friday, 14 August 2009
Plenary Oral Presentations
ABSTRACTS
ISMOA 2009
Broadband Two-dimensional Multicolored Arrays Generation in a Sapphire Plate
1,2,3,4 1,2Takayoshi Kobayashi and Jun Liu1 Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry and Institute for Laser Science, University
of Electro-Communications, Chofugaoka 1-5-1, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan2 International Cooperative Research Project (ICORP), Japan Science and Technology
Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan3 Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd.,
Hsinohu 300, Taiwan4 Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadakami 2-6, Suita 565-0871,
Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
Broadband two-dimensional multicoloured array with more than nine periodic columns and more than ten rows was generated in a sapphire plate. The array structure was sensitive to the in-plate rotation of the sapphire plat. It is shown that each spot of the 2D arrays has a Gaussian spatial and spectral profile. 2D multicolored discrete solitons is expected to be obtained using this method. These 2D multicolored arrays could be used in various applications, for example 2-D all optical switching devices or multicolor pump-probe experiments.
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ISMOA 2009IP-14
Photonic quantum logic in waveguide circuits
Jeremy O'BrienCentre for Quantum Photonics, University of Bristol
We have developed an integrated waveguide approach to photonic quantum circuits [1]. We demonstrate high-fidelity silica-on-silicon integrated optical realizations of key quantum photonic circuits, including two-photon quantum interference with a visibility of 94.8(5)%; a controlled-NOT gate with an average logical basis fidelity of 93.3(2)%; and a path entangled state of two photons, relevant to quantum metrology, with fidelity >92%. We use these devices to demonstrate multi-photon effects relevant to quantum metrology [2], quantum information processing [3], and quantum measurement [4]. The monolithic nature of these devices means that the correct phase can be stably realized in what would otherwise be an unstable interferometer, greatly simplifying the task of implementing sophisticated photonic quantum circuits. We fabricated 100's of devices on a single wafer and find that performance across the devices is robust, repeatable and well understood. Most recently we have demonstrated controlled manipulation of up to four photons on-chip [5]. Finally we discuss how such circuits can be used for higher dimensional systems [6].
[1] A. Politi, M. J. Cryan, J. G. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. L. O'Brien, Science 320, 646 (2008)[2] T. Nagata, R. Okamoto, J. L. O. Brien, K. Sasaki, and S. Takeuchi, Science 316, 726
(2007)[3] J. L. O'Brien, Science 318, 1567 (2007)[4] R. Okamoto, J. L. O. Brien, H. F. Hofmann, T. Nagata,K. Sasaki, and S. Takeuchi,
Science 323, 483 (2009)[5] J. C. F. Matthews, A. Polit, A. Stefanov, and J. L. O'Brien Nature Photonics 3, 346 (2009)[6] A. Laing, T. Rudolph, and J. L. O'Brien, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 160502 (2009)
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ISMOA 2009IP-15
Application of Plasmonic Ag nanosheet: Characterization of Photocatalytic Activity of TiO Nanotube2
Kaoru TamadaResearch Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University,
2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
Recently we have been studying 'plasmonic Ag nanosheet" composed of 2D crystalline domains with homogeneously sized Ag nanoparticles (core diameter: 5nm) fabricated at air-water interface. The distance between the particles is controlled accurately by the thickness of the shell layers and local surface plasmons (LSP) are homogeneously coupled in this 2D crystalline sheet, which derives various unique optical properties, especially in the near-field. This Ag nanosheet is also useful for various applications. In this paper, we would show some examples.
TiO nanotube is known as a potential material for optoelectronic devices such as dye-2
sensitized solar cell by their high mobility of electrons. We investigated photocatalytic activity of TiO nanotube fabricated by anodic oxidization by use of Ag nanosheet as a maker. 2
Here we investigated indirect lateral photocatalytic reaction of TiO nanotube on the 2
substrate with a little amount of TiO nanotubes immobilized (10% surface coverage). The 2
photoreaction was monitored by the spectrum change of Ag nanosheet deposited on TiO -2
immobilized substrate. Here the fusion of Ag nanoparticles (the decrease of original plasmon band at 470 nm and the increase of broad absorption band at longer wavelength) resulting from the decomposition of myristate-capping was clearly confirmed. This lateral oxidation is unique for TiO nanotube and was not found for TiO powders (see Fig.1). The morphological 2 2
study with SEM and AFM also revealed the different lateral oxidation between TiO nanotube 2
and powder.
Figure 1 Transmission UV-vis absorption spectra of TiO nanotube (a) and powder (NDH-510C) (b) on 2
quartz substrates.
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ISMOA 2009IP-06
Spectroscopic Study of Carboxylate Bonding on Ag Nanoparticles and Its Effects on the Surface Plasmon
1 1 2 1,2Priastuti Wulandari, Kanae Michioka, Nobuko Fukuda, Kaoru Tamada , 1 1 1Ken-ichi Ishibashi, Yasuo Kimura and Michio Niwano
1Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
2AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
Size-quantized metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest because of their unique electronic, chemical and optical properties distinct from those of bulk metals [1]. Their potential applications for microelectronic devices, biosensor, catalysis and other fields have inspired recent research on their synthesis and properties [1, 2]. Metal NPs are known to exhibit absorption bands in the ultraviolet-visible range. These are due to the excitation of plasma resonances or interband transitions. In case of noble metals (Au, Ag dan Cu), the possibility of exhibiting absorption bands can reasonably be interpreted as due to plasmon resonances [3]. Most of metal NPs require surface-passivation to avoid coagulation and fusion of metal cores, since bare NPs are unstable with extremely high surface reactivity. The physical and chemical properties of NPs such as dispersibility in solvents are also known to be controllable by capping organic agents, thus different capping agents have been utilized as stabilizers depending on the polarity of dispersion solution. Carboxylate has been utilized as good stabilizer (capping molecules) for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [4, 5]. In this study, we investigate the spectroscopy of carboxylate bonding on AgNPs and its effect on surface plasmon.
Synthesis of citrates on AgNPs was carried out in water by use of Sodium Borohydrate as reductant at room temperature. On the other hand, synthesis of myristates on AgNPs was carried out at high temperature by thermolysis method and the solution was dispersed in Toluene. TEM images show that the diameters of both AgNPs are about 5 nm. Absorbance band indicating the existence of surface plasmon resonance appear for both cases of AgNPs with difference peak position. The spectra show that citrate on AgNPs is rather blue shift (l=397 nm) compare to that of myristate on AgNPs (l=427 nm) which suggested that different capping molecules give different response to the plasmon peak on the surface of
-AgNPs. The vibration mode of carboxylate asymmetric (n (COO )) from FTIR spectra for as
citrate on AgNPs and myristate on AgNPs show peak shift to lower frequencies compare to -those of the respective bulk capping materials. The peak shift of n (COO ) from myristates on as
AgNPs is found to be much larger to that of citrate on AgNPs. This difference is also observed in the SPR frequencies in the UV-Vis data which is related to the different molecular structures of the two capping materials.
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ISMOA 2009CP-15
1.a) T. Ung, M. Giersig, D. Dunstan, and P. Mulvaney, Langmuir 1997, 13, 1773. b) J. H.
Hodak, I. Martini, and G. V. Hartland, J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 6958. c) S. Link and M. A. El-Sayed, J. Phys. Chem. B. 1999, 103, 4212.
2.a) H. H. Huang, F. Q. Yan, Y.M. Kek, C. H. Chew, G. Q. Xu, W. Ji, P. S. Oh, and S. H.
Tang, Langmuir 1997, 13, 172. b) T. Vossmeyer, L. Katsikas, M. Giersig, I.G. Popovic, K. Diesner and A. Chemseddine, J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 7665.
3.J. A. Creighton, and D. G. Eadon, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1991, 87(24), 3881.
4.C.D. Keum, N. Ishii, K. Michioka, P. Wulandari, K. Tamada, M. Furusawa, and H.
Fukushima, J. Nonlinear Optical Physic and Material 2008, 17(2), 131. 5.P. Wulandari, X. Li, K. Tamada, and M. Hara, J. Nonlinear Optical Physic and Material
2008, 17(2), 185.
