production of high temperature superconducting tapes ... · - chemical vapour deposition (cvd) -...
TRANSCRIPT
Moving towards the future of
power engineering
Production of High Temperature Superconducting Tapes Enhanced by Computational Thermochemistry GTT-Technologies Workshop, June 29th-July 1st , 2016
Martina Falter
Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH
Heisenbergstr. 16
53359 Rheinbach
outlook
Deutsche Nanoschicht
Superconductivity
2G HTS tapes
Expanded Pilot Production Line
Project ELSA
summary
Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH
- Founded November 2011 by Dr. Michael Bäcker
- Management-buy-out of former HTS wire group of insolvent Zenergy Power GmbH
- Located in Rheinbach, Germany
- Operational since January 2012
- 50 employees (chemists, physisists, enigneers, technicians, worker)
- Expertise in HTS wires, chemical solution deposition, ceramic functional layers, ink-jet-printing, epitaxial growth
- BASF Future Business GmbH involved as strategic partner
Proprietary and confidential 3
Superconductors – Huge Current Carrying Capability
Breaking paradims in electro technology
Superconductors conduct electricity with no resistance – enabling 2 key properties:
- 100% Efficiency : No losses – resulting in a dramatic reduction on CO2
- 100x Capacity : Dramatic reduction in material use
Proprietary and confidential 4
Proprietary [5]
Sector Application End Products
Renewable Energy
Power Generation
Hydro, Wind
Smart Grid Transmission & Distribution Fault Current Limiters
Industrial Machines Power Conversion Induction Heater
3 Energy Sectors
outlook
Deutsche Nanoschicht
Superconductivity
– High Temperature Superconductors (HTS)
– Anisotropy and critical parameters
2G HTS tapes
Expanded Pilot Production Line
Project ELSA
summary
YBa2Cu3O7-
Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8
Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10
TlBa2Ca2Cu3O10
HgBa2Ca2Cu3O10
Y-123
Bi-2212
Bi-2223
Tl-1223
Hg-
1223
92
84
110
125
133
compound TC (K)
commercial
potential
Ba-La-Cu-O
compound: J.
G. Bednorz, K. A.
Müller, Z. Physik, B
64 (1986) 189
77 K
Ba-La-Cu-O
High Temperature Superconductors
High Temperature Superconductors
- Challenges in materials
Proprietary and confidential 8
Complex ceramic oxides: YBa2Cu3Ox
Complex layered cristalline structure
Strong anisotropic behaviour
Superconducting current: parallel CuO-planes >> perpendicular CuO-planes
Layered microstructure similar to “graphite or mica”
E: CuO planes
JII >> J
JII: current parallel to CuO plane
J: current perpendicular to CuO plane
Polycrystalline, non orientated
all CuO planes have to be
parallel orientated
JII
J
Anisotropy in HTS materials
Second Generation (2G) HTS
- HTS Architecture – textured epitactic crystal growth
10
Statistically oriented crystals template
+
Hochorientierte kristalline Schicht
Zweite Generation (2G) HTS Leiter
- HTS Architecture – textured epitactic crystal growth
11
AFM–analysrs of a Ceriumoxide buffer layer
High Temperature Superconductors
- Critical parameters
Proprietary and confidential 12
outlook
Deutsche Nanoschicht
Superconductivity
2G HTS tapes
Expanded Pilot Production Line
Project ELSA
summary
Protective metal layer:
silver, gold, copper
Superconductor layer:
YBa2Cu3Ox ,REBa2Cu3Ox
Buffer layer:
MgO, ZrO, GZO, YSZ, Y2O3, CeO2, LZO,
STO
Metal alloy substrate:
Hastelloy, NiCroFer, Ni-alloy
Layer architecture of (2G) HTS tape
Proprietary and confidential
Deposition Processes
- Chemical solution deposition (CSD)
- Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)
- Physical vapour deposition (PVD)
15
PVD
MOCVD
CSD / MOD
evaporation deposition
evaporation decomposition +
deposition
deposition +
drying
decomposition +
crystallisation
Layer architecture of (2G) HTS tape
Process Technology
- Ceramic multi-layer architecture on metallic substrate
Proprietary and confidential 17
Epitaxial (orientated) growth of ceramic functional layers on textured metallic substrate
CSD process for both buffer and HTS
layer
"all-solution" Coated Conductor
- Chemical solution deposition is considered to be the "most promising and most challenging process"
