production and market of carp in eu - figures and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Production and market of carp in EU - figures and analysis
4th International Carp Conference 2017 , 21. – 22. September, Zagreb, Croatia
Andrzej Lirski Krzysztof Hryszko
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD ECONOMICS National Research Institute
Some words about carp image
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• Common carp is one of the most important fish species for world aquaculture with an annual production of about 3.8 mln tons (about 5.7% of global production in 2012).
• Common carp is appreciated and consumed in several countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
• Common carp is a fish with relatively high fat content and numerous bones.
• Common carp is mainly consumed at home, the preferred individual weight is 1.5-2.5 kg.
• In most European „carp” countries common carp is a traditional Christmas dish. For instance in Poland around 80% of carp is sold in December.
• Common carp is traditionally bought live and prepared at home. This is a problem for young generations of consumers, who prefer fish already processed and easy to prepare.
The role of carp in European aquaculture
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Species value % value
Salmon 855 936 [21,3%]
Trout 561 378 [14,0%]
Gilt-head seabream 541 724 [13,5%]
Oyster 446 092 [11,1%]
Seabass 438 777 [10,9%]
Mussel 411 792 [10,3%]
Bluefin tuna 183 472 [4,6%]
Clam 174 460 [4,4%]
Carp 148 442 [3,7%]
Turbot 66 982 [1,7%]
Top 10 species in aquaculture in the European Union [2013]
Source: European Commission, Facts and figures on the Common Fisheries Policy. Common Edition
Species volume %
volume % volume of fish
Mussel 405 654 [33,5%]
Trout 183 444 [15,1%] [27,3%]
Salmon 172 679 [14,3%]
Gilt-head seabream 110 150 [9,1%]
Oyster 92 609 [7,7%]
Carp 79 473 [6,6%] [11,8%]
Seabass 77 470 [6,4%]
Clam 30 000 [2,5%]
Bluefin tuna 11 642 [1,0%]
Turbot 9 360 [0,8%]
[volume in tonnes live weight and percentage of total] [value in thousands of EUR and prercentage of total]
de gustibus non est disputandum… There is no disputing about tastes…
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More than 5.6 million citizens from 10 EU Central-Eastern European countries have migrated to the "old" EU market. Over 30 percent of them (almost 2 million) are Poles. They have created new carp markets in those countries.
Source: CEED Institute
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Share of carp in production and value of cyprinid fishes in selected EU countries
Country Share in cyprinid production Share in cyprinid value
Poland 94 96
Czech Rep. 96 97
Hungary 84 91
Germany 100 100
France 100 100
Romania 56 72
Lithuania 95 93
Bulgaria 56 70
Average EU 88 92
In the group of "cyprinid fishes" in addition to the basic species, common carp, statistics also show the production of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and crucian carp.
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Structure of the freshwater aquaculture [1]
Structure of the freshwater aquaculture in EU countries [% value]
Source: FAO data
79% 79% 81% 81%
79% 81%
20% 19% 17% 18% 20%
18%
1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Other aquaculture Carp Other cyprinid fishes
Structure of the freshwater aquaculture [2]
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Carp Other cyprinid fishes Other aquaculture
Structure of the freshwater aquaculture in EU countries in 2014 [% value]
Source: FAO data
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Production of common carp in EU [2015]
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[th
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Kraj thous. tonnes % of
Czech Rep. 17,86 25,1 Poland 17,75 24,9 Hungary 10,73 15,1 Germany 4,92 6,9 Romania 4,35 6,1 France 4,00 5,6 Lithuania 3,67 5,2 Croatia 3,40 4,8 Bulgaria 2,67 3,7 Austria 0,62 0,9 Latvia 0,55 0,8 Slovakia 0,26 0,4 U. Kingdom 0,16 0,2 Italy 0,13 0,2 Slovenia 0,13 0,2 Greece 0,03 0,0 Spain 0,02 0,0 Total EU 71,21 100,0
Source: FAO data
Germany 2004 2006 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
16,04 10,58 9,63 5,08 5,52 5,70 5,29 4,92
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Export of common carp and other cyprinid fishes in EU
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40
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mln
EU
R
[th
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volume value
Country thous. tonnes
[2015 r.] % of
Czech Rep. 9,28 53,8 Hungary 3,13 18,1 Croatia 2,23 12,9 Lithuania 0,96 5,6 Poland 0,78 4,5 Bulgaria 0,45 2,6 Belgium 0,09 0,5 France 0,09 0,5 Romania 0,08 0,5 Italy 0,04 0,2 Germany 0,04 0,2 Latvia 0,03 0,2 Denmark 0,03 0,2 Other countries 0,03 0,2 Total EU 17,26 100,0
Source: FAO data
In the last twelve years, cyprinid fishes trade has been on the rise. There were two acceleration periods: Years 2008 - 2011 Year 2015
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Import of common carp and other cyprinid fishes in EU
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[th
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Country thous. tonnes
[2015 r.] % of
Poland 6,24 32,7 Germany 3,83 20,0 Romania 1,82 9,5 U. Kingdom 1,47 7,7 Hungary 1,19 6,2 Slovakia 1,10 5,8 Czech Rep. 1,07 5,6 Austria 0,70 3,7 France 0,51 2,7 Italy 0,43 2,3 Latvia 0,24 1,3 Belgium 0,19 1,0 Other countries 0,32 1,7 Total EU 19,11 100,0
Source: FAO data
* In the case when import volume in a given country is lower than the volume of exports reported to that country, the higher value (sum of exports) is takes into consideration, when a reverse case occurs the lower value is considered, ie.: import volume reminds unchanged.