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ISMOA 2009CP-15
Surface phonon-polariton dispersion relation of the new giant dielectric CaCu Ti O material with unblocked non-percolating 3 4 12
conducting interface scenario for its extrinsic Lorentz oscillator-based dielectric constant model
Kamsul Abraha, Isom HilmiPhysics Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
A theoretical study of the surface phonon-polariton dispersion relations on the surface of the newly discovered giant dielectric constant (GDC) CaCu Ti O (CCTO) material has been 3 4 12
done. The direction of wave propagation is perpendicular to the easy axis without any external field. This study gives a theoretical description of the CCTO surface and bulk modes
-1in the frequency range 0-800 cm . The dispersion relation is obtained through Maxwell equations where substitution of
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ISMOA 2009CP-16
Contributed Posters
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ISMOA 2009
81
ISMOA 2009
Poster PresentationsInternational Symposium on Modern Optics and Its
Applications (ISMOA 2009)
PP-01 M. Kamil Abd-Rahman, S. Selvakennedy and H. Ahmad (Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia)“Numerical Modeling of EDFL and Brillouin Erbium Fiber Laser”
PP-02 Christian Blum, Yanina Cesa, Johanna M. van den Broek, Muhammad Danang Birowosuto, Allard P. Mosk, Willem L. Vos and Vinod Subramaniam (Biophysical Engineering Group, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands)“Photonic manipulation of the fluorescent protein emission: bright state emission rates and color control”
PP-03 Libianko Sianturi, H. P. Uranus, Herman Y. Kanalebe (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia)“Study on Accuracy of Phase Shift Method in Measuring the Group Delay of Two-Port Ring-Resonator”
PP-04 Fianti and Kamsul Abraha (Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UGM, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)“Unusual Brewster's Effect in Metamaterials”
PP-05 M.L Nietiadi, S.M Vlaming, J. Knoester, A.A Iskandar, M.O Tjia (Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)
“Optical and Localization Properties of Cylindrical Aggregates”
PP-06 Alexander A. Iskandar, L.O. Osapoetra, Aimi Abass, Husin Alatas, May On Tjia and Hugo J.W.M. Hoekstra (Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group, Institut
Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia) “Quality Factor Enhancement of Photonic Crystal Microcavities with respect to
Lattice Variations”
PP-07 Arif Hidayat (Physics Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Malang, Indonesia)“Suppression of discrete cladding mode resonances in fibre slanted Bragg grating for gain equalization”
PP-08 Nurul Shahrizan Shahabuddin, Zulfadzli Yusoff, Azin Adamiat, Hairul Azhar Abdul Rashid and Sulaiman Wadi Harun (Photonics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)“Single Wavelength PCF based BFL Using a Narrowband FBG”
PP-09 H. P. Uranus, H. J. W. M. Hoekstra, and R. Stoffer (Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia)“Design of Si N -based Integrated Optical Programmable Power Splitter”3 4
PP-10 Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin, P Susthitha Menon and Sahbudin Shaari (Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, MALAYSIA)“Design and Simulation of SOI-based Micro-Ring Resonator for CWDM applications”
PP-11 Sahrul Hidayat, Rahmat Hidayat, Fitrilawati, Ayi Bahtiar, R.E. Siregar, and Masanori Ozaki(Physics Department, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
“Fabrication of Two Dimensional Grating by Laser Interference Method and It's Lasing Characteristic”
PP-12 Paula Santi Rudati (Jurusan Teknik Elektro POLBAN, Indonesia)“The effect of cationic ring opening polymerisation on the fluorescence characteristics of Triarylamine-derivatived oxetane film”
PP-13 M. Rahmat, T. P. Negara, Irmansyah, H. Alatas(Biophysics Division, Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University)
”Design and Fabrication of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Based Optical Sensor”
PP-14 Mitrayana, T. Pierera, B.W.M. Moeskops, S. Persijn, H. Naus, F.J.M. Harren, M.A.J. Wasono, and W. Rochmah(Atomic and Nuclear Physics Lab. Physics Dept.
Gadjah Mada University Indonesia)“Laser-based wavelength modulation and photoacoustic spectrometers for NO and NO detection”2
PP-15 Nguyen Van Minh, Pham Van Doan, Doan Thi Thuy Phuong (Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan-Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam)“Raman study of lattice modes in ferrolectric perovskite Pb Ba TiO ”1-x x 3
PP-16 Nguyen Minh Thuy and Ngo Ngoc Hoa (Faculty of Physics, Ha Noi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam)
3+“The Optical Properties Of Zno, Zno:Tb Nanocrystals Prepared by Forced Hydrolysis Method”
PP-17 Doan Thi Thuy Phuong and Nguyen Van Minh (Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan-Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam)“Sol-gel synthesis and optical characterization of SrTi Co O nanoparticles”1-x x 3
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ISMOA 2009
PP-18 Doan Thi Thuy Phuong, Pham Thi Xuan Huu and Nguyen Van Minh (Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan-Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam)
“Structure and optical property of Ba Sr TiO ”1-x x 3
PP-19 Nguyen Quang Hoc, Tran Minh Thi and Nguyen Minh Vuong (Faculty of Physics, Hanoi University of Education, Vietnam
“Influence of Annealed Temperature and Ph Level on the Photoluminescence 2+Spectra and the Band Gap of Zns:Mn Nano-Powder and Thin Films”
PP-20 Kamsul Abraha, Asih Melati (Physics Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)“Attenuated total reflection spectra of giant dielectric CaCu Ti O thin films in the 3 4 12
Kretschmann-Raether configuration”
PP-21 D.P. Ngurah Made, M.R. Sahar (Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University, Indonesia)
3+“Characterizes of the Radiative and Nonradiative Transitions in Nd -Doped Near-Stochiometric LiNbO Crystal”3
PP-22 Do Thi Sam, Nguyen Minh Thuy and Tran Minh Thi (Faculty of Physics, Ha Noi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam) “Synthesis and Optical Properties of Mn- Doped Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles”
PP-23 R. Miranti, A. Caretta, A.H. Arkenbout, R. Hidayat, M.O.Tjia, T.T.M. Palstra, P.H.M. Loosdrecht(Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Indonesia)“Nature of the Structural Phase Transition in CuCl (C H CH CH NH ) ”4 6 5 2 2 3 2
PP-24 Tran Minh Thi, Bui Thi Hong Van, Pham Van Ben (Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam)
“Influence of Polymer on The Optical Properties of Mn Doped ZnS Nanocrystalline Thin Films Synthesized by Chemical Method”
PP-25 Agus Supriyanto, Kusminarto, Kuwat Triyana, Roto, M.M. Salleh, A.A. Umar(Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta)“Photosensitizer Effect of ITO/ Porphyrin/TiO /Al Structure of Heterojunction 2
Porphyrin and TiO Nanoparticle”2
PP-26 D.R. Wenas, Ellianawati, Hendro, R. Hidayat, Herman, R.E. Siregar, M.O.Tjia (Department of Physics, UNIMA, Manado)“Spectroscopic and Optical Measurement for the Study of Molecular Arrangement in Disperse Red-1 Thin Films Deposited by Electric-field-assisted PVD Method”
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ISMOA 2009
PP-27 Rahmah Mohamed (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor DE, Malaysia)“Refractive Indices and Waveguide Modes of Thin Film Natural Dione Doped Acrylate using Prism Coupler Technique”
PP-28 Norwimie Nawi,Rahmah Mohamed (Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor DE, Malaysia)
“Optical properties and indentation hardness of thin film acrylated epoxidised oil”
PP-29 Ayi Bahtiar, Fitrilawati, Annisa Aprilia (Laboratorium Fisika Material, Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kampus Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363 Jawa Barat, Indonesia)“Effect of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties and Morphology of Thin Film of P3HT-PCBM Blend*”
PP-30 Norman Syakir, Pina Pitriana, Rahmatul Hidayati, Danil Purba, Fitrilawati, Herman, Rahmat Hidayat(Department of Physics, FMIPA, Padjadjaran University,
Jl. Raya Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia)“Preparation of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Polymers doped with RGB Organic Chromophores and their Characterizations”
PP-31 Hendro, Daniel Kurnia, Mitra Djamal, Rahmat Hidayat, Masayoshi Ojima, Koji Murata, Masanori Ozaki (Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentations, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)
”Characteristics of Polymer Layer in Polymer Light Emitting Diode Investigated by SPR Spectroscopy”
84
ISMOA 2009
Contributed Posters
ABSTRACTS
Numerical Modeling of EDFL and Brillouin Erbium Fiber Laser
1 2 3M. Kamil Abd-Rahman , S. Selvakennedy and H. Ahmad1Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
2School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Australia3Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
Fiber lasers have gained great interest for applications in optical telecommunication systems as the potential compatible laser sources [1,2] with high output powers and narrow linewidths. Much work has been on investigation into the behaviour of erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFL) [3-5] and Brillouin erbium fiber lasers (BEFL) [6-8]. However the modeling activities of the EDFL [9] and the BEFL [10] are not as extensive as compared to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) [11-23] systems. Several analytical models of the EDFL have been developed for two-, three- and four-level ion-transitions that are applicable to dopants
3+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 3+such as Er , Nd , Yb , Tm and Pr [15]. In another analytical model, the optimal reflectivity and the fiber length of the EDFL [3] and optimal output parameters of a tunable EDFL could be determined [1], while one suggested an accurate and simple laser model to predict fiber laser oscillating wavelength [24]. Numerical models [9,25] for the analyses of the EDFLs have been demonstrated in which one had derived analytical equations from a proposed alternative theoretical model.
