904 OLR(1980) 27(12)

in the gaps of this ecological theory of animal progress . . .' Department of Zoology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. (m j j)

80:6158 White, M. J. D., 1979. Speciation: is it a real

problem? Scientia, 114(5/8): 453-468.

With the widespread recognition that speciation is not invariably preceded by geographical separa-

tion, the other mechanisms causing genetic isola- tion (speciation) have attracted interest. There is some evidence to suggest that certain animal groups evolved at an accelerated rate of morpho- logical change (fitting the 'rectangular' model); but invertebrates fit the more classic 'phyletic gradualism' model. It is clear that 'the genetic changes occurring during the actual speciation process are a most significant aspect of evolution, and probably the key problem of evolutionary biology at the present time.' Australian National University, Canberra City, Australia. (slr)

F. GENERAL

1. Applied oceanography 80:6159

Hamann, Ilse, 1980. Untersuchungen mit einem mathematischen Flachwassermodell zur Effektivatat der Nutzung der Gezeitenergie an der Deutschen Nordseskuste. [Producing energy from tides along the German North Sea coast: investigation of the effectiveness with a mathematical surface water model.] Mitt. Inst. Meeresk. Univ. Hamb., 23: 31-59. Deutschen Hydrographischen Inst i tut , Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 2000 Hamburg 4, F.R.G.

3. Interdisciplinary apparatus, meth- ods, mathematical and statistical techniques

80:6160 Halberstam, lsidore, 1980. Some considerations

in the evaluation of Seasat-A scatterometer (SASS) measurements. J. phys. Oceanogr., 10(4): 623-632.

A study of the algorithm relating SASS back- scatter measurements with a wind parameter in- dicates that deriving neutral winds at a standard

height will reduce errors. The chief cause of the large scatter in the measurements is under in- vestigation. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. 91103, U.S.A. (mcs)

80:6161 Hedgpeth, J. W., 1977. Models and muddles:

some philosophical observations. Helgo- lander wiss. Meeresunt ers. , 30(1/4): 92-104.

The construction of elaborate diagrams and mystico-mathematical representations of assumed relationships powered by selected values is a favorite pastime of many ecologists and en- vironmental engineers. When taken with a grain of salt (preferably benzoate of soda), such models may stimulate further thought, but complex models require simplification and selection of data unrepresentative of nature.

80:6162 Jogansen, V. S. and M. V. Propp, 1980. Automatic

underwater camera for registration of slow processes in the marine environment. (In Russian; English abstract.) Biol. mot., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1980(1): 86-88.

The construction of a special camera for prolonged (up to 1 month) underwater use (up to 4000 images at intervals of 0.5-64 min, depths to 200 m) is