program and abstracts final 9th cprw progra… · oral‐pb06 field pea anther culture ‐ the...
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Program and Abstracts
November 6 – November 9, 2012
Niagara Falls, Ontario
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9th Canadian Pulse Research Workshop
Sponsorship List
Platinum
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers
Gold
Alberta Pulse Growers Association
Silver
Alliance Grain Traders
BASF Canada
Dupont
Hensall District Co‐operative
Monsanto
Ontario Coloured Bean Growers Association
Ontario White Bean Producers
Bronze
ADM Seedwest
Manitoba Pulse Growers
Thompsons
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9th Canadian Pulse Research Workshop 2012 Meeting
Niagara Falls, Ontario
Table of Contents Cover Page ......................................................................................................... i Sponsors ............................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents ............................................................................................... iii Organizing and Scientific Advisory Committee Members .................................. iv Program ............................................................................................................. 1 List of Posters ..................................................................................................... 9 Abstracts: Short Talks.................................................................................................... 16 Posters ......................................................................................................... 32 Participant List ................................................................................................... 58
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9th Canadian Pulse Research Workshop 2012 Meeting
Niagara Falls, Ontario
Scientific Advisory Committee Members: Rong Cao Chris Gillard Frédéric Marsolais Alireza Navabi K. Peter Pauls Tom Warkentin Organizing Committee Members: Andrew Burt Chris Gillard Alireza Navabi Tom Smith Special thanks to: Saskatchewan Pulse Growers for sponsoring the banquet; Alliance Grain Trade for sponsoring the wine and cheese social; Alberta Pulse Growers, White Bean Producers of Ontario, and Ontario Coloured Bean Growers for providing funding for travel awards and student poster and oral presentation awards
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9th Canadian Pulse Research Workshop 2012 Meeting
Niagara Falls, Ontario PROGRAM
Tuesday November 6
12:00
Registration desk open
13:00 17:00 Networking Niagara Winery Tour departs from Marriott Lobby
18:00 21:00 Wine and Cheese Social Sponsored by Alliance Grain Traders
20:00 Registration Desk closed… will open again 7:00 AM on the 7th
Wednesday November 7
07:00 08:00 Breakfast (Provided)
Opening Session (Chair: Tom Warkentin)
08:00 08:45 Opening Keynote: Dr. Bert Vandenberg ‐‐ Pulse Research in Canada – Where Are We Heading?
08:45 09:30 Keynote: Mr. Murad Al‐Katib ‐‐ Global Opportunities for Food and Ingredients in Emerging Markets
09:30 10:00 Refreshment Break
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Wednesday November 7 (cont’d)
Panel: Pulses: Nutritional value and human health ( Session 1: Chair Susan Tosh)
10:00 10:45 Keynote: Dr. Harvey Anderson ‐‐ Pulses: Opportunities to Enhance Nutrition, Functionality and Applications in the Diet of Canadians
10:45 11:00 Oral‐FN01 IDENTIFYING HEALTH PROMOTING BIOACTIVES OF COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) ‐‐ Rong Tsao ([email protected])
11:00 11:15 Oral‐FN02 THE SHORT‐TERM HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH PULSE FLOURS ‐‐ Yudan Liu ([email protected])
11:15 11:30 Oral‐FN03 COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH FRACTIONS OF COOKED LENTIL PRODUCTS: EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON PREDICTED GLYCEMIC INDEX ‐‐ Dan D. Ramdath ([email protected])
11:30 11:45
Oral‐FN04 THE ROLE OF A PULSE‐BASED DIET AND AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AND RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME ‐‐ Gordon A. Zello ([email protected])
11:45 12:00 Oral‐FN05 THE EFFECTS OF A LENTIL‐BASED SPORTS NUTRITION BAR ON ENDURANCE CYCLING PERFORMANCE ‐‐ Mojtaba Kaviani ([email protected])
12:00 13:00 Lunch (Provided)
Panel: Pulses: Nutritional value and human health ( Session 2: Chair Person Susan Arntfield)
13:00 13:15 Oral‐FN06 COMMON BEANS INDUCED BOTH BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSE EFFECTS ON COLITIS SYMPTOMS IN MICE ‐‐ Krista A. Power ([email protected])
13:15 13:30 Oral‐FN07 IRON BIOFORTIFICATION OF LENTILS: USING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS TO DEVELOP LENTIL VARIETIES WITH INCREASED IRON BIOAVAILABILITY ‐‐ Diane M. DellaValle ([email protected])
13:30 13:45 Oral‐FN08 IRON BIOAVAILABILITY IN LOW PHYTATE PEA ‐‐ Xiaofei Liu ([email protected])
13:45 14:00 Oral‐FN09 PROPERTIES OF EDIBLE BEAN FLOURS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FOOD PROCESSING ‐‐ Courtney Simons ([email protected])
14:00 14:15 Oral‐FN10 MODEL STUDIES OF BINDING OF CARBONYL FLAVORS ON PEA PROTEINS ‐‐ Kun Wang ([email protected])
14:15 14:30 Panel Discussion moderated by chair (Susan Arntfield)
14:30 15:00 Refreshment Break, poster viewing
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Wednesday November 7 (cont’d)
Panel: Pulses and Environment (Session 1: Chair Parthiba Balasubramanian)
15:00 15:45 Keynote: Dr. Jeff Schoenau ‐‐ The Important Contribution of Pulse Crops to Soil and Environmental Quality: A Western Canadian Perspective
15:45 16:00 Oral‐PE01 BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS IN MYCORRHIZAL AND NON‐MYCORRHIZAL ROOTS OF CHICKPEA. ‐‐ Chantal Hamel ([email protected])
16:00 16:15
Oral‐PE02 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF SEED‐TREATED FUNGICIDES ON ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT IN PEA AND CHICKPEA ROOTS DIFFER WITH ACTION MODES OF FUNGICIDE AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL SPECIES ‐‐ Hongyan Jin ([email protected])
16:15 16:30 Oral‐PE03 PULSE CROP RESIDUES RELEASE NITROGEN WHEN IT IS NEEDED. ‐‐ Newton Lupwayi ([email protected])
16:30 16:45 Oral‐PE04 INVESTIGATING HEAT TOLERANT TRAITS IN THE PEA ASSOCIATION MAPPING PANEL ‐‐ Rosalind Bueckert ([email protected])
16:45 17:00 Panel Discussion moderated by Chair (Parthiba Balasubramanian)
17:00 17:15
17:15 18:00 CPRW Business meeting (Chair: Sabine Banniza)
18:00 20:00 Supper (on your own)
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Thursday November 8
07:00 08:00 Breakfast (Provided)
Panel: Genetics and Genomics (Session 1: Chair Andrew Sharp)
08:00 08:45 Keynote Dr. K. P. Pauls ‐‐ Post Bean‐Genome Genetics and Breeding
08:45 09:00 Oral‐GG01 GENOTYPING‐BY‐SEQUENCING FOR HIGH DENSITY GENETIC MAP DEVELOPMENT AND ANCHORING GENOMIC SCAFFOLDS IN CHICKPEA. ‐‐ Larissa D.Ramsay (larissa.ramsay@nrc‐cnrc.gc.ca)
09:00 09:15 Oral‐GG02 COMPARATIVE MAPPING FOR CANDIDATE GENE IDENTIFICATION IN PULSES. ‐‐ Kirstin E. Bett ([email protected])
09:15 09:30 Oral‐GG03 SNP DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION IN CHICKPEA, LENTIL, PEA, AND COMMON BEAN BREEDING ‐‐ Bunyamin Tar’an ([email protected])
09:30 09:45
Oral‐GG04 EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDE (RFO) BIOSYNTHETIC GENES IN DEVELOPING LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.) SEEDS ‐‐ Udhaya Kannan ([email protected])
09:45 10:00 Oral‐GG05 CHARACTERIZATION OF DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4‐REDUCTASE (DFR) GENE PARALOGS IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) ‐‐ Mahbuba Siddiqua ([email protected])
10:00 10:30 Refreshment Break, Poster viewing.
Panel: Genetics and Genomics (Session 2: Chair Kirstin Bett)
10:30 10:45 Oral‐GG06 SNP VARIATION WITHIN CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND PROTEIN DEPOSITION IN PEA ‐‐ Ambuj Jha ([email protected])
10:45 11:00 Oral‐GG07 CHARACTERIZATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COMMON BEAN AND ISOLATES OF COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT PATHOGENS. ‐‐ Weilong Xie ([email protected])
11:00 11:15 Oral‐GG08 IDENTIFYING SNP MARKERS LINKED TO SELENIUM, ZINC AND IRON CONCENTRATION IN PEA AND CHICKPEA USING ASSOCIATION MAPPING ‐‐ Marwan ([email protected])
11:15 11:30 Oral‐GG09 QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI ANLYSIS OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION IN COMMON BEAN. ‐‐ Mehdi Farid ([email protected])
11:30 11:45 Oral‐GG10 DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMMON BEAN ANDEAN DIVERSITY PANEL ‐‐ Timothy Porch ([email protected])
11:45 12:00 Panel Discussion moderated by Chair (Kirstin Bett)
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Thursday November 8 (cont’d)
12:00 13:00 Lunch (Provided)
Panel: Pulse Breeding (Session 1: Chair Bunyamin Tar'an)
13:00 13:15 Oral‐PB01 BREEDING FOR WHITE MOLD DISEASE AVOIDANCE IN COMMON BEAN ‐‐ Phillip N. Miklas ([email protected])
13:15 13:30 Oral‐PB02 DEVELOPMENT OF DRY BEAN CULTIVARS WITH RESISTANCE TO WHITE MOULD. ‐‐ Parthiba M. Balasubramanian ([email protected])
13:30 13:45 Oral‐PB03 STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF CONTROLLING ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT IN CHICKPEA BY GENETIC RESISTANCE ‐‐ Lone Buchwaldt ([email protected])
13:45 14:00 Oral‐PB04 FLOWERING RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES TO TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD. ‐‐ Ketema D. Abdi ([email protected])
14:00 14:15 Oral‐PB05 TOOLS R US ‐ LENTIL IMPROVEMENT THROUGH INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES USING NEW EMBRYO RESCUE TOOLS ‐‐ Shyamali Saha ([email protected])
14:15 14:30 Oral‐PB06 FIELD PEA ANTHER CULTURE ‐ THE STRESS IS KILLING ME ‐‐ Susan M.H. Slater ([email protected])
14:30 14:45
Oral‐PB07 BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF A LINEAR MIXED MODEL TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE YIELD OF COMMON BEAN FOR THE YEAR 2030 WORLDWIDE. ‐‐ Damaris S. Santana‐Morant ([email protected])
14:45 15:00 Panel Discussion moderated by Chair (Buyamin Tar'an)
15:00 17:00 Poster Session (Refreshment provided).
Posters attended by presenters (odd‐numbered poster 3:00 to 4:00; even‐numbered poster 4:00 to 5:00)
17:00 18:00 Free time
18:00 20:00 Banquet and award ceremony
Dinner at 18:30 Sponsor: Saskatchewan Pulse Growers
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Friday November 9
07:00 08:00 Breakfast (Breakfast Provided)
Panel: Pulses in Cropping Systems: Agronomy and Management (Session 1: Chair Chris Gillard)
08:00 08:45 Keynote Dr. P. Miller ‐‐ Pulses are the new backbone of wheat country – what next?
08:45 09:00 Oral‐PA01 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PEAS AND FABA BEANS IN THE UK ‐‐ Anthony J. Biddle ([email protected])
09:00 09:15 Oral‐PA02 BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF BRUCHUS RUFIMANUS (BEAN SEED BEETLE) ‐‐ Rebecca Ward ([email protected])
09:15 09:30 Oral‐PA03 INSENSITIVITY TO PYRACLOSTROBIN FUNGICIDE IN MYCOSPHAERELLA PINODES ON THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS. ‐‐ Robyne Bowness ([email protected])
09:30 09:45 Oral‐PA04 RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA TO IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES ‐‐ Laura M. Jefferies ([email protected].)
09:45 10:15 Refreshment Break
Panel: Pulses in Cropping Systems: Agronomy and Management (Session 2: Chair Lone Buchwaldt)
10:15 10:30 Oral‐PA05 THE POTENTIAL FOR GROUP 15 HERBICIDES IN MANAGING HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS IN PULSES. ‐‐ Eric N. Johnson ([email protected]).
10:30 10:45 Oral‐PA06 FUSARIUM SPECIES FROM DRY BEAN AND PEA FIELDS IN MANITOBA ‐‐ Maria Antonia Henriquez ([email protected])
10:45 11:00 Oral‐PA07 DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OF THE STEM AND BULB NEMATODE ON GRAIN PEA AND CANADA THISTLE IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES ‐‐ Mario Tenuta ([email protected])
11:00 11:15 Oral‐PA08 DRY PEA, LENTIL, AND CHICKPEA VARIETY EVALUATION ON THE PALOUSE ‐ 19 YEARS OF PULSE CROP EXTENSION ‐‐ Stephen Guy ([email protected])
11:15 11:30 Panel Discussion moderated by Chair (Lone Buchwaldt)
11:30 11:35 Best Student Presentation Award
11:35 12:00 Concluding Remarks (Bert Vandenberg)
12:00 13:00 Lunch (on your own)
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Posters
Pulses: Food, Nutrition, and Human Health
P01 Yuming Chen EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON THE ANTI‐NUTRITIONAL FACTORS
P02 Lindsay Bourré INFLUENCE OF MILLING METHOD ON THE PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF YELLOW PEA FLOUR USED IN COOKIES
P03 Heather Maskus EFFECT OF MILLING METHOD ON PROPERTIES OF YELLOW PEA FLOUR INCORPORATED INTO TORTILLAS AND THEIR EFFECT ON END PRODUCT QUALITY
P04 Subhani Pathiratne EFFECT OF MICRONIZATION CONDITIONS ON LENTIL FLOUR PROPERTIES. <[email protected]>
P05 Shiva Shariati‐Ievari EFFECT OF MICRONIZATION ON VOLATILE COMPOUNDS RESPONSIBLE FOR BEANY FLAVOR IN CHICKPEA AND LENTIL FLOURS
P06 Praiya Unatrakarn EFFECT OF TEMPERING AND MICRONIZATION TEMPERATURE ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF KABULI‐TYPE CHICKPEA FLOUR.
P07 Peter Frohlich EFFECT OF FIBRE ENRICHMENT LEVEL AND FIBRE PARTICLE SIZE ON THE EXTRUSION PROPERTIES OF SPLIT YELLOW PEA FLOUR.
P08 Mojtaba Kaviani THE EFFECTS OF A LENTIL‐BASED SPORTS NUTRITION BAR ON PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS <[email protected]>
P09 Subhani Pathiratne ENHANCING STABILITY OF RED COLOUR AND UNSATURATED LIPIDS OF FRESH BEEF BURGERS WITH MICRONIZED LENTIL FLOUR.
P10 Gina Boux USE OF PULSE INGREDIENTS TO DEVELOP HEALTHIER BAKED PRODUCTS. <[email protected]>
P11 Susan Tosh DIETARY FIBRES FROM PULSE FLOURS AND FRACTIONS: CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS. <[email protected]>
P12 Ning Wang CHARACTERISTICS OF STARCH NOODLES FROM DIFFERENT PEA AND LENTIL VARIETIES PREPARED BY HIGH TEMPERATURE EXTRUSION.
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P13 Karen Cichy COOKING TIME AND OLIGOSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF ANDEAN BEAN GERMPLASM. <[email protected]>
P14 Raja Khanal EFFECT OF CULTIVAR AND ENVIRONMENT ON PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL AND COOKING CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON BEANS.
P15 Thava Vasanthan THE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS OF WINTER PULSES GROWN IN ALBERTA, CANADA UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO‐ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR THREE YEARS.
Pulse Breeding
P16 Anfu Hou GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF PROTEIN QUALITY IN EDIBLE BEANS WITH ADAPTATION TO MANITOBA. <[email protected]>
P17 Tom Smith NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY OF A DIVERSE COLLECTION OF DRY BEAN GENOTYPES SELECTED FROM DIFFERENT MARKET CLASSES IN ONTARIO.
P18 Rosalind Bueckert INVESTIGATING HEAT TOLERANT PEA TRAITS IN CULTIVARS ADAPTED TO WESTERN CANADA <[email protected]>
P19 Predrag Rajsic ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF BREEDING STRATEGIES FOR COMMON BEANS <[email protected]>
P20 Abebe Tullu LENS TOMENTOSUS BELONGS TO THE LENS CULINARIS ─ LENS ORIENTALIS GROUP IN LENTIL.
P21 Dengjin Bing MUNGBEAN CAN BE AN ALTERNATIVE PULSE CROP IN WESTERN CANADA. < [email protected]>
P22 Alireza Navabi PERFORMANCE OF MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATE) INTRODUCTION LINES IN SOUTH‐WESTERN ONTARIO. <[email protected]>
P23 Monika Luelsdorf FAST, RELIABLE, AND CHEAP: CAN RAPID GENERATION TECHNOLOGY DELIVER IT ALL? <[email protected]>
P24 Saeid H.Mobini ACCELERATED IN VITRO FLOWERING IN PULSES BY PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
P25 Boris Henriquez TRIALING GENETICS IN BROAD AGRO‐CLIMATIC ZONES IN ALBERTA. <[email protected]>
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P26 Andrew Burt INVESTIGATING GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT (GxE) INTERACTIONS IN COMMON BEAN IN ONTARIO. <[email protected]>
P27 Chengci Chen ADAPTABILITY AND YIELD STABILITY OF PEA AND LENTIL VARIETIES ACROSS MONTANA <[email protected]>
P28 Elaine Bodah INVESTIGATING GENETIC MECHANISMS OF PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM ROOT ROT ON PISUM SATIVUM L. FOR BREEDING AND CULTIVAR IMPROVEMENT.
P29 Yong Liu CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOSPHAERELLA BLIGHT RESISTANCE, LODGING RESISTANCE, AND MICRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN A FIELD PEA RECOMBINANT INBRED LINE POPULATION
P30 Jeffrey Boersma PYRAMIDING RESISTANCE TO COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT, ANTHRACNOSE AND BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS IN DRY BEAN.
P31 Jeffrey Boersma MOLECULAR MARKER‐ASSISTED DISSECTION OF ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE IN THE COMMON DRY BEAN CULTIVAR, ‘MORDEN003’.