Here we present a rigorous numerical model for the analysis of a continuous wave operation of the EDFL and BEFL. The simulation is developed as an enhancement to the EDFA model by incorporating the feedback mechanism for the cyclical propagation in the cavity [9]. The results of the laser model in a steady state condition are values that are cross-checked with the experimental data. Using the numerical approach for the model allows the study of the ring laser behaviour during its transient period, which is not readily investigated by means of experimental approach. The manner in which the modes compete before lasing in the ring cavity and the process of lasing mode selection are well depicted in the model. Erbium doped fibre ring laser is modeled using the standard propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous, twolevel gain medium. The numerical simulations provide comparable results with the experimental data of the EDFL and BEFL peak power, lasing wavelength, lasing threshold and slope efficiency.
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ISMOA 2009PP-01
Photonic manipulation of the fluorescent protein emission: bright state emission rates and color control
1 1 2Christian Blum , Yanina Cesa , Johanna M. van den Broek , Muhammad Danang 2 2 2Birowosuto , Allard P. Mosk , Willem L. Vos
1and Vinod Subramaniam1 Biophysical Engineering Group, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
2 Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The
Netherlands.
The discovery, development, and use of genetically-encodable visible fluorescent proteins (VFPs) has provided revolutionary new capabilities to visualize molecular and cellular biological processes. The photophysical complexity of VFPs makes the determination of fundamental emission properties difficult using conventional methods, e.g. to determine the quantum efficiency, of which greatly differing values can be found in the literature. One reason for the great deviance in reported valus is the existance of dark states. To overcome the influence of dark states we performed experiments using a method that exclusively measures emitting states of a chromophore. We controled the local density of optical states by positioning the fluorescent protein at precisely defined distances from a metallic mirror. The distance-dependent modification of the local density of states results in a characteristic oscillation in the fluorescence decay rate that was monitored by fluorescence lifetime microscopy. From the characteristic oscillation of the emission lifetime with the distance from the mirror we determined the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of the emitting states, and by extension, a set of relevant photophysical parameters of the protein including quantum efficiency and emission oscillator strength.
For the fluorescent protein EGFP we determine the quantum efficiency to be Q = 72% , which is markedly higher than the value of Q = 60% reported before, consistent with reports that a significant fraction of green emitting proteins can reside in dark states even at very low excitation intensities.
88
ISMOA 2009PP-02
A metallic mirror in the vicinity of an emitter modulates the local
density of photonic states, resulting in a change in emission lifetime.
The method presented does not require measurements relative to a reference molecule and specifically adresses emitting states and is especially potent for complex photophysical systems like fluorescent proteins. We even envision the individual characterisation of different emitting forms coexisting in many fluorescent proteins by analyzing the respective decay components.
We further studied the emission of fluorescent proteins inside photonic crystals. We demonstrate that the apparent emission color of the fluorescent protein can be controlled externally by the photonic crystal. With increasing crystal lattice parameter, the proteins' appearance turns from orange to red, and suddenly to green . The dramatic color changes appear in sync with the theoretically expected redistribution of light emission around the stop-band of the photonic crystal.
Our experiments show the potential of combining biological systems with nanophotonics. This “biophotonic engineering” may be extended to control emission rates and complex Forster energy transfer systems obtained by protein engineering.
1. Y. Cesa et al. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2009. 11(14), p. 2525.2. C. Blum et al. 2008. 4(4): p. 492
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ISMOA 2009PP-02
Study on Accuracy of Phase Shift Method in Measuring the Group Delay of Two-Port Ring-Resonator
1, 2 1 1Libianko Sianturi , H. P. Uranus , Herman Y. Kanalebe1Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Wisma Slipi,
Jl. Let. Jend. S. Parman Kav. 12, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia.2Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas HKBP Nommensen,
Jl. Sutomo No. 4A, Medan 20235, Indonesia.
[email protected], [email protected]
The phase shift method (PSM) is an established technique for measuring the group delay of optical components. This paper reports study on the accuracy the PSM measurement on the group delay in two-port ring resonator (TPRR) circuit. The study was performed by simulating the way that PSM measurement uses to extract the value of group delay and compare the result with theoretical group delay calculated using the transfer matrix method. Our study clarifies that the accuracy of PSM depends on the value of the modulating frequency (f ) and the relative position of coupling constant (ê) with respect to the critical m
coupling point. The simulation results show that PSM will produce blunting of the group delay spectrum. Decreasing the modulating frequency will decrease the blunting effect, but on the other hand will also decrease the phase measurement accuracy. Hence, a trade-off will be required for an accurate group delay measurement. Due to its extreme spectrum sharpness, critical point will be the worst for PSM accuracy. In our work, we use device parameters: effective index of ring and straight waveguide 1.6499, the attenuation constant of ring 0.8 dB/cm, the attenuation constant of straight waveguide 0.6 dB/cm, the round trip length of ring 11916.4 µm, the wavelength of laser 1.55 µm, and the length of the TPRR 5 cm. For this case, simulation shows that measurement will produce an optimal accuracy at f of 10 MHz.m
90
ISMOA 2009PP-03
Unusual Brewster's Effect in Metamaterials
1,2 1Fianti and Kamsul Abraha1Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UGM, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281
2Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UNNES, Jl Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229
Theoretical study on the elektromagnetics of Brewster effect in metamaterials has been done. We found that electromagnetic waves have unusual propagating in it. Brewster's effect phenomenon exists not only for transverse-magnetic (TM) waves (p waves) but also for transverse-electric (TE) waves (s waves). According to this phenomenon, we need some correction for Brewster's Law if electromagnetic waves propagate in metamaterials. We also need to involve some properties of the media completely to get a correct result for analyzing Brewster's effect in this media.
91
ISMOA 2009PP-04
Optical and Localization Properties of Cylindrical Aggregates
1 2 2 1 1M.L Nietiadi , S.M Vlaming , J. Knoester , A.A Iskandar , M.O Tjia1Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Indonesia2Zernike Institute for Advanced Material, Netherlands
Dye aggregates are interesting physical systems due to their strong interaction with light and their resemblance to natural light-harvesting systems. The interactions between molecules in the aggregate lead to shared electronic excited states, known as excitons. We use a Frenkel exciton model to analyze the optical properties of two such systems; namely the bacteriochlorophyll and the synthetic C8S3 aggregates, both are characterized by cylindrical geometry, differing however in the in-plane number of ring members and the detailed configuration of the electric dipole moments. For the simple homogeneous case, it can be shown by employing a two-level model, that the cylindrical symmetry dictates strong selection rules for the optically allowed transitions to the collective electronic excited states. In a more realistic model accommodating Gaussian disorder in the energy levels, the exciton states become more localized and may only extend over parts of the cylinder. We show that this behavior indeed occurs by analyzing the spatial extent of the autocorrelation function. As a result of the localized nature of the relevant exciton states, the calculated optical oscillator strength of both systems exhibit significant disoreder-induced violations of the optical selection rules found in the ordered systems. Further, the extent of violation appears to depend on the different geometrical “stiffness” of the systems in the transversal and axial directions related to the in-plane ring members and the number of rings, respectively.
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ISMOA 2009PP-05
Quality Factor Enhancement of Photonic Crystal Microcavities with respect to Lattice Variations
1 1 1 2Alexander A. Iskandar , L.O. Osapoetra , Aimi Abass , Husin Alatas,1 3May On Tjia and Hugo J.W.M. Hoekstra
1 Institut Teknologi Bandung, Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
2 Bogor Agricultural University, Theoretical Physics Division, Jl. Raya Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
3 University of Twente, Integrated Optical Micro System Group, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Electric field distribution in and around the 2D PC cavity was calculated for different lattice parameters using the Dyson formulation of the Green tensor. The results demonstrate the sensitive effects of structural variation of the photonic crystal on the effectiveness of field confinement in the cavity. Specifically, the Local Density of Optical States (LDOS) and field exhibit increased confinement with increasing layer numbers. Further, it is also found that The LDOS as well as the Quality factor of the microcavity shows similar variations with respect to the inner-most layer shifts of the photonic crystals.
