production yields of light short lived isotopes at saraf

Production yields of light short lived isotopes

at SARAF

Dan Berkovits, SOREQ NRCMichael Hass, The Weizmann Institute

With much help from Sergey Vaintraub

Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 26/6/2006

Talk content:

IntroductionProduction yield calculationProposals for experimental setup

14,15O6He


Project (2005-2007) aim

A feasibility study for a RIB facility and proposals for a relatively low cost RIB apparatus at SARAF, in order to enlarge experimental nuclear science infrastructure and promote the research in the field in Israel.


SARAF is a multi-application facility based on a 40 MeV p / d / H2

+ 2 mA linac

Only a small fraction of the beam time can be devoted for RIB low costSignificant contribution to front end nuclear science using the unique beam characters of SARAF


First direct reaction yield calculations

Texas A&M 104 8B @ 8 MeV/u Triumf 8x108 8Li @ 1.5 MeV/u

40, 2 Proton

40, 2 Deuteron

40, 0.2 Alpha

Energy current (MeV,mA)

Target

product Yield(a/s)

product Yield(a/s)

product Yield(a/s)

He6 5.09E+11 Li8 1.56E+13 Li9 4.18E+08Li7 Be7 1.27E+13 Be7 1.59E+13 Be10 1.90E+11Be7 9.62E+11 Li8 3.32E+09 Be10 5.40E+08 Be7 3.63E+08 C11 3.89E+10B8 2.34E+11 Be11 6.50E+05 C14 2.96E+10C10 1.76E+10 B8 4.72E+08 N13 4.46E+08C11 3.13E+13 B12 5.90E+12 O14 5.51E+09N11 2.21E+08 C11 6.68E+12 O15 6.37E+11N12 1.86E+12 N12 2.58E+11

C12 N13 9.31E+12

Compare to:


Highest interest candidates and production schemes for RIB in SARAF

1. Direct reaction14N(d,2n)14O14N(d,n)15O

2. Two-stage production9Be(d,xn) 9Be(n,α)6He


14O (t1/2=70.6 s)

15O (t1/2=122.2 s)


3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10

111213

14

C (6)N (7)

O (8) F (9)

Ne (10)Na (11)

Mg (12)

Very Hot CN(O)-Cycle

still “beta limited”

T9 ~ 0.3 T1/2=1.7s

3α flow

Breakout

processing beyond CNO cycleafter breakout via:

3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10

111213

14

C (6)N (7)

O (8) F (9)

Ne (10)Na (11)

Mg (12)

3α flow

T9 >~ 0.3 15O(α,γ)19Ne18Ne(α,p)21NaT9 >~ 0.6

Downloaded from: H. Schatz www.nscl.msu.edu/~schatz/PHY983/Notes/rp_process.ppt

CNO cycle breakout

14O(α,p)17F

http://www.nscl.msu.edu/~schatz/PHY983/Notes/rp_process.ppt


Neutron Star

Donor Star(“normal” star)

Accretion Disk

Mass accretion from a companion into a white-dwarf or neutron star

Understanding X-ray bursts

Understanding Red Giant to White Dwarf mass transfer

http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/~maliotta/teaching/movies/novae_accretion.mov


Cross section calculation benchmark

14N(d,n)15O

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Deuteron energy (MeV)

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

6(2003-fit)Alice1(98)2(90)3(77)4(69)5(85)EmpireII


Production of 14O via (p,n)

Exp.: Kovacs, Radiochimica Acta 2003

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Proton Energy (MeV)

Cro

ss S

ectio

n (m

b)

0.0E+00

3.0E+11

6.0E+11

9.0E+11

1.2E+12

1.5E+12

Yie

ld (a

tom

s/se

c) (p

er 2

mA

p)

CS [mb]CS FitAlice Yield [at/s]

14N(p,n)14O half-life of 14O is 70.6 sec and not included in yield calculations


Production of 14O via (d,2n)

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Cro

ss S

ectio

n (m

b)

0.0E+00

8.0E+11

1.6E+12

2.4E+12

3.2E+12

4.0E+12

Yie

ld (a

tom

s/se

c) (I

nten

sity

2m

A)