P32 Lone Buchwaldt SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO COLLETOTRICHUM TRUNCATUM IN LENTIL OBTAINED BY CYCLES OF SINGLE PLANT SELECTION IN DIVERSE GERMPLASM
P33 Vladimir Pajic DEVELOPING SULFENTRAZONE AND FLUTHIACET‐METHYL TOLERANCE IN LENTIL. <[email protected]>
Genetics & Genomics
P34 Denise Cooper COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) VARIETY OAC REX <[email protected]>
P35 Esteban Diaz‐Castro MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN BLACK COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
P36 Sheau‐Fang Hwang IDENTIFICATION OF GENES FROM THE PEA‐DOWNY MILDEW PATHOSYSTEM. <Sheau‐[email protected]>
P37 Kevin McPhee GENETIC RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM IN PEA <[email protected]>
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P38 Gregory Perry COMPARING RESISTANCE QTLs FOR BACTERIAL BLIGHT BETWEEN AN ANDEAN AND MESOAMERICAN VARIETY OF P. VULGARIS
P39 Maryam Vazin INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACE 73 OF ANTHRACNOSE IN THE NAVY BEAN LINE ACUG 10‐1. <[email protected]>
P40 Xiaolu Zou GENOME‐WIDE SNP DISCOVERY AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING OF CBB RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN <[email protected]>
P41 Neha Verma DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL MARKERS AND THE INTRA‐SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPT MAP OF CHICKPEA. <[email protected]>
P42 Bizuayehu Tesfaye A SNP‐BASED MAP OF THE TEPARY BEAN GENOME.
P43 BaiLing Zhang BREEDER‐FRIENDLY SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) MARKERS FOR COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L).
P44 Courtney Thompson IS AHAS THE ONLY GENE CONTROLLING IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDE TOLERANCE? A CASE STUDY IN CHICKPEA. <[email protected]>
P45 Amit Deokar MAPPING AND CANDIDATE GENE ANALYSIS FOR FLOWERING RESPONSE IN CHICKPEA. <[email protected]>
P46 Frédéric Marsolais GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF STORAGE PROTEIN DEFICIENT LINES OF COMMON BEAN. <[email protected]>
P47 Peter Chen THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON DARKENING OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.): CHANGES IN POLYPHENOLIC PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY
P48 Christopher Martin FOLATE BIOSYNTHESIS GENES IN COMMON BEAN.
P49 Yarmilla Reinprecht ASSOCIATION MAPPING OF SEED PHENOLICS IN DRY BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.). <[email protected]>
P50 Arun Shunmugam MAPPING OF QTL FOR PHYTATE CONCENTRATION IN PEA RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES <[email protected]>
P51 Tina Thomas UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC BASIS FOR CAROTENOIDS IN LENTIL <[email protected]>
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Pulses & Environment
P52 Chao Yang ISOLATION OF H2‐OXIDIZING BACTERIA FROM LENTIL FIELD.
P53 Diane Knight THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN LEGUME NODULES ON NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS. <[email protected]>
P54 Diane Knight TEMPORAL DYNAMIC OF NITROGEN RHIZODEPOSITION IN FIELD PEA. <[email protected]>
P55 Newton Lupwayi BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION AND nifH GENE EXPRESSION IN DRY BEANS. <[email protected]>
P56 Anisha Biswaray THE IMPACT OF MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS ON THE SUCCESS OF TRIPARTITE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PULSE CROPS, RHIZOBIA, AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI
P57 Wondwosen Tena RHIZOBIA INDIGENOUS TO ETHIOPIA EXCEL IN PROMOTING SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM l.) AND LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIC.)
P58 M. Reza Ardakani THE ROLE OF TRIPARTITE SYMBIOSIS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI , RHIZOBIA AND RED BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) ON YIELD, NUTRIENT ACQUISITION AND BIOFORTIFICATION OF GRAINS.
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Pulses in Cropping Systems
P59 Walelign Worku THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING AT DIFFERENT PHASES ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND NODULATION OF DESI AND KABULI CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM).
P60 Boris Henriquez EFFECT OF WINTER SOIL AND AIR TEMPERATURE, CULTIVAR, SEEDING DATE AND SEEDING RATE ON THE SURVIVAL AND YIELD OF WINTER PEA IN DIFFERENT AGRO‐CLIMATIC ZONES OF SOUTH AND CENTRAL ALBERTA.
P61 Cara McCreary DO CARBON FERTILIZERS INCREASE DRY BEAN YIELDS?
P62 Bizuayehu Tesfaye RESPONSE OF SNAP BEAN GENOTYPES TO NITROGEN AVAILABILITY UNDER DIFFERENT AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES OF ETHIOPIA
P63 Mulan Dai MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF AM FUNGAL COMMUNITY AND BACTERIA IN ROTATION SYSTEMS WITH ANNUAL PULSES <[email protected]>
P64 Sabine Banniza EFFECT OF ASCOCHYTA PISI ON PEA
P65 Kan‐Fa Chang PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MYCOSPHAERELLA BLIGHT COMPLEX OF FIELD PEA IN ALBERTA.
P66 Syama Chatterton IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND HALO BLIGHT RACES PRESENT IN DRY BEAN FIELDS IN WESTERN CANADA
P67 Robert Conner EFFECTIVENESS OF TOLERANCE TO APHANOMYCES ROOT ROT FOR REDUCING YIELD LOSSES IN FIELD PEA. <[email protected]>
P68 Chris Gillard DO DRY BEAN MARKET CLASSES RESPOND DIFFERENTLY TO SCN? <[email protected]>
P69 Erin LeClair FROM COMMON MATERIALS TO YOUR PLANTS: THE SPREAD OF ANTHRACNOSE (COLLETOTRICHUM LINDEMUTHIANUM) IN DRY BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. )
P70 Debra McLaren MANAGEMENT OF SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM, CAUSAL AGENT OF WHITE MOULD OF BEAN, BY CONIOTHYRIUM MINITANS: DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPRESSIVENESS.
P71 Allison Friesen THERMOTHERAPY TO CONTROL SEED‐BORNE DISEASE IN DRY BEAN. <[email protected]>
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P72 Dan Wilson THE CONTROL AND REDUCTION OF OCHRATOXIN IN DRY EDIBLE BEANS BY CLEANING AND PROCESSING. <[email protected]>
P73 Lindsey Goudis INSECTICIDE EFFICACY AND TIMING STUDIES FOR THE CONTROL OF WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM IN DRY BEANS. <[email protected]>
P74 Tom Welacky IMPACT OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODES ON PULSE CROPS IN CANADA <[email protected]>
P75 Breanne Laturnus EFFICACY OF FALL AND SPRING APPLICATIONS OF PYROXASULFONE. <[email protected]>
P76 Ken Sapsford GROUP 2 (ALS) RESISTANT CLEAVERS (GALIUM APARINE / GALIUM SPURIUM) CONTROL IN FIELD PEAS (PISUMSp.) <[email protected]>
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Short Talk Abstracts
Pulses: Food, Nutrition, and Human Health
FN01 IDENTIFYING HEALTH PROMOTHING BIOACTIVES OF COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) Tsao, R*. Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 5C9 *Presenter ([email protected]) Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a pulse crop grown and consumed widely throughout the world. In addition to being a major source of macronutrients such as protein and carbohydrates, it also contains micronutrients that are essential to human. In recent years, minor compositions of common beans, primarily secondary metabolites, have been the focus of many researchers and health‐conscious consumers, due to their potential health benefits. Different from other pulse crops, common beans come with a large variability in colour and size, two important quality characteristics. Genetics is also the most important factor affecting the composition of secondary phytochemicals and other components with potential health benefits. Other factors also affect these food bioactives. This presentation will be an overview on the identification and characterization of health related bioactives of common beans, including polyphenols, saponins, lectins, phytic acid and dietary fibres, and how they are affected by the various genetic and environmental factors, and postharvest storage and food processing conditions. Implications of such effects on human health will also be discussed.
FN02 THE SHORT‐TERM HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH PULSE FLOURS Liu,Y.*1, Smith, C.E.1, Magnuson, B. A.1, Luhovyy, B.L.2 and Anderson, G.H.1 1.Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2. 2Present address: Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, B3M 2J6, Canada *Presenter (Yudan Liu: [email protected]) Commercially processed pulse flours can be incorporated into a diverse range of foods and potentially increase pulse consumption. However, unlike whole pulses, the short term health benefits of pulse flours are unknown. Therefore, three experiments have been conducted. In experiment 1, navy bean flour reduced blood glucose at 30 min and suppressed subjective appetite compared to whole wheat flour. In experiment 2, lentil flour suppressed glycaemic response compared to whole wheat flour. In experiment 3, chickpea flour suppressed glycaemic response compared to whole wheat flour. Therefore, navy bean flour, lentil flour and chickpea flour maintain their low glycaemic and satiating properties, regardless of processing. Pulse flours can be used as value‐added food ingredients to moderate glycaemic response and increase satiety.
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FN03 COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF STARCH FRACTIONS OF COOKED LENTIL PRODUCTS: EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON PREDICTED GLYCEMIC INDEX Ramdath, DD*, E Donner, A Hawke, E Padhi, Q Liu. Guelph Food Research Centre. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada. 93 Stone Rd West. Guelph. ON. *Presenter ([email protected]) In human trials it was found that varying the method for processing green lentils resulted in large differences in their glycemic index (GI). We assessed the in vitro digestibility of cooked spray dried lentil powder (DLP), roasted lentil powder (RLP), fresh whole cooked lentils (WCL), freshly cooked lentil puree (CLP) and 30d frozen lentil puree (FLP). Cooked instant potato flakes (IPF) serve as control. IPF had the highest content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and the lowest slowly digestible (SDS) and resistant starch (RS). DLP had a higher RDS content and a lower SDS content than RLP. After storing CLP for 30 days at ‐20°C, RDS content was reduced. Further, SDS content increased moderately, and RS content increased to the level found in CLP. A positive correlation (r2=0.63) was found between RDS and in vivo area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) and GI. A negative correlation (r2=0.68) was found between SDS and AUC, and SDS and GI.
FN04 THE ROLE OF A PULSE‐BASED DIET AND AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AND RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME Zello, G.A*1, P.D. Chilibeck 2, J. Rooke 2, K. Ramachandran 1, S. Serrao 3, and D. Chizen 3. 1.College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 2. College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 3. College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter: ([email protected]) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder which increases the risk of infertility, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Fifteen PCOS women were randomly assigned to a 16‐week intervention of a pulse‐based diet and exercise (n=6) or a heart healthy (control) diet and exercise (n=9). Both groups (n=15) significantly decreased body weight (‐3.7%), fat mass (‐8.1%), trunk fat (‐8.5%) and percent body fat (‐1.7%). The pulse group had decreases of 0.23 mmol/L in total cholesterol and 0.17 mmol in LDL compared to control group changes of ‐0.16 and +0.07 mmol/L. A clinically significance decrease of LDL of this amount can decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease by 5‐9%. (Supported by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and Agriculture Agri‐Food Canada ‐ Cluster Program)
FN05 THE EFFECTS OF A LENTIL‐BASED SPORTS NUTRITION BAR ON ENDURANCE CYCLING PERFORMANCE Kaviani, M*1, J. Jochim1, J. Rooke1, R. Graham1, G.A. Zello2, and P.D. Chilibeck1, Colleges of 1. Kinesiology and 2. Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2. * Presenter ([email protected]) We compared pre‐ and post‐exercise feeding of a low glycemic index (GI) lentil‐based sports bar; a moderate‐GI sports bar; and placebo on performance during endurance cycling. Endurance athletes (n=11) consumed 1.5 g/kg available carbohydrate from each bar condition or consumed placebo before, and after 75 min cycling, followed by a 7km time trial. The next morning they did the same time trial, as a measure of recovery. Time trial performance was improved after consumption of the lentil and moderate‐GI bar versus placebo (p<0.05). Blood lactate was lower late in exercise during the lentil condition (p<0.05), indicating improved metabolism. Only the lentil bar improved next‐day performance (p<0.05). (Supported by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and Agriculture Agri‐Food Canada ‐ Cluster Program)
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FN06 COMMON BEANS INDUCE BOTH BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSE EFFECTS ON COLITIS SYMPTOMS IN MICE. Zhang, C., J. Lu, L. Zarepoor, R. Tsao, and K.A. Power*. Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada; Guelph, Ontario, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by remitting and relapsing colonic inflammation. Common beans contain soluble fiber and phenolic compounds, both with anti‐inflammatory properties. This study determined the therapeutic/preventative effects of beans on colitis in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were fed basal diet (BD) or BD + 20% cooked navy or black bean flour (study 1); or 20% cooked white or dark kidney bean flour (study 2) for 21 days. For colitis prevention (study 2), mice fed bean diets were switched to BD one day prior to colitis induction. In both studies, colitis was induced by adding 2% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. In study 1, navy and black beans induced both beneficial and adverse effects on biomarkers of inflammation. In study 2, kidney beans reduced disease symptoms. Overall, this study demonstrates that bean diets both aggravate and attenuate colitis symptoms, depending on the timing of consumption.
FN07 IRON BIOFORTIFICATION OF LENTILS: USING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS TO DEVELOP LENTIL VARIEITES WITH INCREASED IRON BIOAVAILABILITY. DellaValle DM*, E Tako, RP Glahn. USDA‐ARS/ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14882 *Presenter (Diane M. DellaValle; [email protected])
Iron (Fe) deficiency is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency worldwide. Biofortification of staple foods, such as lentil (Lens culinaris L.), may be an effective solution. Our established bioassay in vitro digestion/ Caco‐2 cell model is a high‐throughput screening that is integral to the measurement of Fe bioavailability during the development of improved crop lines. In combination with the in vitroscreening, we have demonstrated that a poultry feeding trial (Gallus gallus) is useful to confirm in vitro observations. Applying our approach to lentils, we have found a range of Fe concentration and bioavailability in several commercially‐available lines, indicating biofortification potential. We have also observed an effect of harvest location on factors affecting Fe bioavailability, as well as shown dehulling to improve Fe bioavailability. Taken together, these studies will show the nutritional advantage of the lentil over other staple crops, and will further distinguish Canadian pulse growers in the competitive marketplace.
FN08 IRON BIOAVAILABILITY IN LOW PHYTATE PEA Liu, X.*1, R. Glahn2, H. Classen3, K. Bett1 and T.D. Warkentin1. 1.Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan 2 USDA‐ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. 3 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, *Presenter ([email protected])
Phytate is the main storage form of phosphorus in the seeds of most crops. Phytate is not well digested by monogastrics and it chelates iron, zinc and some other micronutrients. To increase the nutritional value of pea seeds, two low phytate lines (1‐150‐81 and 1‐2347‐144) were developed from CDC Bronco in previous research. In this study, an in vitro digestion/Caco‐2 cell culture bioassay was used to simulate the iron absorption of peas in humans, as the cell line originated from human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The iron bioavailability of the two low‐phytate lines was 1.4 to 1.9 times higher than that of three normal phytate varieties, while having the same total iron concentration.
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FN09 PROPERTIES OF EDIBLE BEAN FLOURS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FOOD PROCESSING Simons, C.W. *1, C. Hal1 and M. Tulbek2 . 1. Department of Cereal and Food Sciences, North Dakota State University. 2. Northern Crops Institute, Fargo, North Dakota. *Presenter ([email protected]) Edible bean flours (pregelatinised, raw flour, and its fractions) can be extruded to produce expanded snacks. Extruder screw rpm of 320 ‐ 380 produced snacks with favorable expansion, texture and water activity using pregelatinised flours. Expected glycemic index was high (81‐88). Raffinose content in raw flours was significantly reduced after extrusion; however phytic acid was not significantly different. Extrudates of raw navy bean flour had the most acceptable sensory attributes based on sensory evaluation. Dried pinto beans were milled and fractionated into high protein fraction (HPF) and high starch fractions (HSF). HPF at 5% in bread formulation increase lysine content by 50% without affecting overall bread quality. Properties of HSF showed potential for use in soup, bread, pasta and meat.
FN10 MODEL STUDIES OF BINDING OF CARBONYL FLAVORS ON PEA PROTEINS Wang, K.*, and S. D. Arntfield. Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada . *Presenter Kun Wang ([email protected]) In food systems, proteins can lead to a decrease of flavor intensity. Binding of aldehydes and ketones by salt (PPIs) and alkaline (PPIa) extracted pea protein isolates were studied using a thermodynamic GC/MS approach. Both PPIs and PPIa bound aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes exhibited higher binding affinity and the formation of 2‐butyl‐2‐octenalfrom 1‐hexanalwas detected. Protein thermal and functional behaviors in the presence of these compounds were analyzed byDSC and a texture analyzer. DSC results inferred potential conformational changes due to partial denaturation of PPIs by these flavors. The heat‐induced PPIs gelation properties were significantly altered, possibly because protein‐flavor hydrophobic or covalent interactions interfere with protein gel network formation.
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Pulses and Environment PE01 BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS IN MYCORRHIZAL AND NON‐MYCORRHIZAL ROOTS OF CHICKPEA. Bazghaleh, N 1, 2, C. Hamel*1, 2, J. D. Knight2, Y. Gan1, A. Freire Cruz3, and T. Ishii3. 1 Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Swift Current, 2 Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 3 Graduate School of Kyoto Prefectural University *Presenter Chantal Hanel ([email protected]) Rhizosphere communities are under the influence of the plants. We sought bioactive phytochemicals in the roots of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotype Anna. Root proteins and compounds soluble in methanol were extracted from mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal roots, fractionated by HPLC, and tested on two endophytic and two pathogenic fungi in microtiter plates. Nine bioactive phytochemical fractions soluble in 25% MeOH were found in mycorrhizal roots and 18, in non‐mycorrhizal roots; they stimulated the growth of Trichoderma harzianum and Geomyces vinaceus, and some inhibited Rhizoctonia sp. and Fusarium oxysporum. A protein fraction over‐expressed in mycorrhizal roots contained six proteins. Non‐protein phytochemicals had selective effects on the endophytes and pathogens whereas the antifungal protein fraction of mycorrhizal roots was non‐selective.