93
ISMOA 2009PP-06
Suppression of discrete cladding mode resonances in fibre slanted Bragg grating for gain equalisation
Arif HidayatPhysics Department
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesState University of Malang
In a slanted Bragg grating, coupling between the fundamental guided mode and the counter propagating cladding modes result in discrete resonances in the transmission spectrum. These resonances are a drawback when Slanted Bragg Grating are used for gain flattening of fibers amplifiers. A new method based on a chemical etching of the cladding is proposed leading to an of the resonances and a reduction of the amplitude of the modulation. This method can be applied for any value of photo induced modulation amplitude in the Slanted Bragg Grating.
94
ISMOA 2009PP-07
Single Wavelength PCF based BFL Using a Narrowband FBG
1 2 2Nurul Shahrizan Shahabuddin , Zulfadzli Yusoff , Azin Adamiat ,2 3Hairul Azhar Abdul Rashid and Sulaiman Wadi Harun
1 Photonics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 Center for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Department of Electrical, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Utilization of a very narrowband fiber Bragg grating in the development of a Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is proposed. A linear cavity BFL configuration is demonstrated using a 100 m long photonic crystal fiber , an optical circulators, a 3 dB coupler, a 95/5 coupler and a very narrowband FBG to allow high efficiency. The bandwidth of the FBG allows the suppression of the transmitted BP peak power. The BFL output ratio and the BP power determine the magnitude of the suppression. With a Brillouin pump (BP) power of 17 dBm, the laser peak power is 36 dB higher than the transmitted BP peak power at an upshifted wavelength of 0.08 nm from the BP wavelength.
95
ISMOA 2009PP-08
Design of Si N -based Integrated Optical Programmable Power 3 4
Splitter
1,2.* 3 4H. P. Uranus , H. J. W. M. Hoekstra , and R. Stoffer1Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan,
Wisma Slipi, Jl. Let. Jend. S. Parman, Kav. 12, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia2Undergraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan,
UPH Tower, Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia.3Integrated Optical MicroSystems (IOMS) Group,
+MESA Institute for Nanotechnology,University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
4Phoenix BV, Hengelosestraat 705, 7521 PA, Enschede, The Netherlands
Controllable splitting of optical power with a large splitting ratio range is often required in an integrated optical chip, e.g. for the readout of phase shift in a slow-light sensor. In this work, we report the design of an integrated optical programmable power splitter consisting of a Y-junction with programmable phase shifter cascaded to a directional coupler. We used a vectorial mode solver, and a combination of a transfer matrix method and a 3-D vectorial coupled-mode theory (CMT) to compute the power transfer ratio of a realistic device structure made of Si N , TEOS, and SiO with cross-section as shown in the inset of the figure, 3 4 2
and used the results to design a programmable power splitter with more than 20 dB power ratio range. In the simulations, waveguide attenuation values derived from measured attenuation of prefabricated test wafer, has been taken into account. Vectorial modal fields of mode of individual waveguide computed by a mode solver were used as the basis for the CMT computation. In the simulation, a wavelength around 632.8 nm was used. For simplification, the sine-bend parts of the coupler were replaced by circular bend in the simulation. Our simulations reveal that maximum power splitting ratio can be achieved when the directional coupler is operated as a 3-dB coupler with the phase shifter set to produce a 90° phase shift. The required coupler length for such desired operating condition is highly dependent on the gap size. On the other hand, the inclusion of the waveguide loss and the non-parallel section of the directional coupler into the model only affect the results weakly.
96
ISMOA 2009PP-09
Design and Simulation of SOI-based Micro-Ring Resonator for CWDM applications
Dilla Duryha Berhanuddin, P Susthitha Menon and Sahbudin ShaariInstitute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor
MALAYSIA.
Micro ring resonators are ideal channel-dropping filters for coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) applications at 1550 nm optical wavelength. Fabrication of this photonic device on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates for application in optical communication systems has generated interest recently as SOI materials have high index contrast which contribute to strong electromagnetic confinement and integration density of optics. They are also cost effective as the absolute cost and fabrication methodology of silicon and SOI wafers are much cheaper compared to other exotic materials such as the III-V compounds or lithium niobate (LiNbO3). This paper reports the design and simulation of a SOI-based micro ring resonator, coupled to submicron-width waveguides for CWDM application. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) solutions of the full-wave Maxwell's equation was used to characterize the key optical design parameters such as the free spectral range (FSR), finesse and Q-factor and to further optimize the performance of the resonator.
ISMOA 2009PP-10
97
Fabrication of Two Dimensional Grating by Laser Interference Method and It's Lasing Characteristic
1 2 1 1 1Sahrul Hidayat , Rahmat Hidayat , Fitrilawati , Ayi Bahtiar , R.E. Siregar , and 3Masanori Ozaki
1 Physics Department, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia2 Physics of Magnetic and Photonic Research Division,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi BandungJl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
3 Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-Oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Two dimensional gratings have been fabricated by laser interference method on hybrid polymer films doped with DCM. The gel precursor of hybrid polymer was synthesized by sol-gel route using Trimethoxysilyl-propyl-methacrylate (TMSPMA). The film was exposed by laser interference of Nd-YAG laser yield square lattice of 2D-grating with periodicities 391 nm and 405 nm. The characteristic of lasing was investigated using strip-line excitation light of SHG Nd-YAG laser ( = 532 nm). The lasing wavelengths are observed at (588 nm 2) and (606 nm 2 nm) for grating periodicity of 391 nm and 405 nm, respectively. The spectral width
2(FWHM) of lasing is about 2 nm at pumping power 6 mJ/pulse.cm .
98
ISMOA 2009PP-11
The effect of cationic ring opening polymerisation on the fluorescence characteristics of Triarylamine-derivatived oxetane film
Paula Santi RudatiJurusan Teknik Elektro POLBAN, Indonesia
The quenching effect on the hole conductor layer based on crosslinked triarylamine derivatived oxetane films has been investigated. This quenching effect reduces the fluorescence characteristics of the films. Three kinds of crosslinking mechanism were studied in this work. They are the (1) oxidative crosslinking, (2) photo crosslinking, and (3) trityl crosslinking. The results of photoluminescence measurements show that the (1) oxidative crosslinking gives rise to the highest quenching effect in the film. The (2) photo crosslinking shows a lower quenching effect than the quenching effect in an oxidative crosslinked film. The (3) trityl crosslinking does not show the quenching effect in the crosslinked film. It is found that this quenching effect is caused dominantly by the presence of cationic radical species in films and can be used to indicate the relative amount of cationic radical in films. Therefore, in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) application, the presence of this cationic radical will reduce the efficiency of devices.
ISMOA 2009PP-12
99
Design and Fabrication of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Based Optical Sensor
1 2 3 2M. Rahmat , T. P. Negara , Irmansyah , H. Alatas1 Biophysics Division, Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University
2 Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University3 Applied Physics Division, Department of Physics, Bogor Agricultural University
Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
A previous theoretical study of a finite one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of 12 unit cells with two defects had shown the existence of Photonic Pass Band (PPB) inside the Stop Band, which was suggested as a useful refractive index sensor due to the sensitive variation of PPB with respect to the change of refractive index of either defect layer material. We report in this presentation our successful fabrication of a prototype of this system by means of electron
-3beam evaporation equipment in a sample chamber at a pressure of 10 Pa with BK-7 glass substrate at 573 K. Each of the photonic cells is composed of a high index layer of OS-5 with refractive index of n = 2.10, and an equal thickness layer of low index MgF with n = 1.38. In 2
the first defect cell, the high index layer has twice the thickness of the other layers with the low index layer left unchanged, while in the second defect cell separated by 4 unit cells, the first layer is void to be filled with the sample solution. The device was used for measuring in the real time mode, the refractive index of sugar solution with concentration range of 20-100 g/L. The result was found to achieve determination coefficient of more than 90%. Further measurement performed has demonstrated a result in good agreement with theoretical prediction reported previously.
