prof.dr.ir. erik heeres
DESCRIPTION
KIMIATRANSCRIPT
04/22/23 | 1
Prof.dr.ir. Erik Heeres
Green Chemical Reaction Engineering
University of Groningen
Fast Pyrolysis Technology forUpgrading Palm oil Processing Waste.
|Date 25.06.2010
Content› Introduction: global challenges
› Fast pyrolysis Characteristics Product properties
› Case study: Fast pyrolysis technology for Empty Fruit bunches
› Conclusions
› Acknowledgment
|Date 25.06.20104
Challenge: growing energy consumption › Increase due to
• Population growth• Higher welfare
levels
• The highest annual growth of energy consumption is predicted for Asia (3.7%), NON-OECD countries (3%) and Central and South America (2.8%). The lowest annual growth of energy consumption is predicted for Europe with 1%.
|Date 25.06.20105
Issues related to the use of fossil resources
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› (easily accessible) fossil supplies are running out• Peak oil
› Ever increasing and volatile oil-prices
› Geo-political considerations
› CO2 emissions; global warming
|Date 25.06.20106
Solution: a biobased economy› A biobased economy uses biomass as input
and converts it to a wide range of value added products with a minimum of energy input and maximum product output (no waste), preferably using closed cycles.
› Agriculture beyond food
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Biomass application platformsHigh T
platformCombustionGasification
Pyrolysis
Low T platform
Pre-treatment/hydrolysis
FermentationSeparation in
fractions
Secundary conversions
Heat and Power
Transportation fuels
Biobased Chemicals
Biobased Performance
materials
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First and higher generations biofuels› First generation:
• proven technology; applied on large scale• Feedstocks often directly compete with food• Biodiesel from most PPO, bioethanol from
starch/sugars
› Second generation• Still in demonstration phase, not full commercial• Uses preferably non-food or residues as feed stock• Bioethanol from woody biomass, fast pyrolyis oil,
waste PPO
› Third generation• Far from inplementation, small scale demo• Algae
|Date 25.06.20109
Pyrolysis principle
Non-condensable gases
Pyrolysis oil
Char
|Date 25.06.201010
Interest in pyrolysis10-05-2009 | Environmental Impact Assessment for new pyrolysis plant
BTG Bioliquids BV is going to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment for their planned pyrolysis factory at the premises of AkzoNobel in Hengelo (The Netherlands). The pyrolysis plant will convert wood into oil.
The factory will also deliver excess steam to AkzoNobel and generate electricity that will be supplied to the Dutch grid. Conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment ('MER' in Dutch) is mandatory by law.
The factory will process 5 tons of wood per hour, which will be converted to oil, steam and electricity. The installation will be constructed on a commercial basis. BTG has built a pyrolysis unit in Malaysia in 2005, and is already operating a pilot unit in their laboratory for more than 10 years. The new plant in Hengelo is going to be the largest pyrolysis unit in Europe and the largest functioning plant in the world.
www.senternovem.nl/gave_english/nieuws
|Date 25.06.201011
Interest in pyrolysisFortum invests EUR 20 million to build the world's first industrial-scale integrated bio-oil plant
PRESS RELEASE 7 March 2012
Fortum is to invest about EUR 20 million in the commercialisation of new technology by building a bio-oil plant connected to the Joensuu power plant in Finland. The integrated bio-oil plant, based on fast pyrolysis technology, is the first of its kind in the world on an industrial scale.
The bio-oil plant, which will be integrated with the combined heat and power production plant (CHP) in Joensuu, will produce electricity and district heat and in the future also 50,000 tonnes of bio-oil per year. The bio-oil raw materials will include forest residues and other wood based biomass
|Date 25.06.201012
Characteristics Fast Pyrolysis
› Aiming for high liquid yields
› Temperature between 400-550C
› Short vapour residence times
› Rapid cooling of vapours
› High heating and heat transfer rates required• Important for reactor design• Small biomass particles
› Oxygen free atmosphere
|Date 25.06.201013
Pyrolysis products
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Slow pyrolysis Fast pyrolysis Gasification
GasCharWaterLiquid organics
Adapted from Bridgwater
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Pyrolysis Process BTG
From:http://www.Dynamotive.com
|Date 25.06.2010
Fast pyrolysis oil characteristics15
› High oxygen content (up to 50%)
› Immiscible with petroleum products
› Limited stability upon heating and storage (coke formation, repolymerization)
Pyrolysis oil compositionC (wt%) 40.1H (wt%) 7.6O (wt%) 52.1Moisture (wt%) 23.9
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Applications of crude pyrolysis oil
Combined heat and powerDiesel engine
Co-firing power plants PerformanceChemical
Other option: upgrading to gasoline/diesel substitute
|Date 25.06.2010
A case study:Empty fruit bunch valorisation by fast pyrolysis
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Background
http://www.pwc.com/id/en/publications/assets/Palm-Oil-Plantation-2012.pdf
|Date 25.06.201019
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6 M ton CPO in Riau/annum
6.5 M ton EFB in Riau/annum
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Current Usages Main Constraint
1. Incineration to recover ash Generating excessive air pollution
2. Fuel for boiler High moisture content and low heating value
3. Raw material for MDF board Residual oil and high silica content in EFB
4. Raw material for pulp and paper Short fiber length – board strength and folding endurance drop
5. Return to plantation (mulching) High transport/labour cost, affected by weather(soil)
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From Waste to Value
• Solution - convert EFB into fast pyrolysis oil
• Advantages - Oil transportable / storable - Oil 20 x denser than EFB (in GJ/m3) - Readily use as industrial fuel (power, boiler, engines and
turbines)- ‘Green’ electricity qualified as renewable energy- Huge quantities of biomass in Indonesia - Process flexibility to feed stock
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Shredder
Feeder
Bunch Press
Green Oil Process Plant
Dryer
Empty Fruit Bunches
Green Oil
The process
Heat
65% 50 - 55%
< 10%
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Ayer Itam
Demo unit Malaysia (BTG/Genting)
KL
Singapore
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Photo’s building
Photo’s pyrolysis
Photo’s pre-treatment
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Achievement
Process• 1.5 t/hr operation on dried EFB• reliable operation daily basis (roughly 10 t/d)• water content to vary in between 25 and 30 wt.%• yields around 55 - 65 wt.% (30 wt.% water)
Production • approx. 800 ton• 150 ton ‘off-spec’
Specifications for bio-oilspec meas
LHV GJ/t > 15 16 - 17water content wt.% < 30 20 - 30ash content wt.% < 0.05 0.2 - 0.4solids content wt.% < 0.1 < 0.4Density kg/m3 >1,100 1,050 - 1150Homogenity % top - bottom < 5 % < 10 %pH - - 3.4viscosity cP < 100 25 - 100
|Date 25.06.2010
Conclusions› Fast pyrolysis oil is a very versatile second
generation biofuel; actually may be seen as a green crude oil alternatives
› Valorization of empty fruit bunches succesfully demonstrated at a 2 ton/h scale in a demo unit in Malaysia
› Upgrading of fast pyrolysis oil by hydrotreatment has enormous potential to obtain gasoline/diesel substitutes
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Acknowledgements› BTG, Enschede
R. Venderbosch B. van der Beld
› RUG F. Mahfud J. Wildschut A. Ardiyanti Y. Wang
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University of Groningen