product introduction and basic concept

Product Introduction and Basic Concept

Product Introduction and Basic Concept

ContentsContentsBasic Concepts of DAQProduct Introduction and Select GuideTypical ApplicationsConclusion

ContentsContentsBasic Concepts of DAQ

– Explain what is DA&C– I/O Product Interface– Architecture of DA&C– Fundamentals of DAQ– Specifications & Functions

Product Introduction and Select GuideTypical ApplicationsConclusion

DA&C SystemsDA&C Systems

DA&C stands for Data Acquisition & ControlIs used for lab research, test & measurement, andindustrial automationHaving proper results from DAQ system depends on- Sensor- Signal Conditioning- DA&C Cards- PC- SoftwareAs PC continuously improved, DAQ systems can take advantage of PC’s enhanced capability

ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) BusISA (Industry Standard Architecture) BusDefined by IBM and it is also called AT BusEasy to designTransmission data rate: 8.33 X 2 = 16.66 MHz-low speedPnP not supportedOnly 16 bit supportConfigured by hardwareBecause the performance and transfer quality are worse than PCI bus, it is replaced by PCI, AGP, and USB interface gradually

ISA Series Card Example: PCL-818HGISA Series Card Example: PCL-818HG

100 kS/s, 12-bit ISA Multifunction Card

Main Features• 16 single-ended or 8 differential analog inputs• 12-bit A/D converter, with up to 100 kHz

sampling rate• Programmable gain• Automatic channel/gain scanning• Onboard FIFO memory

(1024 samples, PCL-818HD/HG only)• 16 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs• Onboard programmable counter

PCI BusPCI Bus32-bit standard bus width, max transfer rate of 133 Mbytes/sExpansion to 64 bits with a max transfer rate of 266 Mbytes/sSupports 5V and 3.3V power supplies - Universal BusOperating frequencies from 0MHz to a maximum of 33 MHzMultiplexing of address and data bus reducing the # of pinsConfiguration through software and registers32- and 64-bit cards can be installed in 64 and 32-bit slots

Benefits of PCI BusBenefits of PCI Bus

Multiple bus masters on the same busAuto-configuringIRQ sharingHigh bus bandwidthSupport multiple function cards

PCI Series Card Example: PCI-1710HGPCI Series Card Example: PCI-1710HG

Main Features• 16 single-ended, 8 differential or combo analog inputs• 12-bit A/D converter, with up to 100 kHz sampling rate• Programmable gain• Automatic channel/gain scanning• Onboard FIFO memory (1024 samples)• Two 12-bit analog output channels• 16 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs• Onboard programmable counter• BoardID™ Switch

100 kS/s, 12-bit, PCI-bus, High Gain Multifunction Card

CompactPCI InterfaceCompactPCI InterfaceDefined by PICMGIt is electrically a superset of desktop PCI with a different physical form factor. CompactPCI utilizes the Eurocard form factor popularised by the VME bus. Defined for 3U (100 x 160 mm) and 6U (160 x 233.35 mm) sizes32 bit-133MB/s, 64 bit-266MB/sSupports up to 256 PCI busExcellent shock and vibration characteristicsUser I/O connections on front or rear of moduleStaged power pins for Hot Swap capability

MIC Series Card Example: MIC-3714MIC Series Card Example: MIC-3714

Main Features• 12-bit A/D converter up to 30 MS/s• 4 single-ended analog input channels• Programmable gain for each input channel• 32 K samples on board FIFO memory per

channel• 4 A/D converters simultaneously sampling• Multiple A/D triggering modes• Programmable pacer/counter

30 MS/s Simultaneous 4-ch Analog Input Card

USB InterfaceUSB Interface

USB (Universal Serial Bus)Most common computer port todayConnect up to 127 peripherals (with hub)Plug & Play

USB 1.1 (Since 1996)12 Mbps for high speed devices 1.5 Mbps for those need much less bandwidth

USB 2.0 (Since 2002)480 Mbps data transfer rate => 40 times faster

USB Series Card: USB-4622USB Series Card: USB-4622

5-port USB 2.0 HubMain Features 5 downstream USB 2.0 ports Compatible with USB 2.0/1.1/1.0 480Mbps high-speed data transfer LED indicator Suitable for DIN-rail mounting Lockable USB cable 10~30VDC power input (power adapter not included)

Advantages: When PC shuts down suddenly, the connecting module could still maintain the state as preset (ex:: USB-4711A AO still outputs 2.5V)