PE02 SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF SEED‐TREATED FUNGICIDES ON ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT IN PEA AND CHICKPEA ROOTS DIFFER WITH ACTION MODES OF FUNGICIDE AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL SPECIES. Jin, H.*, F. Walley, and J. Germida. Department of Soil Science. University of Saskatchewan. Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5A8 *Presenter ([email protected]) The effects of seven seed‐treated fungicides, Agrox FL, Allegiance FL, Apron Maxx RTA, Thiram 75, Vitaflo 280, Crown, and Trilex AL on the development and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and consequent production of glomalin‐related soil protein were investigated. Systemic fungicides, Allegiance FL, Apron Maxx RTA, Vitaflo 280, Crown and Trilex restricted mycorrhizal infection and plant growth to different levels. In contrast, Agrox FL, a contact fungicide, produced a remarkable range of positive responses in mycorrhizal colonization and did not significantly reduce plant growth. Although consequent sporulation and glomalin‐related protein production were not significantly affected by fungicides at an early plant growth stage, the compositional structure of the AMF community in plant roots was significantly altered in response to Agrox FL, Allegiance FL, Apron Maxx RTA, and Trilex as revealed by pyrosequencing‐based analysis of 18S rRNA. This indicates that fungicidal effect on mycorrhizal infection may be AMF species specific.
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PE03 PULSE CROP RESIDUES RELEASE NITROGEN WHEN IT IS NEEDED. Lupwayi, N.Z.*1, and Y.K. Soon2. Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada, 1Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB; 2Beaverlodge Research Farm, Beaverlodge, AB. *Presenter ([email protected]) We quantified N released from residues of green pea, forage pea, faba bean grown for seed, faba bean green manure (GM), and chickling vetch GM in two subsequent crops. Green manure residues had already released 76‐102 kg N ha‐1 by the time the first subsequent crop, wheat, was seeded, compared with 61 kg ha‐1 from faba bean grown for seed and 16‐28 kg ha‐1 from pea residues. During growth of wheat and canola, the second subsequent crop, faba bean residues released 33 and 33 kg N ha‐1, respectively, forage pea residues 30 and 29 kg ha‐1 and green pea residues 30 and 22 kg ha‐1, compared with 12 and 5 kg N ha‐1 from vetch GM residues and 11 and 8 kg ha‐1 from faba bean GM residues.
PE04 INVESTIGATING HEAT TOLERANT TRAITS IN THE PEA ASSOCIATION MAPPING PANEL Bueckert R.A.*1, and T. Warkentin2. 1 Department of Plant Sciences and 2 Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) A current breeding objective is to improve heat tolerance in pea. We are screening a collection of 94 cultivars, the Pea Association Mapping Panel (PAM), used in genomics work. The objective is to seek cultivars with putative heat tolerance compared to cultivars grown in western Canada. The PAM was sown at a normal and late seeding date in Arizona, Spring 2012; the later seeded received high temperatures (30 to 40 C) during flowering over several weeks. We screened the PAM at two field locations in SK this summer. Arizona data revealed 19 genotypes retained at least 6 pods in heat, and cultivars could acclimate with sufficient irrigation. Traits exhibited by these 19 included long internodes, vining, normal leaf, and indeterminacy. The SK data revealed all cultivars aborted flowers in temperatures lower than 32C, although the best 20% corresponded to cultivars identified in Arizona. These ‘heat tolerant’ candidates warrant further research for canopy cooling traits.
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Genetics and Genomics GG01 GENOTYPING‐BY‐SEQUENCING FOR HIGH DENSITY GENETIC MAP DEVELOPMENT AND ANCHORING GENOMIC SCAFFOLDS IN CHICKPEA. Ramsay, L. D.*1, K.K. Gali1, B. Tar'an2, C. Song3, R. Varshney4, A.G. Sharpe1. 1NRC‐Canada, Saskatoon, 2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 3Beijing Genomics Institute, 4. ICRISAT‐IN. *Presenter (larissa.ramsay@nrc‐cnrc.gc.ca) Next‐generation high‐throughput technologies have enabled the low‐cost sequencing of populations of segregating lines derived from bi‐parental crosses. This can be achieved through the generation of reduced representation genomic libraries, allowing for greater sequencing depth during marker discovery and the generation of very high‐density genetic maps that can be utilized for anchoring of genome assemblies. For chickpea, RAD‐Seq libraries generated from genomic DNA using the restriction enzyme EcoRI were constructed for a population of 93 RIL lines. These were multiplexed and 101bp paired‐end reads generated on the Illumina HiSeq platform, mapped against genomic scaffolds, and variant calls produced. 12,012 high‐quality SNPs were identified, representing 1,221 total reference scaffolds (304Mb of sequence, ~58% total scaffold sequence), 614 of which containing more than one SNP. These markers were incorporated with existing genetic maps and used to anchor scaffolds and improve the quality of the overall assembly.
GG02 COMPARATIVE MAPPING FOR CANDIDATE GENE IDENTIFICATION IN PULSES. K.E. Bett1, M.J. Fedoruk1, V. Rajandran2, J. Weller2, L. Ramsay3, A.G. Sharpe3. 1 University of Saskatchewan 2 University of Tasmania, 3 NRC‐Canada, Saskatoon. *Presenter ([email protected]) Using a recently developed gene‐based genetic map of the lentil genome, we mapped seed shape, seed coat colour and days to flowering in a RIL population. Using comparative mapping with Medicago truncatula, we demonstrate significant stretches of shared synteny in these two legumes and candidate genes were identified. Similar strategies are being used in other pulse crops to identify genes of interest in the breeding programs.
GG03 SNP DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION IN CHICKPEA, LENTIL, PEA, AND COMMON BEAN BREEDING. Taran B1*, Bett K2, Sindhu A1, Marwan1, Ramsay L3, Sharpe A3, Warkentin T1, Vandenberg A1. 1. Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; 2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; 3. National Research Council, Saskatoon, Canada *Presenter ([email protected]) We recently developed a set of 1,536 SNPs as an Illumina GoldenGate array for each of common bean, chickpea, lentil and pea. The SNPs were selected to cover the entire genome based on their homologous locations on the Medicago truncatula chromosomes. The SNP markers were used to generate linkage maps using a core mapping population for each crop, and to characterize the diversity of breeding lines and germplasm accessions in each crop as part of association analysis. The utility of the core maps for QTL analyses, and the association analyses for identifying loci associated with major agronomic traits will be presented. This research is expected to develop new tools that will increase selection efficiency and facilitate rapid incorporation of traits into new pulse crop cultivars.
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GG04 EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDE (RFO) BIOSYNTHETIC GENES IN DEVELOPING LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.) SEEDS. Udhaya Kannan, Seedhabadee Ganeshan and Ravindra N Chibbar, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter: ([email protected]) The presence of high concentrations of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seeds causes stomach discomfort and flatulence, restricting human lentil consumption. To develop molecular biological strategies to reduce RFO concentration in lentil seeds, we characterized RFO biosynthetic enzyme genes and studied their expression during seed development. Partial sequences for galactinol synthase (GAS), raffinose synthase (RFS) and stachyose synthase (STS) were obtained using degenerate primers and used to study gene expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. All three genes showed peak expression in middle to late seed developmental stages. Accumulation of GAS, RFS and STS occurred from 22‐26 days after flowering. Understanding expression of these genes will enable determination of key rate limiting enzymes in the RFO biosynthetic pathway.
GG05 CHARACTERIZATION OF DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4‐REDUCTASE (DFR) GENE PARALOGS IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.). Siddiqua, M.*, Z. Yadegari, and K. P. Pauls. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected]). DFR is the first committed enzyme of the flavonoid pathway leading to the production of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins that have antioxidant properties. The current work was initiated to obtain information about DFR paralogs in common bean to facilitate the development of genomic tools to select varieties with high levels of beneficial antioxidant compounds. Three paralogs of DFR were cloned, sequenced and named PvDFR‐1, PvDFR‐2, and PvDFR‐3. They were 65‐87% similar at the amino acid level. PvDFR‐2, and PvDFR‐3 were highly expressed in seed coat tissue and were cloned into a pGAPZα C expression vector for heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. Cells transformed with PvDFR‐2 or PvDFR‐3 produced new proteins with DFR activity against the substrates dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin.
GG06 SNP VARIATION WITHIN CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND PROTEIN DEPOSITION IN PEA Jha, A.B.*, G. Arganosa, B. Tar'an, and T.D. Warkentin. Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) To accelerate development of pea cultivars with improved nutritional profiles, diverse genetic resources are required. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for marker assisted selection. Sixteen recently published candidate genes affecting carbohydrate metabolism and protein deposition were amplified in 60 diverse Pisum accessions. Overall, 204 SNPs were detected within candidate genes. Among them, 21 were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with starch, 3 with protein, 2 with acid detergent fibre and 1 with ash concentrations. Out of 21 SNPs associated with starch concentration, 11 were also associated with agronomic traits such as days to flower, plant height and seed weight. These SNP markers have the potential for use in marker assisted selection.
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GG07 CHARACTERIZATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COMMON BEAN AND ISOLATES OF COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT PATHOGENS. Xie W.*1, S. McClymont1, R. Stonehouse2, R. Khanal1, K. Yu1, K. P. Pauls1, K. Bett2, and A. Navabi1. 1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada/University of Guelph Bean Breeding Program; 2. University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp) and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans (Xff), is a damaging disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) throughout the world. . Ninety F4:5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between susceptible Sanilac and resistant OAC 09‐3 were phenotyped in an artificially inoculated field disease nursery and in the growth room using a mixture of four CBB isolates as well as using single isolates. The RIL population was also genotyped with the previously known CBB‐associated SCAR marker SU91, 120 SSR markers, and 768‐SNP markers. A high density map was constructed and differential expression of resistance QTL were revealed in the interactions between common bean and isolates of common bacterial blight pathogens.
GG08 IDENTIFYING SNP MARKERS LINKED TO SELENIUM, ZINC AND IRON CONCENTRATION IN PEA AND CHICKPEA USING ASSOCIATION MAPPING. Marwan*1, A. Sindhu1, K. Bett2, T. Warkentin1, A. Sharpe3, and B. Taran1. 1. Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 and 3. DNA Technology Laboratory, NCR Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 *Presenter ([email protected]) Increasing the micronutrient concentration and bioavailability in pulse crops could address widespread dietary deficiencies. Recently developed 1536 GoldenGate genotyping assays were used to identify 1233 and 1186 SNPs exhibiting polymorphism in 94 lines of pea and chickpea, respectively. Iron, zinc and selenium concentration was assayed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Five loci in pea were strongly associated with zinc concentration, and one locus each was associated with iron and selenium concentration. Nine loci in chickpea were significantly associated with zinc concentration and one locus with iron concentration. Data collected from the 2012 season will be used to validate the analysis.
GG09 QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI ANLYSIS OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION IN COMMON BEAN. Farid, M.*1, W. Xie1, R. Stonehouse2, K. P. Pauls1, K. Bett2, and A. Navabi1. 1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada/University of Guelph Bean Breeding Program; 2. University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) Despite the inherent ability of legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, the actual N2 fixation of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is relatively low compared to other legumes. Breeding for increased symbiotic N2 fixation (SNF) can improve dry beans that are normally dependent on N fertilizer for significant yields and will promote development of low‐input cropping systems. To date, limited research has been carried out to investigate the genetic basis of quantitative variation in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in dry beans. The focus of this study is to examine the variation in N2‐fixation and related traits in an F4:5 recombinant inbred line population of a cross between high and low N2‐fixing genotypes to identify quantitative trait loci for SNF.
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GG10 DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMMON BEAN ANDEAN DIVERSITY PANEL. Porch, T.1, P. Miklas2, K. Cichy3, T. Pastor‐Corrales4, M. Grusak5. 1USDA‐ARS, Mayaguez, PR. 2USDA‐ARS, Prosser, WA. 3USDA‐ARS, East Lansing, MI. 4USDA‐ARS, Beltsville, MD. 5USDA‐ARS, Houston, TX. *Presenter ([email protected]) The Andean Diversity Panel (ADP) was developed for association mapping of traits in the Andean gene pool for application in African common bean breeding efforts. The ADP was assembled primarily of African landraces, breeding lines, and cultivars. This collection of approximately 400 lines is being evaluated for traits of economic importance in Africa by research programs in the U.S., the Caribbean and Africa. In addition, the population is being SNP genotyped for evaluation of genetic diversity, as well as for future genetic analysis and development of markers for traits of interest.
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Pulse Breeding PB01 BREEDING FOR WHITE MOLD DISEASE AVOIDANCE IN COMMON BEAN Miklas, P.N.*1, L. Porter1, J.D. Kelly2, and J. R. Myers3 1.USDA‐ARS, Vegetable and Forage Crop Research Unit, Prosser, WA ; 2. Department of Crop Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI ; 3. Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR *Presenter ([email protected]) Sclerotinia white mold is a devastating fungal disease of common bean worldwide. Our objective was to examine white mold disease avoidance in common bean. A comparative map of 79 quantitative trait loci (QTL) was composed. Thirteen white mold resistance QTL associations with disease avoidance traits were observed. Canopy porosity and height, and lodging were highly correlated with disease severity score in field screening trials conducted from 2000 to 2011. Avoidance traits were less effective in reducing disease severity in trials with heavy disease pressure. Selecting for resistance to white mold in the field, in combination with high yield potential and acceptable maturity, is the recommended strategy for improving both disease avoidance and physiological resistance to white mold in cultivars with commercially acceptable agronomic traits.
PB02 DEVELOPMENT OF DRY BEAN CULTIVARS WITH RESISTANCE TO WHITE MOULD. Balasubramanian, P.M.1, R.L. Conner2, D.L. McLaren3, S. Chatterton1, and A. Hou2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, 1. Lethbridge Research Centre. 2. Morden Research Centre. 3. Brandon Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected]) White mould disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a severe constraint to dry bean production across Canada. Under high disease pressure, dry bean cultivars with an upright growth habit can succumb to the disease resulting in a severe loss of seed yield and quality. In the absence of complete genetic resistance to white mould, cultivars with both partial field resistance (avoidance) and partial physiological resistance would be preferred by producers in order to reduce disease risk and production costs. The objective of this study was to characterize select bean genotypes for partial field resistance and partial physiological resistance to white mould. Bean genotypes with both types of partial resistance were identified for use as parents in the breeding program.
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PB03 STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF CONTROLLING ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT IN CHICKPEA BY GENETIC RESISTANCE. Buchwaldt, L.*1, G.K. Kishore2, R. Prabhakaran1,F. Fu1, H.M. Booker3,E.H. Madrid4,T. Millán4, J. Gil4, J. Rubio5 and A.G. Sharpe2. 1.AAFC, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 2. NRC‐Saskatoon, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.3. CDC, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 4. UCO and 5. IFAPA, Cordoba, Spain. *Presenter ([email protected])
SSR linkage maps were generated in chickpea using bi‐parental populations of F2 plants or RI lines derived from ascochyta blight resistant accessions (ICC4475, ICC6328, ICC3996, ICC4200, ILC72, ILC3279, ILC195, Amit). Eight quantitative trait loci explaining 13‐62% of resistance were identified (LOD 2.5‐8.9). A single integrated map was generated. Meta‐analysis of the combined data sets mapped the QTLs more accurately. Each locus was named AR followed by the linkage group number. AR4b was present in most of the accessions and in current Canadian varieties, CDC Luna, Corinne and Frontier. Other QTLs, AR1, AR3a, AR3b, AR4a, AR6 and AR8, associated with both recessive and dominant resistance genes, are likely to enhance resistance when combined. A world collection of chickpea germplasm is currently used for association mapping of potentially new QTLs using single nucleotide polymorphisms that have accumulated over time.
PB04 FLOWERING RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES TO TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD. Abdi, K. D.*, T. Warkentin , B. Tar’an , and R. Bueckert. Department of Plant Sciences/Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) Time for flower initiation is crucial for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) adaptation in short season environments such as the Canadian prairies. Eight chickpea genotypes were evaluated in two photoperiods (10h and16h) and three diurnal temperature regimes (16/8 0C, 20/12 0C and 24/16 0C; day/night) in growth chambers. Time to flower bud initiation and first appearance of open flowers were recorded. The photo‐thermal response of the chickpea genotypes was a quadratic function of temperature and photoperiod and is described in the equation: days to flowering = 86.14 ‐ 1.8 (temperature) ‐ 1.7 (photoperiod)2. This experiment indicated that temperature had more pronounced effects than photoperiod on flower initiation and crop duration in chickpea.
PB05 TOOLS R US ‐ LENTIL IMPROVEMENT THROUGH INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES USING NEW EMBRYO RESCUE TOOLS Saha S*, A. Tullu H.Y. Yuan, M. Lulsdorf, and A. Vandenberg. Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,SK. *Presenter ([email protected]) Lentil is an important grain legume, a good source of protein for the human diet. A narrow genetic base of cultivated lentil has hindered the productivity of lentil. Wild lentil species are an important reservoir of potential genes to broaden the genetic base and introduce useful traits for agricultural requirements. Efficient embryo rescue techniques play an important role in the overcoming reproductive barriers in the transfer of valuable traits from wild species into cultivated. Removal of integuments from the ovule of 14‐18 day old zygotic embryos in media containing 4‐Cl‐IAA improved successful hybrid development of interspecific crosses of different wild species with Lens culinaris. Hybrid embryo success rate is improved by in vivo grafting to faba bean. An efficient and simple embryo rescue protocol was developed and used to obtain large F2 populations seeds from inherently weak zygotic embryos produced from wide hybridization.
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PB06 FIELD PEA ANTHER CULTURE ‐ THE STRESS IS KILLING ME. Slater, S.M.H.*, M.M. Lulsdorf, and T.D. Warkentin. Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan *Presenter ([email protected]) A high throughput double haploid protocol for field pea does not exist. Induction of androgenesis in field pea requires various stress treatments including cold pre‐treatment, electroporation, centrifugation, sonication, and osmotic shock. Inductive stress treatments cause poor microspore viability after 7 days in culture. In an attempt to improve 7 day microspore viability, auxin concentration and type as well as donor plant environment were examined. Auxin concentration and type were linked to the production of symmetrical nuclei and to anther callusing but not to microspore viability. Donor plant light parameters, both quality and quantity, were not linked to 7 day microspore viability, although light quality was linked to initial microspore viability and plant development. Dropping donor plant growth temperature to 15 ⁰C /10 ⁰C at flowering improved microspore viability. A high throughput double haploid protocol for field pea requires a more in‐depth understanding of the basic biology of pea, specifically the triggers of androgenesis and programmed cell death.