AliceEmpireIIAlice Yield [at/s]EmpireII Yield [at/s]

14N(d,2n)14O

Alice

Empire II


Yield as function of projectile

0.0E+00

8.0E+11

1.6E+12

2.4E+12

3.2E+12

4.0E+12

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Projectile Energy (MeV)

Yie

ld (a

t/s) (

per 2

mA

p)

(p,n)

(d,2n)

H2 2*(p,n)

14N(projectile,xn)14O

(p,n)

(d,2n)

H2 => 2p => 2*(p,n)


Production of 15O

0

50

100

150

200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Cro

ss S

ectio

n (m

b)

0.0E+00

6.0E+12

1.2E+13

1.8E+13

2.4E+13

Yie

ld (a

tom

s/se

c) (I

nten

sity

2m

A)

AliceEmpireIIAlice Yield [at/s]EmpireII Yield [at/s]

14N(d,n)15O

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Proton energy (MeV)C

ross

Sec

tion

(mb)

0.0E+00

8.0E+12

1.6E+13

2.4E+13

3.2E+13

4.0E+13

Yie

ld (a

tom

s/se

c) (I

nten

sity

2m

A)

AliceAlice-fitYield [at/s]

16O(p,pn)15O

GANIL: 2x107 @ 1.2 MeV/u pps

Alice

Empire II


14O setup in SARAFCombined driver-post accelerator

p, d ion source

20 MeV/u, M/q=2 linac

Existing 2010

80 kW Li jet

stripper

Highly charged

ion sourceRIB

experimental area

d+ and 14O7+

beam

14O8+

Oxygen chemical analysis

CO gas

high resolution mass spectrometer

d+

Deuterium gas

80 kW production

target

14N(d,2n)14O


14O transmission

10-4 [1] >0.5 [3]

0.9 [2]

[1] J. Powell et al. NIM B 204 (2003) 440

[2] SARAF CDR RFQ specified value

[3] Stripping probability

p, d ion source

20 MeV/u, M/q=2 linac

Highly charged

ion source

80 kW Li jet

stripper

80 kW production

target

14N(d,2n)14O

RIB experimental

area

d+ and 14O7+

beam

d+

14O8+

Oxygen chemical analysis

CO gas

Deuterium gas

high resolution mass spectrometer


Combined driver-post acceleratorSuitable for other isotopes too, depending on the on-line chemistry and charge breeding efficiency.


6He (t1/2=807 ms)

Two-stage production9Be(d,xn) 9Be(n,α)6He9Be(d,xn) 9Be(n,2n) 9Be(n,α)6He


Motivation for 6He (1)

Halo nuclei – nuclear structure physics

Wang PRL 2004


Motivation for 6He (2)“β-beam” – neutrino oscillations

BenediktEPAC2004

Optimization of production and

extraction mechanism

6He 6Li e-ν18Ne 18Fe+ν

Production of an intense collimated neutrino (anti neutrino) beam directed at neutrino detectors via β decay of accelerated radioactive ions


McLaughlin and Volpe

Phys. Lett. 2005

Motivation for 6He (3)Neutrino magnetic moment – standard model

Giomataris, hep-ex/ 0303045 2003

Daraktchieva et al. Physics Letters 2005

Reactor neutrinos• High background• Poorly-known spectrum


6He production (n,α) cross section

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2 4 6 8 10

neutron energy (MeV)

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b) Bass 1961Savilev 1958Stelson 1957Stelson 1957MCNP

9Be(n,α)6He


Li target adapted from P. Grand and A.N. Goland, NIM 145 (1977) 49, under development for SARAF by M. Paul et al.

