BIOTIC

INPUT

ABIOTIC

OUTPUT

PROFIT

System components Analysis & Process Design

PROCESS (Design

&management)

SYSTEM analysis to increase Biosystem Productivity (PROFIT ) by Engineering and Management DESIGN of biotic and abiotic factor , to increase output and minimize input .

SYSTEM DESIGN TO INCRESE productivity

• Measurement and Monitoring of parameters

• Abiotic and Biotic factors

• Input and Output variables

• Management intervention

• Structural intervention

Incr

ease

pro

ductiv

ity o

ften m

eans

incr

ease

profit

( $$

$)

Intervention to system

• Structural Intervention

• Redesign of physical environment

• Build new infrastructure

• New engine• Installation of barrier• Generally for

ABIOTIC factor

• Management Intervention

• Rescheduling of processing time

• Better monitoring • Organize the worker

Generally related to BIOTIC factor.

METHOD IN PROFIT MAKING($$$). BIOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY.

( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

OUTPUT

INPUTReduction

BIOTIC ABIOTIC

ABIOTIC Factors LimitationBiotic factors

limitation

Processing limitation

Input Limitation

METHOD To increase PRODUCTIVITY. Analytical framework for system design and

Improvement.( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

MAX OUTPUT

MIN INPUT

Crop biological potential

Good Infrastructure, climatic control

PROCESSING LOST

COSTLY

Efficient processing

ABIOTIC Factor Limiting

BIOTIC Factor Limiting

METHOD To IMPROVEME SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

ROLE OF WATER MANAGEMENT.( SIMPLIFIED SOLUTION.)

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

OUTPUT

Water ManagementProblems

INPUT

Crop biological potential

Good Irrigation & Drainage Infra.

Inadequate Basic plant Water Requirement

Yield limit due wet condition

WATER COST

Minimize Water use

Harvest on hot/dry days

WATER the most Limiting factor to Plant growth ( Primary Productivity)• Without water no Photosynthesis, no life.• In Plant growth adequate water must be

met to ensure optimum growth• Availability of water is express in term • Soil moisture ,meeting full plant

requirement• Inadequate water lead to Plant Stress • Referred as Abiotic stress or

Environmental Stress

Soil moisture ,meeting full plant requirement

• Meeting potential transpiration

• If PAW is inadequate transpiration is suboptimal so is growth under stress.

• Relationship Transpiration ( T)

• and Yield [Y]( Biological Productivity, Dry Matter)

Relationship T & Y

• Ypot = Tpot

• Yact= Tact

• Yact/Ypot= Tact/Tpot.

• Yact = Ypot (Tact/Tpot)

• Reduction in Yield = ( 1- Tact/Tpot)

Evapotranspiration

• Evaporation from soil surface of crop area

• And Transpiration from the crop

Under field condition

Yield [Y] ~ Evapotranspiration [ ET]

Ypot ~ET pot

Yact ~ ET act

Yact/Ypot = ETact/ ETpot

• Yact = Y pot ( ETact/ETpot)

• Ypot- Yact = 1- ETact/ETpot)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

HARI SELEPAS TANAM

PE

RA

TU

S H

AS

IL P

OT

EN

SI

AIR CUKUP TAMPANG BUNTING

MASUK ISI KESEMUA

Yield Reduction due to Water Deficit

Non Limiting

Grain Filling

Booting

Vegetative

All stages

Structural Intervention in High Density Mango Orchard by introduction of micro irrigation

To reduce crop water stress.

Yield Component Analysis

• Output = yield• Immediate input to yield is the COMPONENTS

to make up the Yield.

• Yield component analysis shows components limiting the potential yield due to abiotic stress.

• Objectives :to redesign the production process to increase final harvest (Yield) by input manipulation.

Yield Component Analysis

• Yield = mass / unit area;

• mass/ unit time;

• volume / time or area

• Example:

• Rice (grain) 10 ton/hectare ( 10 t/ha)

• kg/m2,

Yield Component Analysis

No of Plant / unit Area ( m2)= A

No of panicles / plant = B

No of fruit /panicles = C

Average weight of fruit (kg) = D

Yield = AxBxCxD = Ykg/m2

Yield /ha = 10000 Y

[ 10000m2 = 1 ha.

A

B

Yield sample Area

Yield Component Analysis

SIMPLIFIED YIELD ESTIMATE: RICE

Number of Panicles /unit area= A

Average Grain Wt /panicles (kg) = D

Yield = AxD = Ykg/m2

Yield /ha = 10000 Y

[ 10 000m2 = 1 ha.]

A

D= Grain weight /panicles

Yield sample Area