PB07 BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF A LINEAR MIXED MODEL TO MEASURE THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE YIELD OF COMMON BEAN FOR THE YEAR 2030 WORLDWIDE. Palomino‐Lescano, V. R., D. S. Santana‐Morant*. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico‐Mayagüez. *Presenter ([email protected]) We studied the impact of climate change on the yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The analysis was performed by country incorporating projections of future climate for the periods of cultivation of beans presented in the crop calendars of Sacks (2010). We modeled future climate by country using the model of Tebaldi and Sansó (2008) and estimated the joint predictive distribution of temperature and precipitation. Then, we studied the impact of temperature and precipitation on the yield of bean using a Bayesian analysis of a linear mixed model. The results indicate that the predicted increase in temperature will have a negative impact on the yield of beans in most countries by 2030.
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Pulses in Cropping Systems: Agronomy and Management PA01 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PEAS AND FABA BEANS IN THE UK. Biddle, A.J.* Processors and Growers Research Organisation (PGRO) Peterborough UK. *Presenter ([email protected]) Around 25,000 ha of dry harvest peas, 35,000ha of peas for freezing and canning and 100,000ha of field beans (Vicia faba) are grown annually in the UK. Peas are all spring planted whereas there is a choice of both autumn or spring planted field beans to suit a range of farming conditions. The adoption of new varieties is dependent on the provision of a Recommended List which is derived and delivered from field trials carried out by PGRO. Research on all other aspects of crop production is also undertaken by PGRO funded by pulse growers through a voluntary levy payment system. Peas and beans are grown mainly for the higher value markets including human consumption and varieties and production techniques reflect the importance of high quality crops. With the reduction of available crop protection products, great emphasis is laid on effective husbandry and pest and disease management. A range of prediction, monitoring and forecasting systems are in place to assist decisions on crop protection actions. This paper illustrates aspects of PGRO work in delivering relevant and effective advice and describes some of the current pulse production practices in variety choice, weed management and pest and disease control
PA02 BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF BRUCHUS RUFIMANUS (BEAN SEED BEETLE) Ward, R*. Processors and Growers Research Organisation (PGRO). Peterborough UK. *Presenter ([email protected]) The bean seed beetle, Bruchus rufimanus, is now an economically important pest of faba bean crops throughout Europe and has developed as a serious pest in the UK which produces around 100,000 ha of field beans for high quality export and around 2000 ha of broad beans for both freezing, canning and the fresh market. It is the only bruchid species currently endemic to the UK and it has become established as a serious pest in the UK since 1990. It is suspected that its spread across Europe is a consequence of climate change. Oviposition is regulated by temperature and pest distribution in the UK is probably restricted by cooler conditions in the north. This paper describes an investigation of the changes in distribution of the pest across the UK and implications for pest management.
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PA03 INSENSITIVITY TO PYRACLOSTROBIN FUNGICIDE IN MYCOSPHAERELLA PINODES ON THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS. Bowness, R.*1,6, K.F. Chang2, B.D. Gossen3, R.S. Goswami4, S.F. Hwang2, C.J. Willenborg5, and S.E. Strelkov6. 1. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe, AB, 2. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB , 3. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, 4. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 5. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK 6. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. *Presenter([email protected]) Mycospharella pinodes is an important foliar pathogen of field pea. The strobilurin fungicide, pyraclostrobin, is widely used to control M. pinodes in western Canada. However, there is a high risk that this pathogen will develop insensitivity to strobilurins. The response of 75 isolates of M. pinodes from Saskatchewan, Alberta and North Dakota, never exposed to this chemistry, was assessed on agar amended with pyraclostrobin to provide a baseline estimate of sensitivity. Using this baseline, a discriminatory dose of 5.0 µl/ml was identified, and isolates recently collected from the same region were tested. About 8% (23 of 300) of the isolates were insensitive to pyraclostrobin. This indicates that insensitivity to strobilurin fungicides may be developing in this pathogen population.
PA04 RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA TO IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES . Jefferies, L.M.*, K. Sapsford, C. Willenborg, and B. Tar’an. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan. * Presenter ([email protected].) Chickpea production in western Canada is challenged by limited options available for broadleaf weed control. The use of imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides on chickpea has previously resulted in unacceptable crop injury, until recently. IMI tolerant kabuli and desi varieties and two conventional varieties were tested for their reactions to different rates of imazamox, imazethapyr, and a combination of imazamox + imazethapyr applications, and for their reaction to IMI herbicide applications at different growth stages (2‐4 node, 5‐8 node, and 9‐12 node growth stages). Visual injury ratings showed significantly lower rate in the tolerant varieties than in the conventional ones. The number of days to flowering and to maturity is positively correlated with the injury rates.
PA05 THE POTENTIAL FOR GROUP 15 HERBICIDES IN MANAGING HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS IN PULSES. Johnson, E.N.*1, H. J. Beckie1, L. M. Hall2, B. Laturnas2, C. J. Willenborg3, K. L. Sapsford3, J. J. Schoenau3, and A. M. Szmigielski3. 1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Center, Saskatoon, SK; 2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; 3. College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK. *Presenter ([email protected]) Group 15 herbicides are not commonly used on the Canadian Prairies. They typically affect susceptible weeds prior to emergence. Two Group 15 herbicides have been screened for potential use in pulse crops; propyzamide and pyroxasulfone. Propyzamide is an old herbicide that is registered for control of foxtail barley and other grass species in pastures. Preliminary studies indicate propyzamide has activity on kochia, wild oat, and other grass weeds with acceptable crop safety in pulses. Pyroxasulfone is an unregistered soil active herbicide with potential to control a number of grass and broadleaf weed species. A laboratory bioassay has been developed to determine pyroxasulfone phytotoxicity and is being applied to identify soil characteristics that impact its soil activity and persistence.
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PA06 FUSARIUM SPECIES FROM DRY BEAN AND PEA FIELDS IN MANITOBA. Henriquez, M.A.1*, D.L. McLaren1, R.L. Conner2, P.M. Balasubramanian3 and K.F. Chang4
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada (AAFC), 1. Brandon Research Centre. 2. Morden Research Centre. 3. Lethbridge Research Centre. 4. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton. * Presenter ([email protected]) In order to investigate the population of Fusarium species in dry bean and pea fields from the major production areas in Manitoba, samples of root tissue were collected from a total of seventy‐three commercial dry bean and sixty‐four field pea crops during 2011 and 2012. Fusarium species were identified based on morphological characteristics and confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1‐alpha) gene and a PCR‐based assay. Pathogenicity tests of the predominant isolates of Fusarium were conducted using a susceptible dry bean and field pea cultivar. Twelve and six Fusarium species were detected in dry bean and field pea respectively, including F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. solani, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum and F. graminearum.
PA07 DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OF THE STEM AND BULB NEMATODE ON GRAIN PEA AND CANADA THISTLE IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES. Tenuta, M.*, S. Briar, M. Madani, and S.A. Subbotin. Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 Canada; (S.A.S.) Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, 95832‐1448, USA. *Presenter ([email protected]) This study examined if Ditylenchus weischeri and not D. dipsaci is present in yellow pea grain from harvest samples in 2009 and 2010 and from Canada thistle in SK, AB and MB. A total of 538 pea harvest samples (mainly yellow) were obtained from 151 growers. Two percent of the samples were positive indicating a low frequency of the nematode. Counts ranged from 4‐1500 nematodes kg‐1 pea. The nematode seemed morphologically dissimilar to D. dipsaci. Thistle plants were collected in fall 2011 from fields of yellow pea in MB, SK and AB. All plants from SK and MB were infested with Ditylenchus. Individuals from each sample were used for molecular identification (ITS‐rRNA regions ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 and fragment of hsp90). Theresults mainly match those published for D. weischeri. PCR with a species‐specific primer for D. weischeri was also designed and successfully tested using the nematode from thistle.
PA08 DRY PEA, LENTIL, AND CHICKPEA VARIETY EVALUATION ON THE PALOUSE‐ 19 YEARS OF PULSE CROP EXTENSION. Guy, S.*, M. Lauver, and D. Finkelnburg. Washington State University and the University of Idaho. *Presenter ([email protected]) From 1994 to present, dry pea, lentil, and chickpea varieties have been evaluated for adaptation and performance in the Pacific Northwest Palouse region of Idaho and Washington. Trials were supported by the University of Idaho, Washington State University, USDA‐ARS, USA Dry Pea and Lentil Council, the pulse seed industry, and private breeders. Variety testing results provided information for Extension programing to educate growers on variety performance and selection for their growing conditions including conventional and no‐tillage management. Seed yield and size, and plant length and canopy height were determined. Results varied greatly depending on location, year, cultivars entered, and management. ‘Columbian’ green pea, ‘Pardina’ and ‘Brewer’ lentils, and ‘Dwelley’ chickpea were common varieties across all trials. This successful variety evaluation program has supported growers and enhanced the pulse industry for 18 years on the Palouse.
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Poster Abstracts
Pulses: Food, Nutrition, and Human Health
P01 EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON THE ANTI‐NUTRITIONAL FACTORS Chen, Y.M.1*, S. Arntfield1, K. Wang1, H. Maskus2, L.Bourre2, L. Malcolmson2. 1. Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba. 2. Candian International Grain Institute *Presenter ([email protected]) Anti‐nutritional factors, including phytic acids, total phenolic acids, and trypsin inhibitor activities were evaluated in pea flours and their pizza dough products. Commercial yellow pea flours were prepared with different milling technologies (stone milling, hammer milling and pin milling) and laboratory pea flours were treated using different heat processes (micronization and roasting). Milling technologies had a significant effect on the total phenolic acid content. The type of heat process had no significant effect on phytic acid levels. There was a significant reduction in trypsin inhibitor activities due to the thermal processing yet some trypsin inhibitors were still present in the final cooked pizza dough.
P02 INFLUENCE OF MILLING METHOD ON THE PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF YELLOW PEA FLOUR USED IN COOKIES Bourré, L., H. Maskus, R. DeStefano, and L. Malcolmson. Canadian International Grains Institute (Cigi), Winnipeg, Manitoba. *Presenter ([email protected]) The addition of whole yellow pea flour to wheat flour will affect both functional and physical properties of the resulting flour blend. Furthermore, these properties will be affected by the method used to mill the whole peas into flour. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of pea milling method (hammer, stone, pin, roller) on the functional properties of a 30% whole yellow pea/70% soft wheat flour blend and the effect on end quality when incorporated into cookies. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found among the various cookies for cookie dimensions, colour and texture indicating that milling method did affect end product quality.
P03 EFFECT OF MILLING METHOD ON PROPERTIES OF YELLOW PEA FLOUR INCORPORATED INTO TORTILLAS AND THEIR EFFECT ON END PRODUCT QUALITY Maskus, H., L. Bourré, Y. Borsuk and L. Malcolmson. Canadian International Grains Institute (Cigi), Winnipeg Manitoba. *Presenter ([email protected]) Tortillas are widely consumed in North America. Typically made with refined wheat flour, they are relatively low in nutritional value. The addition of pea flour to tortilla formulations improves the nutritional profile but also affects end product quality. Additionally, the milling method used to produce the pea flour can affect tortilla quality. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of milling methods (hammer, pin, stone, roller) on the physical and functional properties of split and whole yellow pea flours. The quality of tortillas made from these flours was examined using a 30% yellow pea/70% wheat flour blend. Milling method was found to influence flour quality and the quality of tortillas made from these flours.
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P04 EFFECT OF MICRONIZATION CONDITIONS ON LENTIL FLOUR PROPERTIES. Pathiratne, S.M.*1, J.P.D. Wanasundara2, and P.J. Shand1. 1. Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. 2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Saskatoon, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) Effect of lentil seed moisture levels due to tempering and final temperature during micronization (a heat treatment using infrared radiation) on physicochemical, functional and thermal properties of resulting flour was investigated. Three tempering conditions; non‐tempered (natural moisture level 8%) and tempered to 16 and 23% seed moisture levels and four micronization temperatures (115, 130, 150 and 165º C) were used. Tempering to 23% moisture increased water holding capacity (WHC) at all temperatures while 16% tempering showed high WHC at 150 and 165º C only. Starch gelatinization (18‐25%) was observed only when micronized at 23% seed moisture level. Activities of lipoxygenase and trypsin inhibitory compounds decreased with all micronization treatments. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed a decrease in the heat enthalpy values (8‐90%) in tempered treatments that were micronized.
P05 EFFECT OF MICRONIZATION ON VOLATILE COMPOUNDS RESPONSIBLE FOR BEANY FLAVOR IN CHICKPEA AND LENTIL FLOURS Shariati, S. and M. Aliani Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Micronization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and lentil (Lens culinaris) flours (at 130 and 150 °C) were investigated to reduce the activity of lipoxygenase and thereby decreasing the concentration of volatile compounds responsible for beany and off‐flavors impacting the acceptability of cooked pulses. A significant decrease in volatile compounds such as pentanol, hexanal, 2‐hexenal, hexanol, heptanal, furan‐2‐pentyl, 2‐octenal, nonanal, 2,4 decadienal,2,4‐ undecadienal were obtained after micronization of chickpea and pulse flours. An acceptability consumer test with 101 participants (female =71, male =30) showed a clear preference for aroma, flavor, overall acceptability and frequency of consumption of low fat beef burgers with added micronized pulses (6%, W/W) compared to burgers with added non‐micronized pulse flours.
P06 EFFECT OF TEMPERING AND MICRONIZATION TEMPERATURE ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF KABULI‐TYPE CHICKPEA FLOUR. Unatrakarn, P.1, M.T. Nickerson1, J.P.D. Wanasundara2, and P.J. Shand1. 1. Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada. 2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) The effect of tempering (7, 15 and 22% moisture) and micronization temperature (115, 130, 150 and 165oC) on the physciochemical and functional attributes of chickpea flour was investigated. Overall, water holding capacity increased with increasing level of tempering and micronizing temperature. Overall oil absorption capacity (OAC) increased as the level of tempering increased, however OAC was independent of micronization temperatures at 7 and 22% moisture, but not at the 15% level. Flours were further evaluated using a rapid visco analyzer which showed that final viscosity decreased and pasting temperatures increased with increasing micronization temperatures. Flours tempered to 22% moisture also displayed increased levels of gelatinized starch as the micronization temperatures were raised.
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P07 EFFECT OF FIBRE ENRICHMENT LEVEL AND FIBRE PARTICLE SIZE ON THE EXTRUSION PROPERTIES OF SPLIT YELLOW PEA FLOUR. Frohlich, P.*, G. Boux, and L. Malcolmson. Canadian International Grains Institute (Cigi), Winnipeg Manitoba. *Presenter ([email protected]) Pulse ingredients are increasingly being used in formulating healthier food products. This study examined the effect of pea fiber enrichment and fiber particle size on the extrusion properties of split yellow pea flour. Pea hulls were milled into fractions differing in particle size, blended with pea flour at 5, 10, 15 and 20% and extruded into a puffed snack using a pilot scale twin screw extruder. The addition of pea hull fiber to split yellow pea flour had a significant effect on the quality of the snacks as determined by measuring expansion ratio, bulk density, colour and instrumental texture of the snacks. Addition of coarse fibre fractions blended at lower inclusion levels resulted in the smallest changes to product quality.
P08 THE EFFECTS OF A LENTIL‐BASED SPORTS NUTRITION BAR ON PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS Kaviani, M.1, P.D. Chilibeck1, S. Gall1, J. Jochim1, and G.A. Zello2. Colleges of 1. Kinesiology and 2. Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2 *Presenter ([email protected]) We compared feeding of 1.5g/kg available carbohydrate from a low glycemic index (GI) lentil‐based sports bar; a high‐GI sports bar; or 0g carbohydrate from placebo before, between halves and after a simulated 90min soccer match in 4 soccer players . The next morning they performed a half‐game to assess recovery. The high‐GI bar induced a higher blood glucose before the match versus the lentil bar and control (p<0.01), indicating superior metabolic response with the lentil bar. The lentil bar tended to be superior versus the high‐GI bar for timed agility late in the first match (5.8 vs. 6.3s, p=0.064) and next‐day sprint performance (3.9 vs. 4.3s; p=0.10). (Supported by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and Agriculture Agri‐Food Canada ‐ Cluster Program)
P09 ENHANCING STABILITY OF RED COLOUR AND UNSATURATED LIPIDS OF FRESH BEEF BURGERS WITH MICRONIZED LENTIL FLOUR. Pathiratne, S.M.*1, J.P.D. Wanasundara2, and P.J. Shand1. 1. Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. 2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Saskatoon, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) The impact of micronized (heat treated with infrared radiation) lentil flour on the stability of fresh meat colour and unsaturated lipids of ground beef was investigated. Flour from green lentil (var. Eston) seeds subjected to three tempering conditions (non‐tempered 8% seed moisture, tempered to 16% and 23% seed moisture) and four temperatures (115, 130, 150 and 165º C) were incorporated into fresh beef at 6% (w/w) level to form beef burgers. Burgers with micronized lentil flour showed enhanced retention of redness (Hunter a value) and suppression of lipid oxidation (decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Of the 13 seed treatments studied, non‐micronized and non‐tempered seeds treated to 115 and 130º C provided less effect on stabilizing fresh meat colour and unsaturated lipids.
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P10 USE OF PULSE INGREDIENTS TO DEVELOP HEALTHIER BAKED PRODUCTS. Boux, G. A‐S. Bellido, L. Malcolmson, and P. Frohlich. Canadian International Grains Institute (Cigi), Winnipeg, Manitoba. *Presenter ([email protected]) With growing interest in formulating more nutritious ready‐to‐eat foods, the food industry is looking for alternative ingredients which can deliver enhanced nutrition and functionality. The use of pulse ingredients in baked products is an excellent way to enhance nutrition and functionality of cereal based foods. Pea fibre was added to bagel and tortilla formulations and various pulse flours were blended with wheat flour to formulate tortillas, crackers and pita bread. Pulse flours were incorporated with rice and tapioca flour to create gluten‐free pizza crust and cookies. The results showed that it was possible to incorporate pulse flours and fibre into baked products; however, modifications to the formulations were necessary to achieve acceptable end‐product quality.
P11 DIETARY FIBRES FROM PULSE FLOURS AND FRACTIONS: CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS. Tosh, S.M.*1 and S.Yada2. 1. Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, 93 Stone Rd. W., Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada. 2. Consultant, 77 Cheltonwood Avenue, Guelph, Ontario N1E 4E4, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) The non‐starch polysaccharides and oligosaccharides make dry beans, chickpeas, lentils and dry peas a good or excellent source of dietary fibre. Flours and fibre‐rich fractions obtained from pulse crops can be incorporated into processed foods to increase dietary fibre content and/or serve as functional ingredients. Pulse fibres are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignan, and the ratios vary among species. The physicochemical properties of fibre affect the functional characteristics of the flours and fibre fractions in food systems. Processing affects the ratio of insoluble to soluble dietary fibre in pulses. Food applications for pulse fibre fractions and flours involve fibre enrichment, nutrient enrichment, fat binding and retention, and texture modification in baked goods, pasta, meat and fish products.