PCI-Express InterfacePCI-Express Interface

Supply up to 70W power– no more power supplyMulti-layer communication– high speed data transfer

Single way Double way1X 250MB/s 500MB/s2X 500MB/s 1GB/s4X 1GB/s 2GB/s8X 2GB/s 4GB/s

16X 4GB/s 8GB/s

DA&C SystemsDA&C SystemsDA&C System

A/I & D/I & Counter

A/OD/O

A/D & MUX

SamplingPC-base DAQ Cards

Output Control

Display &Programming

Desktop PC, Notebook

TC, RTD, ThermistorStrain Gauge

AmplificationAttenuationMultiplexing

FilteringIsolation

Relay, Actuator

Detection Sensor Signal Conditioning

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CSensor: Thermocouple- The most popular transducer for temp. measurement - Relative temperature measurement- Made of 2 different metals- Measure voltage generated by 2 dissimilar metals- Needs cold junction compensation (CJC)

C

C

A

B+

-B

Thermocouple

Cold Junction

Vmeas

ΔT TCJC

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CSignal Conditioning: Isolation- This improper grounding may even damage the system- Isolation signal conditioner can prevent the problem

SignalSource

MeasurementDevice

SignalSource

MeasurementDevice

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CSignal Conditioning: Filter- Filter rejects unwanted noise within certain frequency- Lowpass filter can prevent signal aliasing

LowpassFilter

Time domain

Frequency domain

Time domain

Frequency domain

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CSignal Conditioning: Amplification/Attenuation- Real-world signals are often very small or large in magnitude, which needs amplifier or attenuator to better match the range of ADC

- Besides, an amplifier can improve signal-to-noise ratio

10 mV signalAmplifier

10 V signal

-5V

5V

-5V

5V

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CAnalog Input: Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)- ADC can convert analog data to digital data by Sample & Hold and Quantization

- Resolution and sampling rate are key factors of AI

Analog Data Sample & Hold Quantization Digital Data

AD Converter

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CAnalog Input: Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)- The no. of levels is 2resolution

1LSB = Range/ 2resolution

– Ex: 8bit→20V/256=0.08V=80mV

*LSB: Least Significant Bit

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CAnalog Input: Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)- Higher resolution of ADC results in better quantization

3-bit resolution 4-bit resolution

000001010011100101110111

Vref

0000

1111

. . . . . .

1110

0001

Vref

Quantization error

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CAnalog Input: Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)- Higher sampling of ADC results in better conversion

Sample = N/T

000001010011100101110111Vref

Sample = 2N/T

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&C

Precision Accuracy

Good Precision

Good Accuracy

Bad Accuracy

Bad Precision

Fundamentals of DA&CFundamentals of DA&CAnalog Input: Multiplexer (MUX)- Digitizer is typically the most expensive component- By multiplexing, many channels can share one ADC

Amplifier A/D Converter

Ch. 0

Ch. 7

Ch. 8

Ch. 15

MUX. . . . .. . . . .

System DA&C Card Signal

• Voltage Signal

• Signal from sensor or transducer

• Thermocouple

• Analog value (ex. 1.234)

• Graphic TrendAnalog Input or

Multi-Function Card

ISA, PCI, and USB Series

Analog InputAnalog Input

DAQ Card ArchitectureDAQ Card Architecture

MUX ADC

CPU

FIFO

PCI Bus

Pacer Clock

AMP

Channel

GainResolution

Software Polling

Pacer Rate

External Trigger

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsSpecifications of Analog Input- Number of channels- Input mode: Differential or Single-Ended- Polarity: Unipolar (0~10V) or Bipolar (+/- 5V)- Input range, gain- Resolution: 12-bit, 16-bit- Data transfer mode: Polling, Interrupt, DMA- Sampling rate (Share or Independent)- Trigger Clock: Pacer, Software, External- FIFO size

Isolated Analog Input Card(PCI-1713, PCI-1715)

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsAnalog Input: Input mode- In SE mode, voltages are referenced by the same GND - In DIFF mode, the combination is fixed (ch0 & ch1, ch2 & ch3, …, ch14 & ch15).