Two stage production scheme

Li

1 cm

2 mA80 kW

L=5 cm D=5 cm

R=5 cm

9Be

fast n

Primary targetSecondary target

7Li(d,xn)

9Be(n,α)6He

9Be(n,2n)8Be

Li

1 cm

2 mA80 kW

L=5 cm D=5 cm

R=5 cm

9Be

fast n


7Li(d,xn)

9Be(n,α)6He

9Be(n,2n)8Be


n flux in the secondary target (SARAF)

0.0E+00

5.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.5E-03

2.0E-03

2.5E-03

3.0E-03

3.5E-03

4.0E-03

4.5E-03

5.0E-03

0 10 20 30 40 50

neutron enrgy (MeV)

n flu

x pe

r ini

tial n

(1/c

m2 )

total0-1 cm4-5 cm9-10 cmx

y

z

(0,0,0)

10cm

5cm Ben-Source

MCNP

K. Lavie

100% natural density


flux cross section overlap

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 5 10 15 20

n energy (MeV)

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

0.0E+00

5.0E+11

1.0E+12

1.5E+12

2.0E+12

2.5E+12

3.0E+12

3.5E+12

n flu

x pe

r 2 m

A d

(s-1

)

9Be(n,2n)

9Be(n,α)6He

n in Be target


Preliminary MCNP 6He yield simulation

0

5E+12

1E+13

1.5E+13

2E+13

2.5E+13

2 3 4 5 6

Be target radius (cm)

6 He

yiel

d (a

tm/s

)

D=5 cmD=10 cm

Simulated by Keren Lavie

Assuming:

1. a source target of solid Beryllium in place of liquid Li.

2. Secondary Be target at natural density.

Li

1 cm

2 mA80 kW

L=5 cm D=5 cm

R=5 cm

9Be

fast n


7Li(d,xn)

9Be(n,α)6He

9Be(n,2n)8Be

Li

1 cm

2 mA80 kW

L=5 cm D=5 cm

R=5 cm

9Be

fast n


7Li(d,xn)

9Be(n,α)6He

9Be(n,2n)8Be


Production rate comparisonAvailable for

experiment (6He/s)Production rate (6He/s)

Ref.Site

3x1011 *2.4x1013This workSARAF8x10116.3x1012[i]Beta-beam9x107[ii]Ganil-SPIRAL

1.5x105[iii]Dubna-DRIB9x1065 x109[iv]Louvain-la-Neuve

[i] P. Zucchelli, "A novel concept for an anti−νe/νe neutrino factory: the beta-beam", Physics Letters B 532 (2002) 166–172. [ii] F. Chautard, SPIRAL Radioactive ion beam intensities, updated May (2005),

http://www.ganil.fr/operation/available_beams/radioactive_beams.htm[iii] YU.TS. OGANESSIAN, "DRIBs: The Dubna Project for Radioactive Ion Beams", (2000). [iv] M. Trotta, et al, "Large Enhancement of the Sub-barrier Fusion Probability for a Halo Nucleus", Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(2000)2342. Nature 2004.

* 3x1011assuming transmission efficiency as in [i]


Next step in simulation

Optimization:By adding a Be reflectorAs function of Be target density (~10%)Including construction metalsAs function of L, D and R

L D

R

Be reflector

10%


MCNP simulation in the Be amplifier of the neutron radiography camera

Calculated by M. Caner

Deuteron

beam

Be

D2O 5 cm6He/s (1013)

Be ring

0.74inner1.35central1.13outer3.22Total

Production rate

He flow 6He out

2 mA

40 MeV


6He preliminary setup I in Sarafexcluding a post-accelerator

p, d ion source

40 MeV d linac

80 kW thermal n camera

9Be(d,xn)RIB

experimental area

d+Existing 2010

9Be(n,α)6He


6He preliminary setup II in Sarafexcluding a post-accelerator

p, d ion source

40 MeV d linac

80 kW thermal n camera

9Be(d,xn)RIB experimental

area

d+Existing 2010

mass spectrometer

9Be(n,α)6He

Ion source


Production of other isotopes

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

0 5 10 15 20


Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

11B(n,p)11Be11B(n,a)8Li

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

0 5 10 15 20


Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

19F(n,p)19O19F(n,a)16N

( ) ]/[107.1 8138 sLiLidtdN

⋅=

Analytical calculation


Production of other isotopes

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

0 5 10 15 20


Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

23Na(n,p)23Ne23Na(n,a)20F

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

0 5 10 15 20


Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

b)

27Al(n,p)27Mg27Al(n,a)24Na


END

production yields of light short lived isotopes at saraf

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