P12 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARCH NOODLES FROM DIFFERENT PEA AND LENTIL VARIETIES PREPARED BY HIGH TEMPERATURE EXTRUSION. Wang, N.*1, T.D. Warkentin2, A. Vandenberg2, and D.J. Bing3. 1. Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission. 2. Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan. 3 AAFC Lacombe Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected]) Noodles from mung bean starch are popular staple foods in many Asian countries. Researchers have attempted to replace mung bean starch with other pulse starches in traditional starch noodle‐making because mung bean starch is expensive. However, the quality, in particular the texture, of cooked noodles from those starches is inferior to that of mung bean starch. Research at Canadian Grain Commission showed that it is feasible to prepare pea starch noodles with superior texture using high temperature extrusion technology. The objectives of this study were to prepare starch noodles from several varieties of pea and lentil by high temperature extrusion, and to evaluate the quality of the noodles. Significant differences in physical, cooking and textural properties of starch noodles from different pea and lentil varieties were observed. Textural differences among cooked starch noodles were correlated with the physicochemical properties of pea and lentil starches.
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P13 COOKING TIME AND OLIGOSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF ANDEAN BEAN GERMPLASM. Cichy, K.A.*1,2, R.S. Shaw1, and P. Miklas3. 1. Sugarbeet and Bean Research Unit, USDA‐ARS. 2. Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University. 3. Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Laboratory USDA‐ARS. *Presenter ([email protected]) Long cooking times and gastric discomfort caused by indigestible sugars are two factors that limit dry bean consumption. Cooking time and oligosaccharide levels were measured in 100 Andean bean genotypes compiled as part of a diversity panel. These lines include landraces, breeding lines, and cultivars from North and South America and Africa. The lines were grown in Prosser, WA in 2011. Cooking times were measured with a pin drop cooker and ranged from 24 to 73 minutes. Oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose as well as sucrose were also measured in raw and cooked seeds of each of the lines via high performance liquid chromatography. Genotypic variability for sugar content was observed. Cooking reduced seed oligosaccharide content.
P14 EFFECT OF CULTIVAR AND ENVIRONMENT ON PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL AND COOKING CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON BEANS. Khanal, R.*, A.J. Burt, and A. Navabi. Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada / University of Guelph, Bean Breeding Program. *Presenter ([email protected]) The effects of variety and environment on physico‐chemical and cooking characteristics of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated and the relationships between these characteristics were examined. Data from 10 location‐years from the dry bean variety registration trials in Ontario were used in this study. Genotypic effects were the major contributor to phenotypic variation for most quality traits. A positive correlation between bean can yield and hydration coefficient and a negative correlation between protein and starch was repeatedly detected. The information from this study can be used by the dry bean breeding programs for the improvement of canning quality traits.
P15 THE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS OF WINTER PULSES GROWN IN ALBERTA, CANADA UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO‐ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR THREE YEARS. Vasanthan, T.1*, M. Olson2, J. Gao1, S. Naguleswaran1, M. Perez1, and D. Wong1. 1. Grain Processing Science & Technology Lab, Food Science and Bio Resource Technology Division, Dept of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 206B Ag/For center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5 2. Pulse Crops Unit ‐ Research and Innovation Division, Food and Bio‐Industrial Crops Branch, Agriculture and Rural Development, Government of Alberta *Presenter (Ph: 780 492 2898)
Pulse grains (pea, lentil & faba) were grown in different locations of Alberta and the effect of variety, location and crop year on the composition and starch properties determined. Significant variations were observed based on growing location and types. The contents of starch, amylose, RS, protein, fat, ash and IDF were primarily influenced by pulse type, while the location had significant effect on the contents of SDF and TDF. Pulses grown in Southern Alberta had significantly higher starch and lower protein compared to Northern regions. Most of the dietary fiber in pulses is IDF, and within each pulse type, variety shows minor effect. Albumin is the major protein of pulses followed by globulin & other. Southern Alberta locations showed relatively higher albumin and lower globulin contents. Variety and location effects on starch properties investigated. Further research is necessary to understand how these variations influence cooking/dry milling quality of winter pulses.
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Pulse Breeding P16 GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF PROTEIN QUALITY IN EDIBLE BEANS WITH ADAPTATION TO MANITOBA. Hou, A.1,*, F. Marsolais2, A. Pajak2, and R.L. Conner1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, 1. Morden Research Station; 2. Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected]) Edible bean seeds have a high protein content, however, the protein quality is considered relatively poor compared with some other crops such as soybean. The key factor limiting the protein quality in edible beans is the sub‐optimal content of sulphur‐containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine. The germplasm line SMARC1N‐PN1 lacks all the major seed storage protein segments, leading to increased total cysteine (up to 70%) and methionine content (about 10%). A cross was made at the Morden Research Station between SMARC1N‐PN1 and the navy bean cultivar ‘Morden 003’. An F2:8 recombinant inbred line population has been generated. The feasibility of improving protein quality while not sacrificing other major agronomic traits in edible beans for production in Manitoba will be investigated.
P17 NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY OF A DIVERSE COLLECTION OF DRY BEAN GENOTYPES SELECTED FROM DIFFERENT MARKET CLASSES IN ONTARIO. Smith, T.H.*, T. Rupert, A.J. Burt, and A. Navabi. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada/University of Guelph Bean Breeding Program. * Presenter ([email protected]) The objective of this study is to examine the response of a diverse collection of dry bean genotypes of various market classes under limited Nitrogen availability. Treatments included 64 genotypes across different market classes tested under two nitrogen levels. Nitrogen‐responsive high yielding genotypes were separated from genotypes with stable yield under low Nitrogen availability. Results offer opportunities for breeding improvements of Nitrogen use efficiency of dry beans.
P18 INVESTIGATING HEAT TOLERANT PEA TRAITS IN CULTIVARS ADAPTED TO WESTERN CANADA Bueckert R.A.*1, T. Warkentin2, and J. Ferdose1. 1. Department of Plant Sciences and 2. Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) Field pea cultivars are heat sensitive and need to be more heat tolerant with imminent global warming. Our goal was to identify how 12 cultivars differed in heat tolerance and sensitivity through flowering pattern and pollen viability. In 2010 to 2012, cultivars were grown in two soil zones in SK at a normal and late seeding date. Daily maximum temperatures >28 degrees C caused flower abortion and occasional young pod abortion. Yield losses were greater in the later seeded plots. In 2012 pollen viability was measured, but all cultivars had similar pollen sensitivity with abnormal pollen tube germination at temperatures > 30 C. The more heat tolerant cultivars achieved better pod retention through early flowering, flowering duration and indeterminate growth.
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P19 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF BREEDING STRATEGIES FOR COMMON BEANS Rajsic, P.*, and A. Weersink Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Guelph *Presenter ([email protected]) We perform a combination an ex‐ante and ex‐post economic analysis using comprehensive yield trial data from the Applied Bean Genomics and Bioproducts Program. The program involves introducing new germplasm and advancing 400 individuals up to F5 generation by field screening and modified bulk and Single Seed Descent selection. This is followed by advancing 4000 plants in head rows and testing for Common Bacterial Blight, Anthracnose, White Mold, Root Rot and Bean Common Mosaic Virus resistance in preliminary and advanced yield trials. To assess the economic tradeoffs involved in modifying the current breeding program, we compare the actual advanced yield trial trait scores per unit cost with simulated scores and costs of introducing early generation marker assisted selection and genome‐wide selection.
P20 LENS TOMENTOSUS BELONGS TO THE LENS CULINARIS ─ LENS ORIENTALIS GROUP IN LENTIL. Tullu, A.*, Saha S., Bett, K. and Vandenberg, A. Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8 *Presenter: [email protected] The genus Lens has been taxonomically classified and reclassified several times based on morphological and molecular markers. L. tomentosus was classified together with the L. culinaris ─ L. orientalis group or as a separate species further away from the primary genepool. Crosses between different wild species help to clarify relatedness and to increase efficiency of mining useful alleles for use in breeding. These crosses resulted in generating hybrid seeds, F2s and recombinant inbred lines. Based on our results from crosses made between L. culinaris and L. tomentosus, we suggest that L. tomentosus belong to the primary genepool as the crossing did not require embryo rescue. Crossing schemes between lentil species and hybrid development will be discussed.
P21 MUNGBEAN CAN BE AN ALTERNATIVE PULSE CROP IN WESTERN CANADA. Bing, D*. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB. T4L 1W1 *Presenter ([email protected]) Six selected mungbean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) genotypes were grown at AAFC Morden Research Station in 2010 and 2011. The six genotypes started to flower at 61 to 67 days from the seeding date and produced mature seeds. However, their yield was significantly different. The highest yielding genotype produced 1924 kg ha‐1, and the lowest yield was 1152 kg ha‐1. There was a significant interaction between year and the genotype. Three genotypes, CH0601, CH0606 and CH0609, had higher yield in 2011 than in 2010, whereas the other three genotypes, CH06011, CH0616 and CH0619, had higher yield in 2010 than in 2011. It was likely that the yield potential of genotypes, particularly CH06011, CH0616 and CH0619, was limited by the shorter growing period in 2011. There was no significant interaction between genotype and seeding date. Early planting produced higher yield, suggesting the longer growing period was favorable for higher yield. Thus, planting mungbean as early as possible in the spring is recommended in this region in order to maximize its yield potential. However, an appropriate planting date should be based on soil temperature. For instance, the earliest seeding date in 2011 resulted in very poor plant emergence. The six genotypes significantly differed in seed size, represented by thousand seed weight (TSW). The largest seed size was 69 g, whereas the smallest seed size was 39 g. The seed size was positively correlated with yield. Therefore, large seeded cultivars should be grown for high yield production. No severe diseases or abnormalities prohibiting mungbean production in Morden, Manitoba were observed in any year. The studies have demonstrated that mungbean can be successfully grown in southern Manitoba. A few identified genotypes can be grown as commercial cultivars or used as breeding materials.
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P22 PERFORMANCE OF MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATE) INTRODUCTION LINES IN SOUTH‐WESTERN ONTARIO. Navabi A.*, T. Rupert, L. Woodrow, and V. Poysa. Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada. * Presenter ([email protected]) Mung bean (Vigna radiate), an excellent source of vitamins and minerals, is native to Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. The objective of this study is to examine the performance of diverse collections of mung bean introduction lines in Ontario with the ultimate goal of releasing new mung bean varieties adapted to the region for a potential niche market. A collection of more than 400 accessions of V. radiata was introduced from multiple sources and was tested in multi‐locations in Ontario between 2009 and 2012. The Introduction lines were tested compared to the Canadian mung bean variety, AC Harosprout, for general agronomics and climatic suitability, first in the field observation nurseries and then in replicated performance trials. This presentation will report the summary of the results and will discuss the potential of mung bean as an alternative pulse crop in south western Ontario.
P23 FAST, RELIABLE, AND CHEAP: CAN RAPID GENERATION TECHNOLOGY DELIVER IT ALL? Luelsdorf, M.M.1, J. Croser2, S. Mobini1, S. Slater1, T. D. Warkentin1 and A. Vandenberg1. 1. University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8 Canada. 2. University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia 6009 *Presenter ([email protected]) In the breeding cycle, the length of time from seed to seed is often a limiting factor in producing homozygous lines. Double‐haploidy can achieve homozygosity in one generation but this technology is neither reliable nor cheap for grain legumes. Rapid generation cycling is an alternative method that minimizes the length of each generation cycle and thus produces up to 8 generations per year (= FAST) depending on the species. Seed set for subsequent generation was over 90% (= RELIABLE) in our lentil, field pea, chickpea, dry bean, and fababean experiments. However, tissue culture in generally is too expensive for routine use in breeding programs. The objective of our project was to decrease the direct cost of this technology and to reduce the amount of labour required while maintaining speed and reliability. The different steps in the protocol were examined to determine where cost cutting measures could be employed. Replacing agar type media with Perlite™, using commercially prepared liquid media, and increasing the planting density considerably cut costs and simplified the protocol. Further improvements may be possible by scaling up the procedure and using larger hydroponic‐type systems.
P24 ACCELERATED IN VITRO FLOWERING IN PULSES BY PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS Mobini, S.*1, M. Luelsdorf1, J. Croser2, T. D. Warkentin1 and A. Vandenberg1. 1.University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8 Canada 2. University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia 6009 *Presenter: [email protected] The effect of combinations of flurprimidol, cytokinin and auxin on in vitro flowering was evaluated in cultivars of pea, lentil and faba bean. Flurprimidol decreased internode length and hastened node development. Using combinations of IAA and zeatin increased frequency of flowering to 90% in faba bean. Combinations of IAA and 4‐Cl‐IAA with adjusted concentrations of flurprimidol resulted in 100% flowering in pea and lentil. Under the ‘best’ conditions, in vitro flowering was accelerated and consequently, immature seed with 85% germination ability was obtained by 46, 49, and 60 days after seeding for faba bean, pea and lentil, respectively. This rapid generation technology allows potential production of up to 6‐8 generations per year in these three pulse crops.
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P25 TRIALING GENETICS IN BROAD AGRO‐CLIMATIC ZONES IN ALBERTA. Hoy, C.M.1, B. Henriquez*1, M.A. Olson1, A. Fedko1, J. Tieulie1, M. Bandara2, A. Kruger2 and R. Bowness3 1. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 2. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Brooks, Alberta, Canada 3. Alberta Agriculture and 8Rural Development, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada *Presenter: ([email protected]) Under this unique business model based on broad collaboration of multiple genetic resources it has been possible for Alberta farmers to obtain focused results that aim at competitiveness and profitability. This project is about facilitating and encouraging registration of the best possible field pea and faba bean varieties for Alberta growers through early testing of the broadest spectrum of genetic materials. The objective of this project is to identify superior pulse varieties suitable for Alberta. The target is to annually test over 300 genetic lines at multi locations. In the first two years, research conducted at the Alberta locations has contributed to (19) field pea and (1) faba bean entries having been recommended for registration. Three field pea [CDC Limerick , CDC Amarillo, Abarth(LN 4206)] and one faba bean [FB 34‐2)] varieties are registered or in the process of being registered for commercialization by collaborating breeders
P26 INVESTIGATING GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT (GxE) INTERACTIONS IN COMMON BEAN IN ONTARIO. Burt, A.J. *, R. Khanal, and A. Navabi. Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada / University of Guelph Bean Breeding Program. *Presenter ([email protected])
Data from 23 years of the Ontario Pulse Committee variety registration and performance trials, comprised of 17 locations and 257 genotypes, with 2 to 8 locations used in any given year was used in this investigation. Site regression analysis (SREG) was performed on each year individually, and the repeatability of 8 locations co‐occurring in SREG groupings was analyzed. Few SREG groupings were found to be strongly repeatable across years, and no relationship between SREG groupings and average environmental conditions was found. Shifted multiplicative model cluster analysis (SHMM) was used on a subset of the data, comprised of 5 genotypes and 56 location‐years. No SHMM clusters strongly represent a single location or multiple locations in a single year. Options for incorporating GxE analysis into variety trial outcomes will be discussed.
P27 ADAPTABILITY AND YIELD STABILITY OF PEA AND LENTIL VARIETIES ACROSS MONTANA Ito, D., C. Chen*, and J. Heser. Montana State University‐Central Agricultural Research Center, Moccasin, MT *Presenter ([email protected]) Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) production in Montana has been rapidly increasing in recent years. Suitable cultivars must be developed or identified for this state with diverse environments and soils to realize the maximum yield and net economic return. This study reports a coordinated statewide dry pea and lentil variety testing from 2009 to 2011. Our objective is to find adaptable varieties with stable yields using AMMI and GGE bi‐plot analysis. Selected commercial varieties and breeding lines of dry pea and lentil were planted at total eight locations across Montana from 2009 to 2011, including 8 commercially available smooth green and yellow pea cultivars, and 12 varieties of different classes of lentils. Both AMMI and GGE analyses are found useful tools for variety evaluation and crop breeding programs in Montana.
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P28 INVESTIGATING GENETIC MECHANISMS OF PARTIAL RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM ROOT ROT ON PISUM SATIVUM L. FOR BREEDING AND CULTIVAR IMPROVEMENT. Bodah, E.T.*, L. Porter, N. Oraguzie, G. Vandemark, and A. Dhingra. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture ‐ Johnson Hall Room 139, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164‐6414 *Presenter ([email protected]) Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is vital to sustainable agriculture around the world as it fixes nitrogen reducing the need for agricultural inputs. It is also a cheap source of protein and nutrients. Fungal root rot cause by Fusarium leads to major yield loss in pea. Different levels of partial resistance to this disease have been identified in the pea germplasm, however much remains unknown. As seed industry, growers and consequently consumers are impacted by low crop production due to root rot disease, pea acreage has been compromised. Our aim is to develop root rot disease resistant pea varieties by identify genes that mediate resistance in resistant cultivars that can then be used as molecular markers for breeding high yielding disease resistant varieties. Our approach involves extensive phenotypic analysis, disease challenge accompanied with transcriptome sequencing and ultimately marker‐trait association, validation and application in breeding.
P29 CHARACTERIZATION OF MYCOSPHAERELLA BLIGHT RESISTANCE, LODGING RESISTANCE, AND MICRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN A FIELD PEA RECOMBINANT INBRED LINE POPULATION Liu, Y.1*, B. Tar’an1, S.Banniza1, A. Sharpe2, and T.D. Warkentin1. 1. Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; 2. National Research Council, Plant Biotechnology Institute. *Presenter ([email protected]) Field pea production in western Canada is negatively affected by mycosphaerella blight and lodging. Improving micronutrient concentration could increase the market value of peas. The objective of this research was the determination of the genetic control of mycosphaerella blight resistance, lodging resistance, and micronutrient concentration using 142 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Carrera and CDC Striker. This population was phenotyped at Saskatoon and Rosthern, SK in 2010 and 2011. A genetic linkage map consisting of 61 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 340 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was generated. The region between SSR markers AA491 and AA278 on linkage group III was identified as harboring QTLs associated with mycosphaerella blight resistance, lodging resistance, zinc and iron concentration. The total phenotypic variation of each trait explained by the QTL was 18.5%, 10.1%, 11.4% and 13.1%, respectively.