- The no. of channel in DIFF mode will be half in SE mode- Some cards allow mixed input mode

Single Ended Differential

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsAnalog Input: Trigger clock- Software trigger:Acquire data through software command

- Internal pacer trigger:Continuous high-speed data acquisition

- External trigger:Synchronous sampling with external devices

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsAnalog Input: Sampling rate- Most cards uses only one ADC for multi-channel=> sampling rate is shared by channelsex: PCI-1711 has AI with max. sampling rate of 100kS/s

for single-ch. sampling, max. sampling rate is 100kHz/ch

for ch0~3 sampling, max. sampling rate is 100kHz/ 4 = 25kHz/ch

- PCI1714/UL uses 4 ADC for 4 channel=> The spec. 30MS/s and 10MS/s are for each channel

No need to divide the sampling rate by channel no.

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsAnalog Input: Data transfer mode- Software polling transfer:▪ Foreground operation▪ Can’t have fixed-frequency sampling

- Interrupt transfer:▪ Background operation▪ CPU is interrupted once for many sampling▪ Up to 200kS/s (USB-4716)

- DMA transfer:▪ Background operation▪ Data is transferred directly to the memory▪ For PCI cards, DMA-BM mode is adopted▪ Up to 30MS/s (PCI-1714)

DLL Driver Programming (ADDMABM)DLL Driver Programming (ADDMABM)

Operation Principle

1. One non-cyclic AI sampling contains 2 BufChange Events2. If data is not transferred to User Buffer, overwrite of data may happen3. Size of User Buffer should be large than or equal to Conversion Buffer

OnBoard1k FIFO

ConversionBuffer

UserBuffer

PCI bus

DMA-BM

BufChangeEvent

FAITransfer

System DA&C Card Signal

• Voltage Signal

• Current Signal

• To do flow rate controlling

• To generate a wave

• To drive a servo -motor

• Analog value (ex. 1.234)

• Slider or KnobAnalog Output or

Multi-Function cardISA, PCI, and USB series

Analog OutputAnalog Output

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsSpecifications of Analog Output- Number of channels- Polarity: Unipolar or Bipolar- Resolution: 12bit, 14bit, 16bit- Data transfer mode: Software, DMA - Output mode: Static update or Waveform output (PCI-1712, PCI-1721)- FIFO size

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsAnalog Output: Data transfer mode- Software polling transfer:▪ Foreground operation▪ Can’t have fixed-frequency update of AO

=> Static update

- DMA transfer:▪ Background operation▪ Data is transferred directly to FIFO▪ For PCI cards, DMA-BM mode is adopted▪ Up to 10MS/s (PCI-1721)

• Voltage Signal

• Push button

• Dry contact

System DA&C Card On /Off

• Boolean Logic

• IndicatorDigital Input Card


Digital InputDigital Input

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsSpecifications of Digital Input- Number of channels- Input level: TTL or Isolated- Input range- Interrupt function: Event, Status change, Pattern match - Data transfer mode: Polling, DMA(PCI-1755 only) - Latch

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsDigital Input: Input level- TTL:▪ 5V or 3.3V TTL▪ Dry contact (w/ pull-up resistor) or wet contact

TTL DI

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsDigital Input: Input level- Isolated: ▪ Use photo-couple to isolate input side and logic side

Isolated DI

• On/Off control

• To toggle a valve

• To active a alarm

System DA&C Card On /Off

• Boolean Logic

• Switch or Button Digital Output Card


Digital OutputDigital Output

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsSpecifications of Digital Output- Number of channels- Output type: TTL, Isolated DO, Relay (Form A, B, C) - Output range- Output direction: Sink, Source- Power-on Status: Keep last status, Default status- Data transfer mode: Polling, DMA(PCI-1755 only) - Watchdog timer (PCI-1758U only)

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsDigital Output: Output type- Isolated: ▪Work as a switch to control the load loop circuit▪ PCOM is necessary for inductive load

Isolated DO (ON) Isolated DO (OFF)

Specification & FunctionsSpecification & FunctionsDigital Output: Output type- Relay:▪ Form A relay is SPST with default value of NO

▪ Form B relay is SPST with default value of NC

▪ Form C relay is SPDT and break-before-make

NC

NO

NC

NO

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsDigital Output: Output direction- Sink:▪ Load current flows into IDO

- Source:▪ Load current flows into GND▪ Only PCI-1752USO supports source type IDO

Sink type IDO (ON) Source type IDO (ON)

• Voltage Signal

• Sequential pulse signal

System DA&C Card Square Wave

• Indicator

• Numeric DisplayCounter Card


CounterCounter

Specifications & FunctionsSpecifications & FunctionsSpecifications of Counter- Number of channels- Resolution (max. counter value) - Time base (max. input frequency)- PWM- Counter mode