100
ISMOA 2009PP-13
Laser-based wavelength modulation and photoacoustic spectrometers for NO and NO detection2
1 2 2 2 2Mitrayana , T. Pierera , B.W.M. Moeskops , S. Persijn , H. Naus ,2 1 3F.J.M. Harren , M.A.J. Wasono , and W. Rochmah
1 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Lab. Physics Dept. Gadjah Mada University Indonesia2 Molecular and Laser Physics Dept. Radboud University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands
3 Medical Faculty of Gadjah Mada University Indonesia
We have developed two kinds of laser based spectrometers, i.e., quantum cascade laser based wavelength modulation spectrometer (WMS) and violet diode laser based photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS). Wavelength modulation techniques are characterized by a modulation frequency that is much smaller than the half-width of the absorption peak. The modulation of the intensity that follows as a consequence of the modulation of the frequency through the injection current can, in turn, for most practical purpose be considered to be linear with respect to the injection current. Most of the harmonic that is used in the wavelength modulation technique is the second harmonic. The photoacoustic spectroscopy is based on conversion of laser energy to acoustic phenomena in the sample medium. When a gas molecule absorbs a photon, it goes from its ground state to an exited state. The molecule can then lose this energy and return to the ground state via molecular de-excitation. From the gas law it is clear that in the enclosed volume of the photoacoustic cell, the modulation of the gas temperature resulted in a periodic pressure fluctuation with a modulation frequency equal to the optical modulation frequency. This pressure fluctuation is, of course, a sound wave and as such it is readily detectable with a microphone. In this paper, we present the performance of two kind of laser based wavelength modulation and photoacoustic spectrometer systems.
The performance of the Quantum Cascade and violet diode laser-driven for wavelength modulation and photoacoustic system, respectively, was explored and the sensors were applied to monitor the NO and NO in the urban air. That's set-up have a 2
detection limit 20 ppbv at STP for NO and 0.8 ppbv for NO. Figure (1), show the values of 2 thNO and NO concentration from urban air around 3:00 PM June 15 , 2006 measured by the 2
wavelength modulation and photoacoustic system, respectively.
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ISMOA 2009PP-14
Figure 1 Concentration of NO and NO2th from urban air around 3:00 PM June 15 , 2006
Raman study of lattice modes in ferrolectric perovskite Pb Ba TiO 1-x x 3
1 1 1,2Nguyen Van Minh , Pham Van Doan , Doan Thi Thuy Phuong1Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136
Xuan-Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam2University of Transport and Communications, Lang Thuong, Dongda, Hanoi
We use Raman spectroscopy to study the lattice dynamical behavior of ferroelectric perovskite Pb Ba TiO . The dependence of structure, Raman spectroscopy and absorption 1-x x 3
spectra of Pb Ba TiO on the content of Ba were investigated.1-x x 3
The structure of Pb Ba TiO becomes multiphase when x > 0.20 (Fig. 1). This result 1-x x 3
is in agreement with Raman analysis (Fig. 2).
Fig.1 XRD patterns of Pb Ba TiO Fig.2 Raman spectra of Pb Ba TiO vs. Ba content1-x x 3 1-x x 3
The Raman scattering spectrum of the PbTiO nanowires with a 514.5 nm incident 3
wavelength recorded at room temperature was shown in Fig. 2. As can be seen three - 1characteristic major bands were centered at around 163, 216 and 281cm , which were
assigned to the lattice vibration mode A1(1TO), E(2TO), E+B , respectively. In our case, the 1
frequencies of three vibration modes were lower (redshift) than that observed in the published data It is found that impurities or defects in semiconductors affect the Raman linewidth, and .
the FWHM value is inversely proportional to the phonon lifetime. From this data we also investigate the lifetime of phonons in the Pb Ba TiO Absorption edge shifts to lower 1-x x 3.
wavelength (higher energy) as a signal of the change in band gap.
102
ISMOA 2009PP-15
3+The Optical Properties of ZnO, ZnO:Tb Nanocrystals Prepared byForced Hydrolysis Method
Nguyen Minh Thuy and Ngo Ngoc Hoa Faculty of Physics, Ha Noi National University of Education
136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
[email protected]; [email protected]
3+ In this study we have prepared Tb doped ZnO nanocrystals by forced hydrolysis method. It 3+is known that the Tb ions in the ZnO lattice have the role of photoluminescence centre. We
analyzed the conditions of preparation aiming to reduce the crystalline size, and thereby improve the luminescence quality of the materials.
X-ray diffraction patterns XRD and SEM images of the prepared samples show that 3+ZnO and ZnO:Tb samples belong to zinc oxide hexagonal wurzite structure and the size of
particles is about 15 nm. The peaks (101) and (110) of XRDare systematically shifted with Tb concentration increasing, which indicated a Tb incorporation into ZnO lattice. The crystalline size of the samples was calculated from the Scherrer formula. The average crystalline size of the samples is about 12 nm. Figure 2 shows the SEM image of ZnO:5 %Tb (a) and 7.5 %Tb (b). One can see that the particle size is approximately 10 - 20 nm.
Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the sample ZnO:5%Tb with excitation 3+wavelength of 325 nm is given in Figure 2. The emission peaks originated from Tb 4f – 4f
transition appears at 434, 490, 543, 587 and 620nm on the background of a broad band. The emission spectra of ZnO:Tb samples under the excitation of 488 nm (Fig.3) show the characteristic emission peaks at 543, 585 and 620nm corresponding to the transition(j= 5, 4 and 3 respectively). Since the PL spectra also show a broadband emission, it is
3+suggested that some excited carrie s on Tb centers relax to surface states. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of samples with 2.5, 5 and 7.5%Tb were detected using 544 nm line and presented in Fig. 4. The peak at 488 nm represents absorption
3+ transitions in 4f energy levels of Tb . It is known that electric dipole (ED) transition between 4f states in the free RE ions are parity forbidden; whereas the ED transitions are partially allowed with weak intensity while RE ions occupy lattice or interstitial sites in the condensed matter such as ZnO, which has large absorption transition probabilities due to direct band gap.
r
Figure 1. SEM images of ZnO:Tb with the molar ratio of Tb to Zn: 5% (a) and 7.5%(b)
a b
jFD 74
5 ®
( )67
45 FD ®
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ISMOA 2009PP-16
Therefore, most excited carriers trapped at Tb centers come from band-gap absorption in ZnO 3+matrix and a small part results from 4f-4f absorption transitions in Tb ions. The
3+photoluminescence excitation spectrum shows that the green emission of ion Tb has the highest intensity at excitation wavelength of 488 nm. With the excitation wavelength of 488
3+nm, the photoluminescence emission spectra of ZnO : Tb has the characteristic emission 3+peaks at 543 nm, 584 nm and 619 nm originating from the intraionic transitions of Tb (from
5 7D to the basic state F with j = 4, 5, 6).4 j
The optical absorption spectra of ZnO:Tb samples show that the value of band gap of the samples ZnO:Tb increased with increasing Tb content. The spectra show clear features at 488 nm, what related to Tb incorporation.
Figure 2. PL spectrum of the sample ZnO:5%Tb
with excitation wavelength of 325nm
Figure3. PL of the ZnO:Tb samples with
different Tb% under488nm
Figure 4. PLE of sample with 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% Tb
detected at 544 nm
104
ISMOA 2009PP-16
Sol-gel synthesis and optical characterization of SrTi Co O 1-x x 3
nanoparticles
1,2 1Doan Thi Thuy Phuong and Nguyen Van Minh1Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136
Xuan-Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam2University of Transport and Communications, Lang Thuong, Dongda, Hanoi
Nanopowders of SrTi Co O (x = 0.00–0.30) were prepared by sol- gel method. Sr(NO ) , 1-x x 3 3 2
Co(NO ) .6H O, TiC H O , H O ethylene glycol, acid citric and distiled water are employed 3 2 2 12 28 4 2 2,
as the starting cation sources. This solution mixture is thoroughly mixed using a stirrer. The polymerization is then promoted by the addition of acid citric and ethylene glycol in the ratio
o o3:2. This solution is heated at 200 C until become gel. The product was heated at 250 C for 2 ohrs. This powder is heated again at 600 C for 5 hrs. After that, the powder was pressed into
ocylindrical pellets and finally sinterred at 900 C for 9 hrs. X-ray diffraction patterns show the samples show single phase when x < 0.20 and
multiphase when x > 0.20 (Fig. 1). The particle of all samples seem to be very homogeneous and its size is about 20 nm (Fig. 2).
Fig.1 XRD patterns of SrTi Co O samples. Fig. 2 SEM image of the SrTi Co O powder. For 1-x x 3 1-x x 3
clarify, we show only one image.