P30 PYRAMIDING RESISTANCE TO COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT, ANTHRACNOSE AND BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS IN DRY BEAN. Boersma, J.G.1*, R.L. Conner1, P.M. Balasubramanian2, A. Navabi3, K. Yu3, and A. Hou1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, 1. Morden Research Station; 2. Lethbridge Research Centre; 3. Harrow Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected]) The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is susceptible to several diseases. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams. –Scrib., and common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith), are major diseases in Manitoba. Moderate resistance to CBB exists in the navy bean ‘OAC Rex’. The navy bean ‘Morden003’, has resistance to anthracnose races 73 and 105. Both cultivars and the black bean ‘Black Violet’, are resistant to BCMV. Using conventional and molecular breeding technology, we developed navy beans adapted to Manitoba with moderate resistance to CBB and, good resistance to anthracnose and BCMV. Pinto and black beans resistant to CBB and BCMV, were developed from crosses between ‘AC Pintoba’ and Black Violet with OAC Rex.
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P31 MOLECULAR MARKER‐ASSISTED DISSECTION OF ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE IN THE COMMON DRY BEAN CULTIVAR, ‘MORDEN003’. Boersma, J.G.1*, R.L. Conner1, P.M. Balasubramanian2, K. Yu3, and A. Hou1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada,1. Morden Research Station; 2. Lethbridge Research Centre; 3. Harrow Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected]) Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are susceptible to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams. –Scrib. (ANT). In Manitoba, races 73 and 105 constitute the two primary races present. The navy bean ‘Morden003’ is resistant to both. Previous researchers determined that it carried markers OF10530r and SAS13, linked to the Co‐1 and Co‐4 resistance genes on linkage groups 1 and 8, with a resistance spectrum similar to plants having the Co‐15 resistance gene. Using F2 and F3 populations from the cross Morden003 x OAC Rex, we mapped the resistance genes using existing ANT resistance and core markers. Linkage was found to markers SF10, BM161, SW12700 and SAH181100, associated with the Co‐3 / Co‐9 and Co‐10 loci.
P32 SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO COLLETOTRICHUM TRUNCATUM IN LENTIL OBTAINED BY CYCLES OF SINGLE PLANT SELECTION IN DIVERSE GERMPLASM. Buchwaldt*, L., R. Shaikh, A. Diederichsen, M. Harrington, J. Adam, and R.L. Conner. AAFC, Saskatoon Research centre, 107 Science Place, Sasaktoon, S7N 0X2, SK, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) Anthracnose caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum is a severe disease of lentil causing premature defoliation, wilting and plant death. Screening for resistance of 2350 lentil accessions from 20 different countries was undertaken. Because most accessions were heterogeneous landraces several cycles of inoculation and selfing of selected resistant plants was necessary. Furthermore, since the pathogen population in western Canada consists of two races, Ct0 and Ct1, all accessions were screened separately with isolates representative of the two races. A total of 39 (1.6%) line resistant to race Ct1, and 7 (0.3%) lines resistant to race Ct0 were generated, while only one line was resistant to both races. Seed of these homozygous resistant lines are available from Plant Gene Resources of Canada in Saskatoon.
P33 DEVELOPING SULFENTRAZONE AND FLUTHIACET‐METHYL TOLERANCE IN LENTIL. Pajic, V.1*, F.A.Holm1, K.L. Sapsford1, E.N. Johnson2 and A. Vandenberg1. 1. Department of Plant Sciences/Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan. 2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) Protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor (PPO) herbicides, collectively known as Group 14 herbicides, are used in many other legume crops but not in lentil. This research had two main goals ‐ investigating the potential for use of Group 14 herbicides in lentil cropping systems in Saskatchewan and investigating the potential for breeding Group 14 tolerant lentil varieties. It was determined that sulfentrazone and fluthiacet‐methyl herbicides cause differential damage among existing lentil varieties, indicating possibility for developing minor use registration for specific Group 14 herbicides on specific lentil varieties in specific cropping system applications. Results from genetic improvement investigations trials suggest that considerable genetic variability for reaction to Group 14 herbicides exists among lentil genotypes and it will be feasible to develop lentil varieties with Group 14 herbicide tolerance.
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Genetics & Genomics
P34 COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) VARIETY OAC REX Cooper, D.M.*, Perry G. E. & Pauls, K.P. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected]) Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in Ontario is greatly affected by the bacterial disease common bacterial blight (CBB), which is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap). A binary bacterial artificial chromosome 2 (BiBAC2) genomic library has been created for the first Canadian registered CBB resistant variety (OAC Rex) and was used to identify candidate CBB resistance genes. Candidate genes were characterized and protein sequences and structures were determined to be primarily composed of leucine rich repeats. One of three candidate genes has been isolated and is being transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transform Arabidopsis thaliana and test its role in plant defense.
P35 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN BLACK COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) Diaz‐Castro, E.*, A. Nabavi, and K. P. Pauls. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected])
Common Bacterial Blight (CBB), is a major bacterial disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and is caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. Inheritance of resistance has been studied mostly in navy beans and very little in coloured beans. A population of 140 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross between a resistant black bean (ACUG 11‐B1) and a susceptible black bean (ACUG 11‐B2) and two checks were evaluated in the field at the AAFC station in Harrow Ontario. Phenotyping from one field season show segregation of the population, having a mean of two, from a CBB severity 0‐5 visual scale, where 0 represent no visible symptoms to 5 symptoms greater than 80%, genotyping evaluation is underway.
P36 IDENTIFICATION OF GENES FROM THE PEA‐DOWNY MILDEW PATHOSYSTEM. Feng, J.1, K. F. Chang1, S.F. Hwang*1, S. E. Strelkov2, R. L. Conner3, B. D. Gossen4, and D. L. Mclaren3. 1. Crop Diversification Centre North, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB; 2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta; 3. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada (AAFC), Morden, MB; 4. AAFC, Saskatoon, SK. *Presenter (Sheau‐[email protected]) A cDNA library consisting of 399 expressed sequence tags that represent 207 genes was constructed from field pea leaves infected by the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi, using a suppression subtractive hybridization approach. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed that six genes were of Peronospora viciae f. sp. pisi origin. Gene ontology analysis of the 201 pea genes indicated that eleven shared significant sequence similarities with Arabidopsis genes known to be involved in downy mildew resistance, including the well characterized RPP5, RPP6 and RPP27. Expression analysis of five selected pea genes by real‐time PCR indicated that all five were up‐regulated during downy mildew pathogenesis, suggesting significant roles of these genes in the host response to downy mildew infection.
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P37 GENETIC RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM IN PEA McPhee, K.1 and B. Tashtemirov1, and L. Porter2. 1. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 2. USDA‐ARS, Prosser, WA. *Presenter ([email protected]) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal agent of white mold, can cause severe yield losses in pea. Objectives of this study were to, l) identify accessions of Pisum sativum L. with resistance to S. sclerotiorum, 2) develop a genetic linkage map based on the cross, ‘Lifter’/PI240515 and 3) identify markers linked to quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to white mold. The P. sativum core collection was screened for resistance. Forty‐nine accessions showed lesion expansion inhibition, forty‐one accessions showed nodal transmission inhibition, and thirteen accessions showed both. A genetic linkage map with nine linkage groups was generated. Two QTL were identified and explained 34% and 19% of the phenotypic variation. This is the first report of QTL for S. sclerotiorum resistance in pea.
P38 COMPARING RESISTANCE QTLs FOR BACTERIAL BLIGHT BETWEEN AN ANDEAN AND MESOAMERICAN VARIETY OF P. VULGARIS Perry G.E.1*, M. Shi2, L. Liu2, C. Dinatalle3, D. Cooper1, W. Crosby3, K. Yu2 and K.P. Pauls1. 1. University of Guelph. 2. Agriculture and Agri Food Canada. 3 .University of Windsor *Presenter ([email protected]) Parallel sequencing efforts in Canada and the USA, have resulted in draft sequences for Mesoamerican OAC‐Rex and Andean g19833 and bean lines. OAC‐Rex was developed from an interspecific cross with P. acutifolius to introduce resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB) into beans. Previous studies have identified 4 major QTLs for CBB resistance, associated with markers Pv‐CTT001, UBC420, SU91 and SAP6 on chromosomes 4, 6, 8 and 10, respectively. Sequence comparisons between the 4 loci in g19833, OAC‐Rex and HR67 (another CBB‐resistant line) indicated that the gene order and orientation are generally conserved among the three lines, with OAC‐Rex and HR67 sequences being most similar. The unique genes identified in OAC‐Rex and HR67 may provide insight in to the molecular mechanism of CBB resistance in P. vulgaris.
P39 INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO RACE 73 OF ANTHRACNOSE IN THE NAVY BEAN LINE
ACUG 10‑1. Vazin M.1*, A. J. Burt1, C. Gillard2, K. P. Pauls1 and A. Navabi1. 1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada/University of Guelph Bean Breeding Program; 2. University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus. *Presenter ([email protected]) Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a major disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This research is aimed to study the inheritance of resistance to race 73 of anthracnose in the navy bean line ACUG 10‐1. A population of 126 F4:6 RILs from the cross of ACUG 10‐1 by H4784A‐29844 (susceptible) was evaluated at two locations in anthracnose field nurseries and genotyped with genome‐wide SNP markers. Results of the phenotypic evaluations and the inheritance study using SNP markers will be presented.
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P40 GENOME‐WIDE SNP DISCOVERY AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING OF CBB RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN Zou, X*1, K. Yu2, A. Navabi 2,3, and Y. Cui1. 1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre. 2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre. 3. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected])
A total of 19380 putative SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were discovered through deep sequencing of a reduced representation library from 36 bean lines. Among them, 10999 SNPs belong to Class 1(C/T and G/A), 4161 SNPs belong to Class 2 (C/A and G/T), 2179 SNPs belong to Class 3(C/G), and 2041 SNPs belong to Class 4(A/T). Furthermore, a total of 150 putative SNPs were randomly chosen for validation using HRMA method. Of the 150 candidate SNPs, 139 (92%) contained the predicted SNPs. Meanwhile, a common bean whole genome microarray comparison of global gene expression identified 359 genes that were significantly altered (153 up‐regulated and 206 down‐regulated) in CBB resistant plants over susceptible plants challenged by pathogen Xap (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Phaseoli).
P41 DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL MARKERS AND THE INTRA‐SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPT MAP OF CHICKPEA. Gujaria‐Verma, N1,2*, A. Kumar, P. Dauthal1, P. Hiremath1, A. B. Prakash1, A. Farmer3, M. Bhide4, A. Rathore1, P. M. Gaur1, D. R. Cook5, G. D. May3, and R. K. Varshney1. 1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, A.P., INDIA. 2. current address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. 3 National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, USA. 4 Dr. H S Gour University, Sagar, M.P., INDIA. 5 University of California,
Davis, CA, USA *Presenter ([email protected]) With the objective to develop the first intra‐specific transcript map (ICC 4958 × ICC 1882) of chickpea and identification of drought related root traits, five main approaches were used: (a) Solexa 1Gb sequencing, (b) allele specific re‐sequencing by using homologous and heterologous markers; (c) database mining of ESTs for SNPs; (d) scanning the intronic polymorphism by using conserved intron spanning region; and (e) KASP assays. By using all these approaches, genic molecular markers (GMMs) were generated and a transcript map comprising of 75 GMMs was developed spanning 596 cM of the chickpea genome. Markers and genes associated with QTLs for drought tolerance related root traits will be useful for molecular breeding for drought tolerance in chickpea improvement as well as for genome analysis and comparative legume genomics.
P42 A SNP‐BASED MAP OF THE TEPARY BEAN GENOME. Tesfaye, B.1,3, L. Ramsay2, A.G. Sharpe2, K.E. Bett1. 1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 2. NRC‐Canada, Saskatoon, 3. Hawassa University, Ethiopia. *Presenter ([email protected]) Targeted 3’‐cDNA transcript profiling using 454 sequencing technology was carried out on 6 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and 2 tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) genotypes and SNPs were identified. The level of sequence diversity between the two species was too great to develop SNP assays that would work in both species so a 768‐SNP Illumina GoldenGate array was developed for genotyping in each separately. An F2 population from the cross W6 15578 (P. acutifolius spp. acutifolius) x PI 430219 (P. acutifolius spp. tenuifolius) was genotyped with the tepary array for genetic map development. The resultant gene‐based map of the tepary bean genome and a comparison to the common bean genome will be presented.
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P43 BREEDER‐FRIENDLY SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM (SNP) MARKERS FOR COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L). Zhang B.*, K. Yu, and A. Navabi. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected]) SNP is one of the most frequent molecular markers present in plant genomes. Temperature witch polymerase chain reaction (TS‐PCR) is a robust assay for reliable amplification and genotyping of SNPs. TS‐PCR can be used efficiently by the average bean breeding programs for marker‐assisted selection. High‐resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis is a potentially useful method for fast genotyping and high‐throughput SNP scanning of genomes. The procedure is simple and consists of qRT‐PCR, followed by a short melting step and subsequent analysis. In this paper, we will present the two types of SNP markers we developed for the bean breeding program.
P44 IS AHAS THE ONLY GENE CONTROLLING IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDE TOLERANCE? A CASE STUDY IN CHICKPEA. Thompson, C. L.* and B. Tar’an. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan *Presenter ([email protected])
Weed control in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is challenging because of poor competition ability. Tolerance to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides has been identified, but the genetic inheritance and mechanism for the tolerance is unknown. IMI tolerance is usually caused by a point mutation resulting in amino acid substitution causing a change in the AHAS herbicide binding site. After sequencing AHAS from three IMI tolerant and five IMI susceptible genotypes of chickpea, no clear mutation consistent with the tolerance was found. Cluster analysis of available pulse AHAS sequences shows Medicago truncatula having closest homology and Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris having lower than expected homology to chickpea. This suggests that AHAS may not be the only gene controlling IMI tolerance in chickpea.
P45 MAPPING AND CANDIDATE GENE ANALYSIS FOR FLOWERING RESPONSE IN CHICKPEA. Deokar, A.*1, K. Daba1, L. Ramsay2, A. Sindhu1, K. Bett1, A. Sharpe2, and B. Taran1. 1. Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan. 2. National Research Council‐Plant Biotechnology Institute (NRC‐PBI), 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada. *Presenter ([email protected]) Time of flowering is a major component of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. In order to study genetic mechanism of flowering trait in chickpea, we used a RIL mapping population derived from a cross between early flowering, day neutral genotype, ICCV 96029, and late flowering, photoperiod sensitive CDC Frontier genotype. High‐density genetic linkage map was constructed using more than 900 markers of SNPs, RADs and SSRs. SNP variations within the candidate genes associated with flowering time and photoperiod such as GIGANTEA (GI), Flowering locus T (FT), Late Flowering (LF), Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2A) genes from the ICCV9062 and CDC Frontier were identified and integrated into the current genetic map.
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P46 GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF STORAGE PROTEIN DEFICIENT LINES OF COMMON BEAN. Pandurangan, S.1,2, F. Marsolais1,2*. 1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre. 2. Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario. *Presenter ([email protected])
A series of germplasm lines of common bean integrate a progressive deficiency in major seed storage proteins, phaseolin and lectin. These are encoded mainly at two unique loci. The deficiency is likely to be conferred by deletions at these loci. A combination of approaches is being used to determine the precise composition of phaseolin and lectin isoforms in these lines, including by proteomics, genomic PCR and genomic sequencing.
P47 THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON DARKENING OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.): CHANGES IN POLYPHENOLIC PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY Chen, P. X.1,2*, R.Tsao1, R. Liu1, M.F. Marcone2, and K.P. Pauls3. 1. Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario. 2. Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph. 3. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected]) Secondary metabolites known as polyphenols in beans have important roles in the defense against microorganisms or animals, and in physiology and quality of the seed and plant. They also contribute significantly to human and animal health. Polyphenols such as flavonols have been suggested to play a part in the post‐harvest seed coat darkening (PHD) that occurs during storage of beans such as pinto and cranberry beans, whereby a gradual change in the colour of the seed coat over time represents a decrease in seed quality and consequently a drop in economic value. The present study attempts to examine the complete polyphenolic profile of the common dry beans, to understand the mechanisms and develop a strategy to reduce PHD. This study will also investigate antioxidant activities and other health benefits associated with these polyphenols. Our results showed that kaempferol, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid and their derivatives were the main phenolic compounds in the extract. The effect of these compounds on darkening of the beans will be reported.
P48 FOLATE BIOSYNTHESIS GENES IN COMMON BEAN. Martin, C.J. and K.P. Pauls. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected]) Folates are essential components of human metabolism, and common bean is an excellent source of dietary folate. They contain one‐carbon units that are donated to metabolites involved in processes such as DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. The first draft of an Andean common bean genome was recently released and our group has sequenced a Meso‐American genotype. These sequences and the soybean genome were analyzed for potential folate biosynthesis genes. Putative folate synthesis genes existed in one to two copies, and soybean typically had twice the number of bean copies. Sequences from a database of genetically mapped molecular markers were localized to the common bean genome. Marker order was conserved over large distances when the respective physical and genetic maps were compared.
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P49 ASSOCIATION MAPPING OF SEED PHENOLICS IN DRY BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.). Reinprecht, Y.*1, E. Mann1, T. H. Smith1, L. Woodrow2, and K. P. Pauls1. 1. University of Guelph, Department of Plant Agriculture, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1. 2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, 2585 County Road 20, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0. *Presenter ([email protected]) Dry beans contain numerous nutraceutical phytochemicals, which have a potential to promote human health. They are synthesized by phenylpropanoid pathway but the information about the genes that determine seed phenolic levels is not available. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed phenolics by association mapping with a population of 42 cultivars/lines belonging to different bean market classes. The germplasm was genotyped and analyzed for the levels of seed phenolics. Clustering analysis divided genotypes into Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools. Significant associations of markers were detected for the most of the traits. The identification of key factors in biosynthesis of seed phenolics will facilitate rapid introgression of genes controlling the synthesis of these important secondary metabolites into new dry bean cultivars.
P50 MAPPING OF QTL FOR PHYTATE CONCENTRATION IN PEA RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES Shunmugam, A.*, B.Tar’an, K. Bett, and T.D.Warkentin. Crop Development Centre/Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) Phytate, the storage form of phosphorus in seeds, is not well digested by monogastrics contributing to environmental pollution. The present study is aimed at mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with phytate concentration in a pea recombinant inbred line population (RILs) developed from a cross between low phytate pea CDC 1‐2347‐144, and CDC Meadow. The population was genotyped using a GoldenGate assay and phenotyped using wet chemistry methods. A total of 255 SNP markers were mapped and a QTL associated with phytate concentration was identified.