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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
[th
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Cyprinid fishes market capacity in EU [thous. tonnes]
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Country 2004-2006
2007-2009
2010-2012
2013 2014 2015 2015
% 2015 2004-2006 =100
Poland 19,64 19,93 20,14 22,86 24,25 24,69 125,7% 28,8 Hungary 11,35 12,66 11,56 10,87 11,95 11,55 101,8% 13,5 Czech Rep. 10,43 10,78 11,07 9,99 10,96 10,47 100,4% 12,2 Romania 5,49 9,56 7,60 9,27 9,38 9,91 180,5% 11,6 Germany 16,54 13,49 10,26 8,91 8,52 8,71 52,7% 10,2 Bulgaria 1,15 2,28 2,51 5,96 4,06 5,02 436,5% 5,9 France 4,57 4,61 4,62 4,73 4,52 4,42 96,7% 5,2 Lithuania 1,74 2,26 2,04 2,61 2,81 2,98 171,3% 3,5 Croatia 2,28 2,30 2,24 2,18 1,96 1,77 77,6% 2,1 U. Kingdom 0,14 0,21 0,97 0,90 1,13 1,63 1164,3% 1,9 Slovakia 1,82 1,41 1,37 1,39 1,41 1,37 75,3% 1,6 Austria 1,07 0,96 1,22 1,35 1,26 1,36 127,1% 1,6 Latvia 0,81 0,82 0,74 0,73 0,72 0,77 95,1% 0,9 Italy 0,54 0,39 0,46 0,40 0,54 0,52 96,3% 0,6 Other EU 0,83 0,62 0,60 0,48 0,50 0,43 51,8% 0,5 Total EU 78,37 82,30 77,39 82,62 83,96 85,60 109,2% 100,0
Cyprinid fishes market capacity in selected EU countries [thous. tonnes]
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Consumption of cyprinid fishes in EU countries [kg/per capita]
Country 2013-2015
Hungary 1,16 Czech Rep. 1,00 Lithuania 0,95 Bulgaria 0,69 Poland 0,63 Romania 0,48 Croatia 0,46 Latvia 0,37 Slovakia 0,26 Austria 0,16 Germany 0,11 France 0,07 Slovenia 0,07 U. Kingdom 0,02 Estonia 0,02 Average EU 0,17
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Monthly household consumption of selected fish products [average per capita – product weight]
Frozen fish Fish fresh or chilled Fish dried, salted or smoked
December is the most important
month for fish products trade and
carp is the main „shareholder” of
this market.
Seasonality of fish sales in Poland [Poland]
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Wholesale prices of common carp in EU
1,5
1,8
2,1
2,4
2,7
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
[EU
R/k
g]
Croatia Czech Rep. Germany HungaryLithuania Poland Average EU
Source: FAO data and own calculation based on Narodowy Bank Polski
60%
After 2010, differences of wholesale prices between EU countries increased. In 2015 prices amounted 60%, whereas in 2009 the difference was 13%. The average wholesale price of common carp in EU in the period of 2009-2015 was 2.04 EUR/kg
13%
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Price setting factors of the Polish carp market
y = -0,3971x + 15,475 R² = 0,6443
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wh
ole
sale
pri
ces
[PLN
/kg]
production [thous. tonnes]
correlation coefficient [-0,80]
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PLN
/kg
import prices [PLN/kg] wholesale prices [PLN/kg]
correlation coefficient [0,93]
Production increase results in wholesale carp price reduction
Prices of imported carp follow the wholesale prices of domestic one and are lower by 20-30%
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• The production of cyprinid fish in EU aquaculture in 21st century is relatively stable and amounts to about 80 thousand tones. Carp represents on average 87.7% of this volume and 92.5% of its value.
• Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary dominate the production of carp with 68% market share in recent years.
• The value of sold aquaculture cyprinid fish in the EU in years 2004-2014 increased by 6.7%, to about 175 million EUR.
• In 2015 three countries - the Czech Republic, Hungary and Croatia with a share of around 85% definitely dominated the export of cyprinid fishes on the EU market. Poland, Germany and Romania covered 62.4% of total imports.
• The increased growth of carp production in the EU requires the increase of carp consumption, especially in the exporting countries. There is a need to create a well managed common carp market with consistent strategy. The strategy should include solutions of the problem of losses caused by piscivorous animals, fish diseases, environmental fees, profitability and aqua-environmental compensation.
Conclusions
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Thank you for your attention