- Advantages:
- highest throughput (deposition rates)
- lowest investment
- lowest energy consumption
- low raw material costs
– Main disadvantage:
CSD processes only yield polycrystalline /
untextured films
Proprietary and confidential
"all-solution" Coated Conductor
Enhancement by Computational
Thermochemistry
Proprietary and confidential
3.9 Å 3.9 Å
3.5 Å 3.5 Å
SrTiO3 film SrTiO3 film
Ni substrate Ni substrate
Biaxially aligned substrate forces an epitaxial growth of the subsequent deposited layers
"all-solution" Coated Conductor
Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor at Deutsche Nanoschicht
NiW
CSD processes normally result in untextured growth
biaxially textured substrate required
"all-solution" Coated Conductor
Proprietary and confidential
Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor at Deutsche Nanoschicht
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Buffer layers for
• texture transfer
• Nickel & Oxygen diffusion barrier
Special requirements for CSD processes:
• chemically inert
• low lattice mismatch
"all-solution" Coated Conductor
Proprietary and confidential
Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor at Deutsche Nanoschicht
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
HTS layer:
• TFA YBCO route
• single or multi-layer deposition
"all-solution" Coated Conductor
Proprietary and confidential
Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Metallic substrate
- Ni-5at%W, 0.06x10mm²
- cold deformation > 95% and subsequent annealing
- yield highly textured metal tape with average tilt angle of crystals < 5°
cold deformation annealing slitting
Basic processes
Proprietary and confidential
Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Coating solution La-, Zr-, Ce-acetylacetonates in propionic acid
Drying 200°C, air
Crystallization 1000°C, N2/H2
Buffer layers
Basic processes
Proprietary and confidential
Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Coating solution
Y-, Ba-, Cu-trifluoroacetates
in Methanol/Triethanolamine
Drying
Crystallization
Superconducting layer
Oxygenation
Basic processes
Proprietary and confidential
Standard architecture for all-solution Coated Conductor
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW 1x LZO 2x LZO CeO2
View along <100>
Texture analysis: RHEED
Proprietary and confidential
Length & Performance
Continuous processing: reel-to-reel devices
- >15 continuous processes / reel-to-reel devices
- RTR concept proven for all processes
All devices in-house designed and assembled
Ink-jet printing of coating solutions
Slot die of coating solutions
Proprietary and confidential
Processing of all-solution Coated Conductor
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW Continuously processed
multi-buffer-layer
Length & Performance
Proprietary and confidential
Expanded pilot line
- EPL construction until end 2015
- Planned capacity > 200km technical HTS wire
- Start sampling for projects mid 2016
30
Lab processing Expanded Pilot Line
Proprietary and confidential
Process Technology
- Chemical solution deposition
Advantages:
• highest throughput (deposition rates)
• lowest investment
• lowest energy consumption
• low raw material costs
31
favourable for energy applications
Continuous coating and annealing
Proprietary and confidential
100 m tape length, 10 mm wide
Current density 1.7 MA/cm2
Superconducting properties of all-solution Coated Conductor
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Length & Performance
Proprietary and confidential
Performance
- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years
- Sample lengths increased from 5m (2018) towards >50m (2015)
33
Ic [
A/A
cmw
]
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Proprietary and confidential
ELSA - "Entwicklung von SupraLeitern mit SchichtArchitektur"
"Development of Superconductors with Layer-Achitecture"
Consortium This work was funded by the German Ministry of Economy (BMWi) under project number 0327433
Project ELSA (2006-2010)
Highlights
Quaternary phase diagram for
Yttrium - Barium - Copper - Oxygen
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights
Oxygen on sub-lattices in YBa2Cu3O(6+x)
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic'
Orthorhombic''
Project ELSA
Y123O6.5 Site occupancy
0.00E+00
1.00E-01
2.00E-01
3.00E-01
4.00E-01
5.00E-01
6.00E-01
7.00E-01
8.00E-01
9.00E-01
1.00E+00
200 400 600 800 1000
T/K
sit
e f
racti
on
O O_1
O_2
O_3
O_4
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights
Full calculation in FactSage
Project ELSA
Highlights Superconducting layer:
Explanation of experimental results
YBa2Cu3O(6+x)
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights Superconducting layer:
Explanation of experimental results
Local stoichiometry
deviation before crystallization
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights Superconducting layer:
Explanation of experimental results
Strong tendency to secondary phases
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights Superconducting layer:
Explanation of experimental results
Higher phase purity by YBa1.5Cu3O(6+x)
starting composition
YBa2Cu3O(6+x)
Development of MOD-based Processing for Low Cost Coated Conductors; T. Izumi; CCA 2009; International Workshop on Coated Conductors for Applications; 2009 Barcelona
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights
layer interaction
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Upper limit for p(O2)
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights
layer interaction
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
Highlights
layer interaction
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
lower limit for p(O2)
Project ELSA
Proprietary and confidential
YBCO Nucleation at the Interface
Proprietary and confidential 45 BaCeO3 is the most stable phases
Performance
- Development with industrial partners over nearly 10 years
- Sample lengths increased from 5m (2018) towards >50m (2015)
46
Ic [
A/A
cmw
]
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Proprietary and confidential
100 m tape length, 10 mm wide
Current density 1.7 MA/cm2
Superconducting properties of all-solution Coated Conductor
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Length & Performance
Proprietary and confidential
HTS tapes
– HTS materials enable new and highly efficient energy applications
– Chemical solution deposition is considered to be the "most promising and most challenging process" for HTS tapes
– Computational thermochemistry for interpretation of experimental results and for lowering experimental efforts in high temperature crystallization processes
Summary
Moving towards the future of
power engineering
Thanks for your attention
Martina Falter
Deutsche Nanoschicht GmbH
Heisenbergstr. 16
53359 Rheinbach
www.d-nano.com
Proprietary and confidential 50
Process Technology
- Ceramic multi-layer architecture on metallic substrate
Proprietary and confidential 51
Process Technology
- Ceramic multi-layer architecture on metallic substrate
Proprietary and confidential 52
Superconducting layer 500-1000nm
Buffer layer
250nm (3 layers)
Textured metallic substrate 60µm
Process Technology
- Ceramic multi-layer architecture on metallic substrate
Proprietary and confidential 53
Epitaxial (orientated) growth of ceramic functional layers on textured metallic substrate
Process Technology
- Chemical solution deposition
Proprietary and confidential 54
Process Technology
- Epitaxial growth
Proprietary and confidential 55
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW
Process Technology
- Epitaxial growth
Proprietary and confidential 56
YBCO
CeO2
LZO
NiW 1x LZO 2x LZO CeO2
View along <100>
WP6 - Characterization of tapes by IEE
57
torsion-bending capability of D-Nano tape is comparable with SuperPower tape
torsion-bending experiment
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
0,002 0,003 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,007 0,008
Ic /
Ic s
trai
ght
[-]
former diameter [m]
SuperPower - 30 deg
SuperPower - 45 deg
SuperPower - 55 deg
SUNAM - 30 deg
SUNAM - 45 deg
SUNAM - 55 deg
D-nano - 30 deg
D-nano - 45 deg
D-nano - 55 deg
Nucleation at the interface
Proprietary and confidential 58
Proprietary and confidential 59