P51 UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC BASIS FOR CAROTENOIDS IN LENTIL. Thomas, T.*, and A. Vandenberg. Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. *Presenter ([email protected]) Lentils is the sixth largest pulse crop with an annual production of about four metric tonnes in Canada. They have been cultivated since prehistoric time for consumption as they are a good source of protein. Carotenoids act as antioxidants and they enhance the immune system. Little information exists regarding the concentration, biochemical profile and heritability of carotenoids in lentils. The broad objective of this study is to measure the amount and type of carotenoids and to study its genetic basis of variation that may lead for breading lines with high carotenoids. Concentrations of beta carotene and other carotenoids in a wide range of lentil genotypes will be determined using HPLC. QTLs governing carotenoid concentration and cotyledon color will be identified in lentil seeds.
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Pulses & Environment
P52 ISOLATION OF H2‐OXIDIZING BACTERIA FROM LENTIL FIELD. Yang, C.*, C. Hamel, and Y. Gan. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, AAFC, Swift Current, SK *Presenter ([email protected]) Some H2‐oxidizing bacteria isolated from soybean field under subhumid climate were shown to possess growth promoting (PGP) effects. In this study, over 20 bacteria strains with potential hydrogen consumption capabilities were isolated from the rhizosphere of lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars growing in semiarid Saskatchewan, by using selective‐medium based culture method. The hydrogen consumption capabilities of these isolates were examined by Open Flow Gas Exchange System (Qubit Systems Inc. Kingston, ON). Our results showed the existence of H2‐oxidizing bacteria in lentil rhizosphere soil. However, the potentials and mechanisms of growth promotion of these lentil associated bacteria remain to be defined.
P53 THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN LEGUME NODULES ON NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS. Sather, M., J.D. Knight*, and R. Farrell. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. *Presenter ([email protected]). Hydrogen gas is a byproduct of legume biological nitrogen fixation. Hydrogen is thought to create soil conditions favouring denitrification. Legume‐rhizobium symbioses possessing the hydrogenase uptake (HUP+) enzyme recycle most of the H2. When the HUP enzyme is lacking (HUP‐) H2 diffuses into the rhizosphere. The objective of this study was to determine if HUP‐ symbiosis in pea increased N2O production compared to HUP+ symbiosis. Pea was inoculated with HUP+ or HUP‐ Rhizobium leguminosarum. N2O and H2 produced and emitted from rhizosphere and surface soils was quantified. HUP‐ rhizobia in nodules produced significantly more H2 than HUP
+ or un‐inoculated pea roots. However, the increased H2 did not increase N2O emissions from HUP‐ treatments. Instead HUP‐ treatments produced less N2O than controls and HUP
+. H2 from HUP‐ rhizobia may not be linked to increased N2O emissions from legumes.
P54 TEMPORAL DYNAMIC OF NITROGEN RHIZODEPOSITION IN FIELD PEA. Arcand, M.M., R.E. Farrell, and J. D. Knight*. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]).
Completing the N balance of pulse cropping systems requires better quantification of belowground contributions of N. Pea plants were 15N‐labeled to quantify N rhizodeposition at vegetative stage, flowering, and maturity. Recovery of 15N ranged from 83 to 92% with a higher proportion of 15N recovered in the aboveground components. 15N‐rhizosphere enrichment decreased as plants matured, with a concomitant increase in rhizodeposits in the bulk soil, suggesting translocation of root derived N out of the rhizosphere. Belowground plant N comprised 47, 26, and 12% of total plant N at vegetative, flowering, and maturity. At each growth stage, rhizodeposition comprised a higher proportion of belowground N than roots and nodules. Moreover, 82% of total plant N was in the grain at maturity, while 9.6% remained in straw, chaff and roots and 8.4% recovered in rhizodeposits, highlighting the importance of rhizodeposits to the total plant N balance.
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P55 BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION AND nifH GENE EXPRESSION IN DRY BEANS. Akter, Z., N. Z. Lupwayi*, and P. M. Balasubramanian. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected]) Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is reported to be one of the least efficient nitrogen (N2) fixers among legumes. The symbiotic N2‐fixation of 22 diverse dry bean genotypes was screened in the greenhouse under four treatments: (1) un‐inoculated low‐N soil, (2) low‐N with rhizobial inoculant Nitrastick‐D, (3) low‐N with inoculant Nodulator, and (4) high‐N soil. Expression of nitrogenase reductase (nifH) gene of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli in nine of the genotypes from un‐inoculated low‐N soil was also quantified by reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR. The overall results suggested that N2‐fixation varied among the genotypes and between the rhizobial inoculants. Genotypes differed in plant dry weight, shoot N content, number and dry mass of nodules, and N2 fixed. Therefore, the greater diversity in N2‐fixation by bean genotypes can be exploited for breeding and production purposes.
P56 THE IMPACT OF MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS ON THE SUCCESS OF TRIPARTITE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PULSE CROPS, RHIZOBIA, AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI. Biswaray, A.*, F. Walley, and J. Germida. Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5A8 *Presenter ([email protected]) This study investigates interactions in the tripartite symbiosis between pulse crops, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and rhizobia. A growth chamber experiment with field pea (Pisum sativum), together with combinations of AMF and R. leguminosarum P168 was conducted. Root AMF colonization levels were significantly higher when co‐inoculated with R. leguminosarum over AMF alone. The inoculants typically increased shoot N and P concentrations compared to the control although significant differences were not detected. Field trials with lentil and field pea as hosts were conducted during the growing season of 2012, using MYKE® PRO GR (Glomus intraradices), Nodulator®, and JumpStart® (Penicillium bilaie). All treatments were applied with and without 15 kg ha‐1 P2O5. The plants were harvested at pod fill and maturity. Growth parameters, including nodulation and AMF colonization, will be evaluated.
P57 RHIZOBIA INDIGENOUS TO ETHIOPIA EXCEL IN PROMOTING SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM l.) AND LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIC.) Tena, W.*1, 2, E. Welde‐meskel2 and F. Walley3. 1. Debre Berhan University, Department of Plant Science, P.O. Box, 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. 2. Hawassa University, Department of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia. 3. University of Saskatchewan, Department of Soil Science. * Presenter ([email protected]) The study was conducted to isolate, characterize and evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness of selected isolates on different cultivars under greenhouse and field condition in selected locations in Southern Ethiopia. Overall, a total of 104 chickpea and 114 lentil nodulating rhizobia were isolated from soil samples collected from diverse agroecological locations in central and southern Ethiopia. Results from phenotypic characterization of the collection showed that indigenous rhizobia nodulating these pulses in Ethiopia soils constituted physiologically and metabolically diverse groups. Experimentations on greenhouse and farmers field, involving inoculants treatments, indicated that indigenous isolates were superior to imported non‐indigenous inoculants in their symbiotic performance. The results indicate a significant potential to select efficient strains from indigenous and biologically diverse resources to promote nitrogen fixation in pulses among small‐holder producers.
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P58 THE ROLE OF TRIPARTITE SYMBIOSIS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI , RHIZOBIA AND RED BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) ON YIELD, NUTRIENT ACQUISITION AND BIOFORTIFICATION OF GRAINS. Ardakani, M.R.*, and M. Safapour. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph. Young Researchers Club, Arak Branch, Azad University, Iran. *Presenter ([email protected]) It has been assumed that the beneficial effect on N2 fixation by AMF colonization is due to increased supply of P to the nodules by the symbiotic fungal partner and that high levels of available P can duplicate the effect of AMF inoculation. It is very well documented that Mycorrhizal and Rhizobium co‐inoculation improves uptake of nutrients as well as increasing plant’s tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Three cultivars of red bean were Goli (indeterminate), Sayad (semi determinate) and Derakhshan (determinate), Mycorrhiza fungi treatment included no inoculation and Glomus intraradices. Rh. phaseoli treatment was: no application, strain Rb116 and strain Rb133. The interaction of Mycorrhiza × Rhizobium strains Rb133 and Goli cultivar caused higher grain yield. Also, interactions between Mycorrhiza and R. phaseoli strains Rb116 and Goli variety increased grain protein and in R. phaseoli strain Rb116 and Sayad variety levels of Iron and Zinc increased in the grains.
Pulses in Cropping Systems P59 THE EFFECT OF WATERLOGGING AT DIFFERENT PHASES ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY AND NODULATION OF DESI AND KABULI CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM). Worku, W*. Hawassa University, School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia *Presenter ([email protected] ) Chickpea is mainly a rain fed crop, which is exposed to terminal drought stress. Terminal drought could be mitigated by planting earlier. However, this may coincide with heavy rainfall, which creates waterlogging problem. Moreover, global climate change is likely to increase the occurrence of waterlogging and inundation. An experiment was conducted to examine the physiological and agronomic response of desi and kabuli chickpea to severe waterlogging. The desi type maintained consistently higher stomatal resistance against waterlogging during each of the three phases. Number of nodules, root and nodule dry matter were significantly reduced by flowering and seed filling waterlogging but not by vegetative waterlogging. The most sensitive phase for productivity was the flowering phase followed by the seed filling phase.
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P60
EFFECT OF WINTER SOIL AND AIR TEMPERATURE, CULTIVAR, SEEDING DATE AND SEEDING
RATE ON THE SURVIVAL AND YIELD OF WINTER PEA IN DIFFERENT AGRO‐CLIMATIC ZONES OF
SOUTH AND CENTRAL ALBERTA.
Henriquez, B.*1, M. A. Olson1, K. E. McPhee5, R. H. McKenzie2, R, Dunn2, A.Middleton2, P. Pfiffner2, K .Coles6, M. Bandara3, A. Kruger3, D. J. Bing7, D. Beauchesne7 and R. Bowness4. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, 1. Edmonton, AB; 2. Lethbridge, AB; 3. Brooks, AB; 4. Lacombe, AB. 5. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. 6. Southern Applied Research Association, Lethbridge, AB. 7. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, Lacombe, AB *Presenter ([email protected]) To determine the effect of seeding date, seeding rate and pea cultivar on winter pea survival and yield, multiple experiments were established in Alberta. Soil and air temperatures were monitored, survival, stage of plant at freeze up, nodulation, plant height, lodging ratings, yield and seed physical characteristics were determined. While no differences were found between cultivars of winter pea, it was demonstrated that in areas where survival was not diminished by winter, fall planted peas out yielded their spring type varieties. Winter survival was influenced by location and winter harshness as determined by soil and air temperature parameters. Survival was also influenced by seeding date, especially in those areas where survival was strongly diminished as the soil winter temperatures decreased. Seeding rates could be the insurance to attain acceptable crop stand and yields in areas and or years with increased risk of high mortality.
P61 DO CARBON FERTILIZERS INCREASE DRY BEAN YIELDS? Gillard, C.L., C. McCreary*, D. Depuydt and S. Willis. Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected]). In 2009, growers documented significant yield gains from the application of a carbon fertilizer to dry beans in field scale experiments. In response, two commercial carbon fertilizers (MTS and Plant XL) were evaluated in small plot field studies in 2010 and 2011, using 8 dry bean market classes. Environments were selected to provide a range of soil types and environmental conditions. Treatments were evaluated for plant vigour and height during the growing season, and seed weight and yield at harvest.
P62 RESPONSE OF SNAP BEAN GENOTYPES TO NITROGEN AVAILABILITY UNDER DIFFERENT AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES OF ETHIOPIA Mohammed H.1, B.Taran2, F. Walley3, B. Tesfaye*1. 1. Hawassa University, School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; 2. Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan; 3. Soil Science Department, College of
Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) Most snap production in Ethiopia is done under irrigation. To date, only limited information is available on the potential of snap production under rainfed conditions. Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of N sources (100 kg N/ha, rhizobium isolate HB 429 and no nitrogen application) on eight snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars under rainfed conditions at three different agroecologies in southern Ethiopia. There were significant differences among cultivars, locations and N sources in total yield, pod dry matter, pod number, days to flowering and maturity, plant height, leaf area, pod diameter, pod length, nodule number, nodule diameter, nodule dry matter, pod texture, pod appearance, Zn, Fe, Ca, K content and acidity of beans. The results indicated that high quality snap bean production under rainfed conditions in Ethiopia can be achieved through variety selection and application of N fertilizer.
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P63 MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF AM FUNGAL COMMUNITY AND BACTERIA IN ROTATION SYSTEMS WITH ANNUAL PULSES Dai M.*, C. Hamel, and Y. Gan. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Swift Current, SK, Canada S9H 3X2 *Presenter ([email protected]) In this study, the frequency of various rotation crops will be studied in six 4‐year wheat‐based rotations treatments involving three pulse crops: pea, lentil and chickpea and one non‐pulse crop: mustard, with wheat in the final year of the rotation. Each treatment has four replications and the experiment was repeated for a second cycle started in the second year of the study at another site. Roots and rhizosphere soil were sampled at mid‐bloom and sampled rhizosphere soil again at harvest. DNA was extracted from roots and soil samples for the analysis of the AM fungal and bacterial diversity. Fusion primer set AMV4.5NF/AMDGR will be used to amplify AM fungal 18S rRNA region sequence and the primer set 968f/R1401‐1b will be used to amplify the 16S rRNA region sequence of general bacteria. Pyrosequencing of the sequences will be done in multiplex. We will explore the relationship between crop productivity and the composition of the soil microbial community with emphasis on mutualistic and pathogenic microorganisms. We will identify the most productive wheat‐based rotation systems for the Canadian prairie and provide scientific reasons explaining their higher productivity.
P64 EFFECT OF ASCOCHYTA PISI ON PEA Banniza, S.1*, Y. Gan1, T. Warkentin1, R. Morrall2. 1. CDC / Dpt. of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 2. Dpt. of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon *Presenter ([email protected]) Ascochyta blight of pea, a disease complex with up to three pathogens: Mycosphaerella pinodes, Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella and Didymella pisi, remains a major impediment to production in Saskatchewan. Although M. pinodes is the most important pathogen, since 2001 A. pisi has usually been more frequently isolated than M. pinodes from seed harvested in southern Saskatchewan. The economic impact of the pathogen is unknown. The project was initiated to assess the role of seed infection with A. pisi on disease development, and relative yield losses from A. pisi in pea cultivars. Initial data revealed no effect of seed infection on emergence, seedling infection or final disease severity. Only poor control of A. pisi was achieved in “disease‐free” plots.
P65 PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MYCOSPHAERELLA BLIGHT COMPLEX OF FIELD PEA IN ALBERTA. Chang,* K.F.1, S.F. Hwang1,H. Ahmed1, H. Fu2, S.E.Strelkov2, B.D. Gossen3, and G.D.Turnbull1. 1. Crop Diversification Centre North, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB; 2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton; 3. Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada. The mycosphaerella blight disease complex of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) can cause severe yield loss under cool, moist conditions. Fungal isolates were collected from field pea plants showing leaf and stem blight symptoms across central Alberta in 2011 and 2012. Cultural and microscopic characterization on pea agar and malt agar media revealed that 99% of the 275 fungal isolates in 2011 were Mycosphaerella pinodes, 1% (three isolates) were Ascochyta pinodella and there were no isolates of A. pisi. Based on the variation in mycelial colour, conidia size and septation, colony morphology and pycnidial distribution, the isolates of M. pinodes were divided into two groups. Characterization of the isolates from 2012 is in progress.
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P66 IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND HALO BLIGHT RACES PRESENT IN DRY BEAN FIELDS IN WESTERN CANADA Chatterton, S.1, P.M. Balasubramanian1, D.L. McLaren2, R.L. Conner3, and R.J. Howard4 Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, 1. Lethbridge Research Centre, 2. Brandon Research Centre, 3. Morden Research Station, and 4. Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Crop Diversification Centre South. *Presenter ([email protected]) A number of bacterial diseases, including common bacterial blight and halo blight (HB), can impact dry bean production in Western Canada, depending on environmental and host factors. Bacterial diseases are difficult to distinguish, and all are treated with routine preventative copper sprays. The resistance response of dry bean cultivars grown in Western Canada to HB has never been examined because the pathogen races are unknown. Objectives are to assess incidence of multiple bacterial diseases on dry beans in southern Alberta using a multiplex PCR diagnostic assay and determine the prevalent HB races on the Prairies. Future work is planned to evaluate conditions influencing severity of HB, and to test the reaction of dry bean cultivars to the predominant HB race.
P67 EFFECTIVENESS OF TOLERANCE TO APHANOMYCES ROOT ROT FOR REDUCING YIELD LOSSES IN FIELD PEA. Conner, R.L.*1, K.F. Chang2, S.F. Hwang2, T.D. Warkentin3 and K.B. McRae4. 1. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada (AAFC), Morden Research Station; 2. Crop Diversification Centre North; 3. Crop Development Centre; 4. (formerly) AAFC, Atlantic Horticulture & Food Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected])
Root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., is a serious disease of peas (Pisum sativum L.) that can severely reduce seed yield. A four‐year field study was conducted to identify breeding lines with root rot tolerance and to evaluate its effects on plant growth, disease severity and yield. Aphanomyces root rot reduced seedling emergence, biomass production and yield in the susceptible pea genotypes. However, one tolerant line consistently produced relatively high yields. Yield was closely associated with plant vigour and shoot weight. The root/shoot ratio was very low in the tolerant lines indicating that even though their root systems were reduced and severely damaged by root rot, they still produced high yields under favorable conditions for the disease.
P68 DO DRY BEAN MARKET CLASSES RESPOND DIFFERENTLY TO SCN? Gillard, C.L.*, C. McCreary and S. Willis. Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph. *Presenter ([email protected]). In 2011 and 2012, 20 cultivars from 8 dry bean market classes were evaluated for their response to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), and compared to the performance of susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars. In each year, a single environment was selected with moderate to severe pressure from SCN Race 3 based on cyst counts in the soil prior to planting. Generally navy, black and otebo classes were quite tolerant to SCN, cranberry and kidney classes were moderately susceptible and adzuki beans were very susceptible. However a general categorization by market class may not be appropriate, as differences between cultivars within a market class were documented.