Absorption spectra show the change in band gap edge. This suggests the Co doped content has effect on the optical properties of samples. By this way, we can annealed samples at lower temperature than that of traditional solid state method.The Raman scattering analysis suggests the dissolvable limit of Co in the SrTiO . The result of the study suggest not only a 3
new route in preparing sample but also investigating the role of Co and its effect on the electrical, optical and multiferroic of SrTiO system.3
105
ISMOA 2009PP-17
Structure and optical property of Ba Sr TiO1-x x 3
1,2 1Doan Thi Thuy Phuong Pham Thi Xuan Huu and Nguyen Van Minh1Center for Nano Science and Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136
Xuan-Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam2University of Transport and Communications, Lang Thuong, Dongda, Hanoi
Ferroelectric materials are of interest for a variety of technologies including tunable microwave applications. In particular, Ba Sr TiO (BST) is frequently researched due to its 1- x x 3
high dielectric constant and tunability dependence of the dielectric constant on an applied electric field. A number of theoretical and experimental studies have examined the relationship between structure, optical property and the dielectric behavior of this material.In this presentation we present the preparation, structure and optical property of Ba Sr TiO 1- x x 3
(x = 0.00 – 0.40). The single phase appears in case of x < 0.20 and multiphase for x > 0.30. This can be seen in the Fig.1. The shift in Raman is as a signal to determine the disorder and impurity in the sample (Fig.2). The absorption edge vs. Sr content indicates the change in band gap of samples. The effect of the Sr content on structure and optical property of BST are investigated.
Fig.1 XRD patterns of Ba Sr TiO Fig. 2 Raman spectra of Ba Sr TiO1- x x 1- x x 33
106
ISMOA 2009PP-18
Influence of Annealed Temperature and Ph Level on the 2+Photoluminescence Spectra and the Band Gap of ZnS:Mn Nano-
Powder and Thin Films
1 1 2Nguyen Quang Hoc , Tran Minh Thi and Nguyen Minh Vuong1 Faculty of Physics, Hanoi University of Education, Vietnam
2 Laboratory Center, Quynhon University, Vietnam
2+ Our report presents the production of ZnS:Mn 9% nano-powder sample and ZnS:Mn 9% 0 0 0thin film sample with different pH at the annealed temperatures of 80 C, 200 C, 300 C and
0400 C. From the X-ray spectra, it is possible to calculate the average grain size about 2,5 nm to 5 nm. These results are in agreement with that of TEM. The photoluminescence spectra of samples are measured using the laser source with the wavelength of 325nm. The results shown that the annealed temperature effected the photoluminescence spectra of samples. The
2+ oanalytical results shown that the ZnS:Mn samples at the annealed temperature of 80 C have 2+the best photoluminescence spectra. The band gap of ZnS:Mn 9% thin film decreases the
annealed temperature increases. We also give the explanation of these properties.
107
ISMOA 2009PP-19
Attenuated total reflection spectra of giant dielectric CaCu Ti O thin 3 4 12
films in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration
Kamsul Abraha, Asih MelatiPhysics Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
A theoretical study of the attenuated reflection (ATR) spectra on the surface of the giant dielectric constant CaCu Ti O thin films has been done. This study gives an ATR-based 3 4 12
theoretical description of the surface and bulk modes in the far-infrared spectral region in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration where the material thin films are directly deposited on the Si prism base. The spectra confirm the existence of the surface phonon-polaritons that can only propagate in TM (Transverse Magnetic) modes and they are resiprocal in the sense that the change of wave vector direction does not change the frequency, whereas there is no surface modes that propagate in TE (Transverse Electric) modes, but only the bulk polaritons have been found.
108
ISMOA 2009PP-20
3+Characterizes of the Radiative and Nonradiative Transitions in Nd -Doped Near-Stochiometric LiNbO Crystal3
1 2D.P. Ngurah Made , M.R. Sahar1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State
University, Indonesia2 Advanced Optical Material Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, Skudai, Johor DT 81310, Malaysia
3+This paper reports on the results of spectroscopic analysis of the transition of Nd -doped near-stochiometric LiNbO (SLN). The line strengths of several transitions (f-f transitions) 3
from the ground state to excited state manifolds are analyzed from the measured polarized absorption spectra in 300-1000 nm range using Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. The
4 4dominant transition occurs in the F I channel with the quantum efficiency = 74%. 3/2 11/2
From the semi-logarithmic decay curve of Nd:SLN, its have been identified multiphonon 4 3+relaxation rate of F channel and energy transfer between the neodymium ions (Nd ) which 3/2
-1 -1had small values, 1382 s and 948 s , respectively.
109
ISMOA 2009PP-21
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Mn- Doped Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles
Do Thi Sam, Nguyen Minh Thuy and Tran Minh ThiFaculty of Physics, Ha Noi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay,
Ha Noi, Vietnam
In this work, ZnS:Mn nanoparticles were synthesized by wet chemical technique at room temperature. The samples were prepared in the pH range of 3,5 ÷ 5,5. The samples were chracterized by X- ray difraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), absoption and photoluminenscence (PL)
The average particle size were confirmed, using XRD and TEM observation to be about 3÷4 nm. The direct band gap energy of ZnS:Mn for all samples with doping concentration from 5 to 10 at.% is found to be about 4,2 eV. The samples strongly luminescenced.
110
ISMOA 2009PP-22
Nature of the Structural Phase Transition in CuCl (C H CH CH NH )4 6 5 2 2 3 2
1,2 2 2 1 1R. Miranti , A. Caretta , A.H. Arkenbout , R. Hidayat , M.O.Tjia ,2 2T.T.M. Palstra , P.H.M. Loosdrecht
1Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia2Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Netherlands
Hybrid materials combine the attractive physical properties inorganic materials with the versatility of organic materials. One interesting example is CuCl (C H CH CH NH ) 4 6 5 2 2 3 2
(Tetrachloro-bis-(phenyl ethyl ammonium) Cupper (II), PEA-CuCl with inorganic and 4
organic moieties arranged into an infinite two dimensional crystal network [1]. The inorganic component (CuCl corner sharing octahedral) forms 2D perovskite like layers. The organic 4
molecules are a cationic amine-complexes and order perpendicularly to the inorganic layers. The connection between inorganic-organic molecules is provided by both Coulomb interactions and hydrogen bonds between the amine head and the chloride corners. This
+ 9material is a ferromagnetic insulator with Jahn-Teller active Cu 2 d ions which are responsable for a cooperative distortion of the octahedra along the in-plane direction. X-ray diffraction measurements have indicated orientational disorder of the organic molecules at room temperature which freezes out at low temperatures. In order to study the nature of this structural instability we performed a temperature dependend polarized Raman study in a backscattering geometry.
Structural phase transitions may be classified into two kinds: “displacive” and “order-disorder” transitions. Theoretical studies of coupled double-well potentials have shown that the type of phase transition depends on the strength of the harmonic coupling. Roughly speaking, if the coupling constant is larger than the barrier height the phase transition is displacive, whereas if coupling is weaker it is of the order-disorder type [2]. Here, we report on the observation of a structural phase transition in PEA-CuCl has as observed in 4
our temperature dependent Raman study, in which we in particular focus on the behavior of the low energy librational raman active modes.
111
ISMOA 2009PP-23
Influence of Polymer on The Optical Properties of Mn Doped ZnS Nanocrystalline Thin Films Synthesized by Chemical Method
1 2 2Tran Minh Thi , Bui Thi Hong Van , Pham Van Ben1 Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam, 136 Xuan Thuy Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
2 College of Science, VNU, 334 Nguyen Trai road, Vietnam
In this paper, we present the optical properties of polymer-capped Mn doped ZnS nanocrystalline thin films synthesized by chemical and spin-coating methods. The PVA did not affect the microstructure of ZnS nanomaterials. The particles with nanosize within the polymer matrix are confirmed by TEM image. The effect of polyvinynalcohol (PVA) content on the direct band gap of Mn doped ZnS thin films is calculated from data of absorption measurement. The values of direct band gap are belong to the range of 3.73 eV and 3.9 eV. In addition, we also have investigated the photoluminescence and the time-resolved-luminescence spectra of these films and explained their luminescence mechanism. The obtained results allow us to explain their optical properties by quantum confinement effect of ZnS nanoparticles in the polymer PVA matrix.
112
ISMOA 2009PP-24
Photosensitizer Effect of ITO/ Porphyrin/TiO /Al Structure of 2
Heterojunction Porphyrin and TiO Nanoparticle2
1,2 2 2 3 Agus Supriyanto , Kusminarto , Kuwat Triyana , Roto ,4 4M.M. Salleh , A.A. Umar
1 Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta2 Department of Physics, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
3 Department of Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta4 Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor.