Introduction of Counter IC 82C54Introduction of Counter IC 82C54Programmable interval timer/counter chipThree independent 16-bit counters, each has a clock input, control gate and an outputCan program each counter for maximum count values from 2 to 65535Maximum input clock frequency of 10MHzSix operating modesmode 0 – Stop on Terminal Countmode 1 – Programmable One-shot Pulsemode 2 – Rate Generatormode 3 – Square Wave Generatormode 4 – Software-Triggered Strobemode 5 – Hardware-Triggered Strobe

Selection GuideSelection GuideSort by Bus InterfacePCI: PCI Series (PCI V2.1, PCI V2.2)ISA: PCL Series PC104: PCM SeriesCompact PCI: MIC Series (CPCI)USB: USB Series (USB1.1, USB2.0)COM: ADAM 4k/5k/485Ethernet: ADAM 5kTCP/6kThe same function can be accomplished by modules in different bus type

Selection GuideSelection GuideSort by Function- Signal conditioningAmplifier: PCLD-789DFilter: PCLD-8115, PCLD-8710, PCLD-780 … etc. Isolation: ADAM-3014, PCLD-782 … etc. TC/RTD measurement: ADAM-3011, ADAM-3013 Strain Gauge measurement: ADAM-3016

- IO CardsAI/AO: PCI-1747U, PCM-3712, MIC-3723R … etc. DI/DO: PCI-1755, USB-4750, PCL-730 … etc.Counter: PCI-1780U, PCM-3780, PCL-836 … etc.Multifunction: PCI-1711, USB-4718, MIC-3716 … etc.

- Output ControlSSR/Relay: ADAM-3854, PCLD-7216 … etc.

Overview of Advantech DA&C CardsOverview of Advantech DA&C CardsReal-Word Application (w/ Current Measuring)

D/O

Sampling


PCL-818HG(ISA Multifunction Card)


4~20mA Current Output

PCLD-785B (Relay Board)

Output Control

Detection Sensor

A/I

PCLD-8115(Wiring Terminal

Board with w/ CJC)

Signal Conditioning

Overview of Advantech DA&C CardsOverview of Advantech DA&C CardsReal-Word Application (w/ Temperature Measuring)

K Type Thermocouple


Detection Sensor

PCLD-8710(Wiring Terminal

Board with w/ CJC)

A/I

Signal Conditioning

Sampling


PCI-1710HG(PCI Multifunction Card)A/O

ADAM-3014 (Isolated DC Module)

Output Control

ExampleExampleThe customer would like to choose a card that has AI/O, DI/O, and AI/O must support high sampling rate (ex: 100KS/s)

1 MS/s, 12-bit High-Speed Multifunction Card

Main Features• 16 single-ended, 8 differential or a

combination of analog inputs• 12-bit A/D converter, with up to 1 MHz

sampling rate• Programmable gain• Two 12-bit analog output channels with

continuous waveform output function• 16 digital input and output channels• Three 16-bit programmable multifunction

counter/timers on 10 MHz

Cable: PCL-10168Wiring Board: ADAM-3968

PCI-1712

ExampleExample

The customer would like to choose a card which could measure Temperature directly

7 types TC Input• 10 samples/ sec

• 16-bit resolution

• Auto CalibrationJ 0 ~ 760° C

K 0 ~ 1370° C

T -100 ~ 400° C

E 0 ~ 1000° C

R 500 ~1750° C

S 500 ~1750° C

B 500 ~1800° C

USBUSB--47184718- 8 channel Thermocouple Module

ExampleExample1000 Isolated DI/O pointsOnly 8 PCI slotsDI/O could be selected by software

Model:PCI-1758UDIOCable: PCL-101100S-1Wiring Board: ADAM-39100

128-ch Isolated Digital I/O Card

Main Features• 128 isolated digital output channels(64 for

PCI-1758UDIO)• High-voltage isolation on output

channels(2500 VDC)• Wide output rang : 5~40 VDC• High-sink current for isolated output

channels (90 mA max./Channel)• Current protection for each port• BoardID™ Switch• Output status read-back• Digital output value retained after hot system

reset• Programmable Power-Up States• Watchdog timer

ConclusionConclusion

Know what is Automation Control ArchitectureKnow the differences of bus interfacesLearn the knowledge of Data AcquisitionRealize the specification and functionLearn how to select a proper product for customer’s application

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!

product introduction and basic concept

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