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P69 FROM COMMON MATERIALS TO YOUR PLANTS: THE SPREAD OF ANTHRACNOSE (COLLETOTRICHUM LINDEMUTHIANUM) IN DRY BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. ) LeClair, E.1*, C. Gillard1, R. Connor2 and D. Robinson1 . 1. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph 2. Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada, Morden Manitoba. *Presenter ([email protected]) A preliminary study in 2008‐9 demonstrated that anthracnose can be transmitted in a dry bean canopy, using materials such as metal, rubber, leather and denim. To further this work, field studies were conducted in 2012 in Ontario and Manitoba using two concentrations of anthracnose spore culture (105 and 107 spores per ml) and a natural infection source (infected plants). Treatments were applied in a wet or dry canopy of uninfected plants, and were evaluated for the disease transmission at three points along a 10 m row.
P70 MANAGEMENT OF SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM, CAUSAL AGENT OF WHITE MOULD OF BEAN, BY CONIOTHYRIUM MINITANS: DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPRESSIVENESS. McLaren, D.L.1*, R.L. Conner2 and D.W. McAndrew (retired)2. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada, 1Brandon Research Centre. 2Morden Research Centre. *Presenter ([email protected])
Field experiments were conducted in Brandon and Morden, Manitoba from 2006‐09 to evaluate the ability of the hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans, applied for two consecutive years, to reduce the recovery and viability of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil under a bean canopy. Plots treated with C. minitans in the first two years of the study developed a suppressive effect to S. sclerotiorum in year three, but not in year four. Coniothyrium minitans application to soil in the spring of 2006 and 2007 reduced the number of recoverable sclerotia. This effect was also apparent in 2008 with no spring application of C. minitans. Application of C. minitans also increased parasitism of sclerotia in three of four years of the study.
P71 THERMOTHERAPY TO CONTROL SEED‐BORNE DISEASE IN DRY BEAN. Friesen, A.P.*1, C.L. Gillard2, R.L. Conner3 and D. Robinson1. 1. Department of Plant Agriculture Univ. of Guelph, ON, 2. University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus 3. Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Morden Research Station, Morden, MB. *Presenter ([email protected]) Lab studies were conducted to evaluate microwave treatments and their effect on dry bean seed germination, seedling development and control of the seed‐borne disease anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). Successful microwave treatments were then used in field studies in Ontario on a navy and pinto market class. The microwave treatments were evaluated alone and in combination with conventional chemical seed treatments. These field studies were conducted to determine the effect of microwave treatment on disease incidence and severity, crop development and yield.
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P72 THE CONTROL AND REDUCTION OF OCHRATOXIN IN DRY EDIBLE BEANS BY CLEANING AND PROCESSING. Van Dieten, J.D., and D.G. Wilson*. Hensall District Cooperative Inc. Hensall, Ontario, Canada. [email protected] and [email protected] Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin and potential food safety hazard in beans from the production of molds in storage. Beans are dried over 19% moisture and product under 19% moisture goes to storage. Shipment samples of white beans of 16.9 to 18.1% moisture had no OTA when tested by HPLC (LOD 1 ppb). The cleaning of beans by density separation and colour sorting was evaluated. There was OTA present in the un‐cleaned samples (avg. = 3.5ppb). 81.5% of the cull samples had OTA present at elevated levels from 14 to 477 ppb and there was no detection of OTA in the finished samples. The OTA infected beans were removed by density separation (light) and colour sorting (discoloured). In conclusion, moisture levels of shipping samples between 16.9 to 18.1% have no detectable OTA. Therefore, the cleaning process is efficient in the removal of beans contaminated with OTA.
P73 INSECTICIDE EFFICACY AND TIMING STUDIES FOR THE CONTROL OF WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM IN DRY BEANS. Goudis, L.A.1*, C. Gillard2 and R.H. Hallett1. 1. School of Environmental Sciences and 2. Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph *Presenter ([email protected]) The invasion of the western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta (Smith)) into dry bean fields in Ontario is a recent problem and is of growing concern to dry bean producers. In response, studies were initiated to determine the efficacy of six insecticides (lambda‐cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, dimethoate, spinetoram, methoxyfenozide, and thiamethoxam) under artificial inoculation conditions in a field setting. In addition, the efficacy of lambda‐cyhalothrin and chloroantraniliprole was determined at four different timings (4, 11, 18 and 25 days after egg hatch). Results presented will include pod damage during the season, as well as yield, pick, and dockage at harvest.
P74 IMPACT OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODES ON PULSE CROPS IN CANADA Welacky, T.W.* and A. Navabi. Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada, Harrow, Ontario. *Presenter ([email protected]) In Canada, soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, has been a major pathogen of soybeans since the late 1980’s. Evaluations of edible bean varieties in the mid 1990’s indicated slight susceptibility on roots from SCN infestation. After a number of years, extension and agri‐business agronomists anecdotally reported increased root populations of SCN on pulse crops. Investigations of field SCN root infestations of pulse crops from 2006 to present indicated that commercial white beans and pinto beans had 20‐40%, and dark and cranberry kidneys had 25‐60% cyst levels as compared to susceptible soybean check varieties. Greenhouse and field evaluations of the commercial varieties demonstrated a large range in the levels of SCN development on the roots of edible bean varieties. Multiple years of results will be presented which demonstrate that SCN production at the end of the production season resulted in low levels found or similar to resistant soybean checks and in very high numbers as would be found after growing susceptible soybeans. Results will be presented on multiple years of reproduction on edible bean types indicating that the virulence of SCN populations have changed and that management practices to reduce damage in edible beans are warranted in Southwestern Ontario.
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P75 EFFICACY OF FALL AND SPRING APPLICATIONS OF PYROXASULFONE. Laturnus, B.D.*1, L.M. Hall1, E.N. Johnson2, H.J. Beckie2, K.L. Sapsford3,and C.J. Willenborg3. 1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 2. Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada, Saskatoon Research Center, Saskatoon, SK, 3. College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan. *Presenter ([email protected]) Pyroxasulfone, a group 15 herbicide, may provide control of herbicide resistant weeds in peas. Field trials were initiated in fall of 2011 at five sites in Alberta and Saskatchewan to test pyroxasulfone efficacy on wild oats and cleavers in fall and spring applications over a rate range of 50‐400 g ai/ha. At the 400 g ai/ha rate, cleavers biomass was reduced by nearly 88% at Edmonton in the fall application and wild oat biomass was reduced by over 94% at Kinsella in the fall application. Efficacy differences between sites may be due to organic matter or soil moisture differences, however, pyroxasulfone shows the potential to control herbicide resistant weeds.
P76 GROUP 2 (ALS) RESISTANT CLEAVERS (GALIUM APARINE / GALIUM SPURIUM) CONTROL IN FIELD PEAS (PISUM Sp.) Sapsford, K.L.*1, C.J. Willenborg1, E.N. Johnson2, and H.J. Beckie3. 1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sk., 2. Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada, Scott, Sk., 3. Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada, Saskatoon, Sk. *Presenter ([email protected]) The most widely used broadleaf weed control herbicides in peas have been imidazolinone herbicides, which are class of group‐2 (ALS inhibitor) herbicides. Cleavers (Galium spurium) and possibly (Galium aparine) have evolved resistance to this group of herbicides. Research trials have been conducted across Saskatchewan to evaluate herbicides with alternative modes of action. Results showed that sulfentrazone (Authority®), a pre‐emergent soil‐applied herbicide, will control cleavers on soil with less than 6% organic matter. However, weed control has been variable on soils with higher organic matter levels (black soil zone). Therefore, for control of cleavers in the black soil zone we have investigated several pre‐emerge products including saflufenicil (Heat®) and clomazone (Command®) and the post‐emergent product imazamox plus bentazon (Viper®). All of these products had some activity on cleavers but none provided acceptable control.
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List of Participants Participant Institution E‐mail
Ketema Daba Abdi PhD Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Alemayehu Adane MSc Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Murad Al‐Katib President and CEO
Alliance Grain Traders Inc. Regina, SK
G. Harvey Anderson Professor
University of Toronto Toronto, ON
M. Reza Ardakani Visiting Professor
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Susan Arntfield Professor
University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB
Parthiba Balasubramanian Research Scientist (Dry Bean Breeding)
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Lethbridge, AB
Manjula Bandara Research Scientist
Alberta Agriculture Brooks, AB
Sabine Banniza Professor
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Kirstin Bett Associate Professor
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Anthony Biddle Research Liaison
Processors and Growers Research Organisation Peterborough, United Kingdom
Dengjin Bing Pulse breeder
AAFC Lacombe, AB
Anisha Biswaray Graduate Student(Ph.D)
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Eliane Bodah PhD Student
Washingtion State University Colfaz, WA United States
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Jeffrey Boersma Visiting Fellow ‐ Dry
bean breeding
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Morden, MB
Lindsay Bourré Technologist
Cigi Winnipeg, MB
Gina Boux Technologist
Cigi Winnipeg, MB
Robyne Bowness Pulse Research
University of Alberta Lacombe, AB
Kurt Braunwart Owner/Breeder
ProGene Plant Research Othello, WA United States
Tino Breuer General Manager
Ontario Bean Producers' Marketing Board London, ON
Lone Buchwaldt Research Scientist
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saskatoon, SK
Rosalind Bueckert Crop Physiologist
Univ Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Shawn Buhr Director
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Saskatoon, SK
Andrew Burt Post‐Doctoral Fellow
AAFC / UofG Bean Breeding Program Guelph, ON
Crystal Chan Research Project Manager
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Saskatoon, SK
Kan‐Fa Chang Research Scientist
Alberta Agriculture & Rural Development Edmonton, AB
Syama Chatterton Research Scientist
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Lethbridge, AB
Chengci Chen Associate Professor
Montana State University Moccasin, MT United States
Yuming Chen Student Researcher
Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB
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Peter Chen Graduate Researcher
AAFC Guelph Guelph, ON
Karen Cichy Research Plant
Geneticist
USDA‐ARS East Lansing, MI United States
George Clayton Senior Advisor
AAFC Lethbridge, AB
Robert Conner Scientist
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Morden, MB
Denise Cooper Graduate Student
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Paul Cornwell Field Marketer/Seed
Manager
Hensall District Coop Hensall, ON
Mulan Dai Researcher
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Swift Current, SK
Jenny Davidson Pulse Pathologist
SARDI Adelaide, South Australia Australia
Diane DellaValle Research Associate
USDA‐ARS/Cornell University Ithaca, NY United States
Amit Deokar Post‐Doctoral Fellow
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Don Depuydt Research Associate
University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown, ON
Tanya Der Manager of Food
Innovation & Marketing
Pulse Canada Winnipeg, MB
Esteban Diaz‐Castro Graduate Student
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Mike Donnelly‐Vanderloo Executive Director
Ontario Coloured Bean Growers' Association Mitchell, ON
Brad Ewankiw Director, Sustainability
Pulse Canada Winnipeg, MB
Mehdi Farid Graduate Student
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
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Allison Friesen Graduate Student
University of Guelph Ridgetown, ON
Peter Frohlich Technical Specialist
Canadian International Grains Institute Winnipeg, MB
Chris Gillard Assistant Professor
University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown, ON
Lindsey Goudis Graduate Student
University of Guelph Ridgetown, ON
Michael Grusak Plant Physiologist
USDA/ARS Houston, TX United States
Stephen Guy Professor, Extension
Agronomist
Washington State University Pullman, WA United States
Chantal Hamel Research Scientist
SPARC‐AAFC Swift Current, SK
Maria Antonia Henriquez Post‐Doctoral Fellow
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Brandon, MB
Boris Henriquez Senior Pulse Agronomy
Technologist
Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Edmonton, AB
Ratnajothi Hoover Professor
Memorial University of Newfoundland St Johns, NL
Jaret Horner Research Technician
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Anfu Hou Research Scientist
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Morden, MB
Sheau‐Fang Hwang Research Scientist
Alberta Agriculture Edmonton, AB
Sheau‐[email protected]
Laura Jefferies Graduate Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Ambuj Jha Professional Research
Associate
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
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Hongyan Jin Postdoctoral Fellow
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Eric Johnson Weed Biologist
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Scott, SK
Grant Jones Chairman
Ontario Bean Producers' Marketing Board London, ON
Udhaya Kannan PhD Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Felicitas Katepa‐Mupondwa Research Manager
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Saskatoon, SK
felicitas.katepa‐[email protected]
Mojtaba Kaviani Graduate student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Raja Khanal PostDoc
AAFC/University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Diane Knight Professor
Dept. of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Arthur Kruger Senior Pulse
Technologist
Alberta Agriculture & Rural Development Brooks, AB
Breanne Laturnus MSc. Candidate
University of Alberta Edmonton, AB
Erin LeClair Graduate Student
University of Guelph Ridgetown, ON
Yong Liu Research Technician
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Xiaofei Liu MSc Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Yudan Liu Master Student
University of Toronto Toronto, ON
Monika Luelsdorf Research Scientist
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
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Newton Lupwayi Soil Microbiologist
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Lethbridge, AB
Linda Malcolmson Manager, Special Crops,
Oilseeds and Pulses
Canadian International Grains Institute Winnipeg, MB
Frédéric Marsolais Research Scientist
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada London, ON
Christopher Martin Graduate Student
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Marwan Marwan Post‐Doctoral Fellow
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Heather Maskus Project Manager
Cigi Winnipeg, MB
Cara McCreary Graduate
Student/Technician
University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown, ON
Debra McLaren Research Scientist
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Brandon, MB
Kevin McPhee Associate Professor
North Dakota State University Fargo, ND United States
Natalie Mello Masters Student
Dept. of Horticulture, Uni. of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison, WI United States
Perry Miller Professor (Sustainable
Cropping Systems)
Montana State University Bozeman, MT United States
Phillip Miklas Research Geneticist
USDA‐ARS Prosser, WA United States
Saeid H.Mobini Post‐Doctoral Fellow
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Alireza Navabi Research Scientist
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Guelph, ON
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Morgan Nunweiler Chair
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Sasktoon, SK
Donal O'Sullivan Program Leader
NIAB Cambridge, United Kingdom
Vladimir Pajic PhD Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Sudhakar Pandurangan Research Technician
University of Western Ontario London, ON
Jeff Parker Director of Research &
Development
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Saskatoon, SK
Julie Pasche Assistant Professor
NDSU Fargo, ND United States
Subhani Pathiratne Graduate Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
K. Peter Pauls Professor
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Gregory Perry Post‐Doc
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Wylma Pilling Admin Assistant
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Saskatoon, SK
Kristina Polziehn Technical Development
Specialist
BASF Regina, SK
Timothy Porch Research Geneticist
USDA‐ARS Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Carl Potts Executive Director
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Saskatoon, SK
Krista Power Research Scientist
Agriculture and Agri‐food Canada Guelph, ON
Radhika Prabhakaran Post‐Doctoral Fellow
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Saskatoon, SK
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Raja Farhana Raja Mohd Anuar Graduate Student
Dept. of Horticulture, Uni. of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison, WI United States
Predrag Rajsic Postdoctoral Fellow
University of Guelph Kitchener, ON
Dan Ramdath Research Scientist
AAFC Guelph, ON
Larissa Ramsay Bioinformatics Specialist
National Research Council Saskatoon, SK
larissa.ramsay@nrc‐cnrc.gc.ca
Raelene Regier Commercial Seed Manager
Saskatchewan Pulse Growers Saskatoon, SK
Michael Reimer Executive Director
Manitoba Pulse Growers Association Carman, MB
Yarmilla Reinprecht Research Associate
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Dale Risula Provincial Special Crops
Specialist
Saskatchewan Agriculture Regina, SK
Janice Rueda Director of Health &
Nutrition
American Pulse Association Moscow, ID United States
jrueda@pea‐lentil.com
Shayamali Saha Research Assistant
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Damaris Santana Morant Associate Professor
University of Puerto Rico‐Mayaguez Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
Ken Sapsford Research Assistant
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Jeff Schoenau Professor
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Todd Scholz Director of Research &
Information
USA Dry Pea & Lentil Council Moscow, ID United States
scholz@pea‐lentil.com
Shiva Shariati‐Ievari Student
University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB
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Andrew Sharpe Research Officer
National Research Council Canada Saskatoon, SK
andrew.sharpe@nrc‐cnrc.gc.ca
Arun Shunmugam PhD Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Mahbuba Siddiqua Postdoc
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Courtney Simons Graduate Assistant
North Dakota State University Fargo, ND United States
Linnea Skoglund Diagnostician
Montana State University Bozeman, MT United States
Susan Slater Post‐Doctoral Fellow
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Chris Smith Research Manager
University of Toronto Toronto, ON
Tom Smith Research Technician
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Bunyamin Tar'an Plant Breeder
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Wondwosen Tena PhD Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Mario Tenuta Canada Research Chair
University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB
Bizuayehu Tesfaye Research Scientist
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Tina Thomas MSc Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Mark Thompson Research Technician
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Courtney Thompson MSc Student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
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Susan Tosh Research Scientist
Agiculture and Agri‐Food Canada Guelph, ON
Rong Tsao Research Scientist
Guelph Food Research Centre, AAFC Guelph, ON
Mehmet Tulbek Director, Research,
Development & Innovation
Alliance Grain Traders Saskatoon, SK
Abebe Tullu PRF
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Fawn Turner PhD Student
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Praiya Unatrakarn Graduate student
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Albert Vandenberg Plant Breeder
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Thava Vasanthan Professor
University of Alberta Edmonton, AB
Maryam Vazin Graduate Student
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Neha Verma Post‐Doctoral Fellow
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Stacey Wagenhoffer Research Technician
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Jenn Walker Research Officer
Alberta Pulse Growers Leduc, AB
Fran Walley Professor
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Janitha Wanasundara Research Scientist
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Saskatoon, SK
Ning Wang Research Scientist
Canadian Grain Commission Winnipeg, MB
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Kun Wang Graduate student
University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB
Rebecca Ward Principal Technical
Officer
Processors and Growers Research Organisation Peterborough, United Kingdom
Tom Warkentin Plant Breeder
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Tom Welacky Field Crops Biologist
Agriculture & Agri‐Food Canada Harrow, ON
Steve Willis Ag Technician
Huron Research Station Exeter, ON
Dan Wilson Quality Assurance
Manager
Hensall District Cooperative Hensall, ON
Gail Wisler National Program
Leader
United States Department of Agriculture Beltsville, MD United States
Walelign Worku Research Scientist
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
Weilong Xie Research Associate
University of Guelph Guelph, ON
Chao Yang Research Affiliate
AAFC‐SPARC Swift Current, SK
Kangfu Yu Research Scientist
Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Harrow, ON
Kevin Zaychuk Business Development
Manager
Alberta Pulse Growers Leduc, AB
Gordon Zello Professor
University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK
BaiLing Zhang Research Technician
AAFC Harrow, ON
Xiaolu Zou Postdoctoral Fellow
Southern crop protection and food research centre London, ON
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