Structure devices of ITO/Porphyrin/TiO /Alumunium has been fabricated and its 2-2performance has been tested in dark and under illumination various from 10 to 100 mWcm
light. Four samples of Porphyrin have been used in the device, namely 1, 3, 5 and 7 layers coating. The first, TiO films were deposited onto ITO-covered glass substrate by controlled 2
hydrolysis technique assisted with spin coating technique. Then Porphyrin film were deposited on TiO using spin coating technique. Porphyrin has been isolated spirulina 2
microalgae. The films were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer to investigate the optical absorption. The maximum absorption of the film is at 660 nm which is in the red region. An alumunium electrode was prepared on chlorophyll films by electron beam evaporation technique. The device shows the rectification property in dark and shows the photosensitizer effect under illumination. The device with 3 layers coats Porphyrin film
-2shows the highest J of 1.14 ìAcm , V of 648 mV. sc oc
ISMOA 2009PP-25
113
Spectroscopic and Optical Measurements for the Study of Molecular Arrangement in Disperse Red-1 Thin Films Deposited by Electric
Field Assisted PVD Method
1 2 2 2 2 3 2D.R. Wenas , Ellianawati , Hendro , R. Hidayat , Herman , R.E. Siregar , M.O.Tjia1 Department of Physics, UNIMA, Manado
2 Physics of Magnetic and Photonic Research Group division, FMIPA, ITB, Bandung3 Department of Physics, Padjadjaran University, Bandung
Disperse Red 1 (DR1) films have been prepared by Electric field-assisted Physical Vapour Deposition (E-PVD) method at various external electric field strengths on the ITO substrate. The resulted films were characterized and analyzed by using UV-Vis and X-ray diffraction and SPR spectroscopy. The XRD data show growing diffracting peak with increasing field corresponding to increasing number of molecules deposited with the head-to-tail stacking along the molecular chain. Further, the result of spectroscopic measurement indicates electric field induced enhancement of aggregation effect of the molecules in parallel polar arrangements, which is complemented by intensity reduction of absorption by the residual molecules left lying on the substrate in anti-parallel polar arrangement. Finally, the reflectometric data show a rising trend of the optical refractive index of the films produced with increasing electric field. This result is consistent with the frequency of SPR measured by ATR method.
114
ISMOA 2009PP-26
Refractive Indices and Waveguide Modes of Thin Film Natural Dione Doped Acrylate using Prism Coupler Technique
Rahmah MohamedFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor DE, Malaysia
Acrylate doped polymer had been used for various photonic applications as waveguide, electrooptic modulators, sensors etc. In this study, natural dione chromophore had been used as dopant for cyclomer acrylate in the formation of dye doped waveguide with nonlinear characteristic. Planar Thin films of doped acrylate fabricated by spin coating technique onto glass substrate undergone uv curing before postbaking and characterised by prism coupler technique. Optical properties such as refractive index and thickness of the thin films were analysed with two different laser wavelength of 633nm and 1550nm for undoped and doped systems. Optical parameters and waveguide mode characteristics obtained showed that refractive index were affected by the presence of dopant and variation in measured temperature. Doped thin film acrylate excited with 633nm He Ne Laser exhibited higher number of waveguide modes compared to use of 1550nm laser source. Refractive index, waveguide modes and thickness of film had been calculated at two directions TE and TM mode using laser wavelength of 1550nm. Refractive indices differences showed small birefringence effect and multimode waveguide having more than one modes were obtained from all films investigated.
115
ISMOA 2009PP-27
Optical Properties and Indentation Hardness of Thin Film Acrylated Epoxidised Oil
Norwimie Nawi,Rahmah MohamedFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor DE, Malaysia
Epoxy acrylate had been used widely for optical resin with specific uses such as for cladding,core in waveguide and other photonic devices.In this study,sustainable resin from edible oil was used as alternative to epoxy acrylate.Structural features and transmission of planar thin film resin from FTIR and UV VIS spectrometer had been investigated upon UV exposure.It was found that high transmission still persists for all samples with and without UV absorber for exposed and unexposed samples .Film was found to absorb strongly below 400nm.Change of cutoff wavelength were observed upon exposure. Thin film hardness, its dynamic indentation at load-unload mode with different test force were evaluated. Vickers hardness, indentation modulus and elastic modulus were determined for unacrylated epoxidised oil and acrylated epoxy. It was found that the epoxy triacrylate have higher values of Vickers hardness and elastic modulus than unacrylated thin film. Vickers hardness and elastic modulus, Eit were found to increase as the test force applied is increased. Photosensitive epoxy acrylate having high transparency from visible to near infra red wavelength were used in this study. Its properties such as refractive index, thickness and modes present are characterized from a spin coated planar thin film. Refractive index at transverse electric mode (TE) and magnetic mode (TM) were determined and compared for unacrylated and acrylated epoxidised oil.
116
ISMOA 2009PP-28
Effect of Thermal Annealing on Optical Properties and Morphology of Thin Film of P3HT-PCBM Blend
Ayi Bahtiar, Fitrilawati, Annisa ApriliaLaboratorium Fisika Material, Jurusan Fisika
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kampus Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363 Jawa Barat, Indonesia
We studied thermal annealing effect of active layer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester blends (PCBM) on optical properties, surface morphology, and performance of solar cells. The Uv-Vis spectra show that thermal annealing leads to increase of degree of polymer ordering. The annealing process is also shown to enhance the photoluminesence intensity, indicating reduction of interface area between the P3HT and PCBM as confirmed by the measurement of surface morphology of thin film of P3HT-PCBM blend.
117
ISMOA 2009PP-29
Preparation of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Polymers doped with RGB Organic Chromophores and their Characterizations
1 1 1 1 1Norman Syakir , Pina Pitriana , Rahmatul Hidayati , Danil Purba , Fitrilawati , 2 2Herman , Rahmat Hidayat
1 Department of Physics, FMIPA, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
2 Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Reseach Group, FMIPA, ITB, Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
We synthesized hybrid organic-inorganic polymer exhibiting emission properties of RGB organic chromophores. The hybrid organic-inorganic polymer was prepared from an organically modified siloxane monomer using sol-gel technique. RGB organic chromophores such as Nile red (Red), Coumarine 6 (Green) and Coumarine 1 (Blue) that exhibit strong luminescence properties were incorporated as doped materials. The effect of some synthesis parameters on the gel is shown to enhance the luminescence efficiency. The characterization results, using FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis absorption and luminescence spectroscopy will be presented.
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ISMOA 2009PP-30
Characteristics of Polymer Layer in Polymer Light Emitting Diode Investigated by SPR Spectroscopy
1 2 1 2Hendro , Daniel Kurnia , Mitra Djamal , Rahmat Hidayat ,3 3 3Masayoshi Ojima , Koji Murata , Masanori Ozaki
1 Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentations, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
2 Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
3 Division of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has been much employed for investigating very thin molecular layer and a very small amount of molecules adsorbed at a functionalized dielectric layer. In this work, we employed SPR spectroscopy to investigate the characteristics of conjugated (semiconductor) polymer layer at the interface polymer/electrode inside a polymer light emitting diode (p-LED) structure. The investigated p-LED has a multilayer structure of Al/MEH-PPV/Ag, where the silver (Ag) layer has been made to be very thin of about 50 nm in order to allow Plasmon generation. The thickness of polymer layer is about 100 nm. Under the excitation of He-Ne laser, the SPR dip was observed in the reflectance spectrum at the incident angle at 20 - 85, depending on the incident angle. The SPR dip appears at the angle that is corresponding to SPR at Ag/air interface. However, the experimental results show that the SPR spectra are slightly influenced by MEH-PPV layer as the substrate of the metal layer. We suggest that the SPR wave also spread into the substrate layer. SPR spectra were then taken when voltage bias was applied to the p-LED, the change of SPR spectra were observed depending on the bias voltage. This SPR spectra change is suggested from the change of electronic spectra originated from the formation of excited state by electric injection at the polymer layer close to the metal layer. Moreover, by correlating with the I-V curve, we suggest that unusual I-V current pattern, which is commonly associated with the accumulation of impurity at the electrode interface, is not originated from Ag/polymer layer, but from ITO/polymer layer. As the lifetime of semiconductor organic/polymer devices, including photovoltaic (solar) and photo-electrochemical cells, has been becoming an important issue nowadays, this experimental result also show the possibility of SPR technique for investigating the polymer characteristics and its degradation.
Acknowledgments: One of the authors, Hendro, would like to acknowledge the support from DIKTI through the short research visit program for graduate students in 2008. This work is also partially supported by Riset Unggulan ITB 2009 and Riset KK ITB 2009.
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Miscellaneous Informations
ISMOA 2009
PhysicsBuilding
West Auditorium
Zone A1. Sasana Budaya Ganesa2. Mandala Siliwangi Stadion3. Swimming Pool
Zone B4. Student Regiment5. Building III (Mathematics Dept., Astronomy Dept., Center for Applied Mathematics)6. Industrial Engineering Dept.7,8. Mechanical Engineering Labs.9. Mechanical Engineering Dept., Aerospace Engineering Dept.10. Botanical Garden11. Radio and Microwave Telecommunication Lab.12. West Lecture Building13. Energy Conversion Lab.
Zone C14. Multipurpose Building15. Center for Microelectronics16. North Gate17. Sunken Court18. Main Library, ITB Press
Language Labs.)
Zone D19. Building X (Chemical Engineering Dept., Material Engineering Dept.20. Building XI (School of Life Sciences and Engineering Biology Dept., Geophysics Dept., Meteorology Dept., Oceanography Dept.)21. Octagon Lecture Building22. TVST Lecture Building23. Basic Physics Lab.24. High Electrical Power Lab.25. Building I (Soil Mechanics Lab.)26. Civil Engineering Structure Lab.
Zone E27. T.P. Rachmat Building (Engineering Physics Dept., Ocean Engineering Dept.)28. Benny Subianto Building (Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Informatics Dept.)29. Yusuf Panigoro Building (School of Pharmacy)30. Achmad Bakrie Building
Zone F31. Water Resource Center32. LAPI33. Building IV (Geology Dept., Mining Dept.)34. Rector’s Official House35. Canteen36. Petroleum Engineering Dept.37. Basic Science B Building (Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Geophysics Engineering Dept.)38,39. Chemistry Dept.40. Canteen41. Hydrology Lab.42. East Lecture Building43. Geodesy Dept.44. Transportation System Dept.
Zone G45. Textile Art Dept.46. Student Union47.48. Environmental Engineering Dept. 49. Building IXA (Planology Dept.)50. East Campus Center51. Visitors Center52,55. Art and Design Dept.53. Canteen54. Building IXB (Architecture Dept.)56. Soemardja Art Gallery57. Lecture Theater58. East Auditorium59. Campus Security60. Faculty of Arts and Design
Zone H61. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning62. Visitor’s Information63. West Auditorium64. Civil Engineering Dept.65. Basketball and Volleyball Courts66. West Campus Center67. Physics Dept.68. Electronics and Instrumentation Lab.69. Resources Bureau70. Acoustic Lab.71. Basic Science Center A Building
Zone I72. Technology Research Center73. ITB Cooperative74. Tourism Research Center75. Technology Management Dept.76. Health Center
U
MAP of ITB
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ISMOA 2009
125
ISMOA 2009List of Participants
No Name Institution Country 1 ABASS Aimi Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 2 ABD-RAHMAN* M. Kamil Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia
3 ABRAHA* Kamsul University of Gadjah Mada Indonesia 4 AHMAD* Harith University of Malaya Malaysia
5 ALATAS* Husin Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia
6 APRILLIA Anissa Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
7 ASAKAWA* Kiyoshi National Institute for Material Science (NIMS) Japan
8 BAHTIAR* Ayi Padjadjaran University Indonesia
9 BIROWOSUTO* M. D. University of Twente the Netherland
10 BUBECK* Christoph Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz
Germany
11 CAHYADI Harsono Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 12 CHIANG* Kin S. City University Hongkong
13 DUPARRE* Jacques Frauhofer Institute Germany
14 FAHDIRAN Riser Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 15 FIANTI* University of Gadjah Mada Indonesia 16 FITRILAWATI
Padjadjaran University Indonesia
17 GOMULYA Widianta Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
18 HARDHIENATA Hendradi Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia 19 HENDRO* Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 20 HERMAN
Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
21 HIDAYAT* Arif State University of Malang Indonesia
22 HIDAYAT* Rahmat Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
23 HIDAYAT* Sahrul Padjadjaran University Indonesia 24 HIDAYATI Rahmatul Padjadjaran University Indonesia 25 HOEKSTRA* Hugo J. W. M. University of Twente the Netherlands
26 IMANSYAH Ryan Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 27 ISHIHARA* Teruya Tohoku University Japan 28 ISKANDAR* Alexander Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
29 JAHJA* Mohd Max Planck Institute, Mainz, Germany Germany
30 JOLY* Nicolas University of Erlangen-Nurnberg Germany 31 JOUD* Fadwa Laboratoire Kastler Brossel France
32 KANDIAH* Kumarajah University Kebangsaaan Malaysia Malaysia
33 KARNADI Indra Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 34 KAUNANG John Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 35 KHOO* Iam Choon Pennsylvania State University USA
36 KIVSHAR* Yuri Australian National University Australia
37 KNOESTER* Jasper Rijksunivesiteit Groningen the Netherlands
38 KOBAYASHI* Takayoshi University of Electro-Communication Japan
39 KURNIA Daniel Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 40 KUSUMA Danang C.A. Institut Teknologi Telkom Indonesia 41 LEE* Yong Hee Korea Advanced Institute for Science and
Technology Korea
42 LINGGARSARI* Maureen Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 43 MADE* D.P. Ngurah State University of Semarang Indonesia
44 MELATI* Asih University of Gadjah Mada Indonesia
45 MENON* Susthitha Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malaysia
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ISMOA 2009List of Participants
No Name Institution Country 46 MINH THUY* Nguyen Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam
47 MIRANTI* Rani Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
48 MITRAYANA* University of Gadjah Mada Indonesia 49 MOHAMED* Rahmah Univ Technology MARA Malaysia
50 NAGASSA S.S.D. Radius Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
51 NAWI* Norwimie Univ Technology MARA Malaysia
52 NEGARA Teguh Puja Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia 53 NUGROHO Agung Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 54 NUGROHO Bintoro Siswo Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 55 O'BRIEN* Jeremy University of Bristol UK
56 PARDEDE Marincan Pelita Harapan University Indonesia 57 PHAM* So Van University of Twente the Netherlands 58 PITRIANA Pina Padjadjaran University Indonesia 59 PRAMUDITA Putu Eka Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 60 PRIASTUTI* Wulandari Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
61 QUANG HOC* Nguyen Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam 62 RAHMAT Mamat Bogor Agricultural University Indonesia 63 RUDATI* Paula S. Politeknik Bandung Indonesia
64 RUSLI Aloysius Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 65 SAFRIANI* Lusi Padjadjaran University Indonesia
66 SAHAR* Md Rahim Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia
67 SAM* Do Thi Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam 68 SANJAYA Irfan Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 69 SHAHABUDDIN* N. S. University of Malaya Malaysia
70 SIANTURI* Libianko Pelita Harapan University Indonesia
71 SIREGAR Rustam E. Padjadjaran University Indonesia 72 SOEHIANIE Agoes Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 73 SOPAHELUWAKAN Ardhasena
Indonesia
74 SUBAKTI
Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 75 SUBALI Ellianawati Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
76 SUPRIYANTO* Agus Universitas Sebelas Maret Indonesia
77 SUTJAHJA Inge Magdalena Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 78 SYAKIR* Norman Padjadjaran University Indonesia
79 TAMADA* Kaoru Tohoku University Japan
80 THI* Tran Minh Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam
81 THUNG Edward Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 82 THUY PHUONG* Doan Thi University of Transport and Communications Vietnam
83 TJIA May On Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia 84 URANUS* Henri P. Pelita Harapan University Indonesia
85 VAN MINH* Nguyen Hanoi National University of Education Vietnam 86 WADI HARUN* Sulaiman University of Malaya Malaysia
87 WENAS* Donny Roy State University of Menado Indonesia
88 WIBOWO Satria Institut Teknologi Telkom Indonesia 89 WIDIPUTRA Stephanus K.A. Institut Teknologi Telkom Indonesia 90 YONAN Wilzuard Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
91 YOON* Choon Sup Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology
Korea
92 ZHELUDEV* Nicolay University of Southampton UK
127
ISMOA 2009
Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Department of Physics
Padjadjaran University
The Optical Society of America
International Centre for Theoretical Physics
Ikatan Alumni Institut Teknologi Bandung
Ocean Optics
PT. VANADIA UTAMA
