produced water | session ix - jp nicot

Source and Fate of Hydraulic Fracturing Water in Texas

Jean-Philippe ‘JP’ Nicot

Bureau of Economic Geology

Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin

Atlantic Council Workshop on

“Fossil fuel produced water: asset or waste”

Washington, D.C. – June 25, 2013

2


BARNETT SHALE

HAYNESVILLE

SHALE

EAGLE FORD SHALE

PEARSALL SHALE

SHALES

TIGHT GAS

Granite wash, Cleveland, Marmaton

BOSSIER SHALE

Cotton Valley,

Travis Peak

Spraberry

and others

Canyon Sands

Vicksburg,

Wilcox

Olmos

WOODFORD SHALE

BARNETT SHALE

AVALON / BONESPRING

TIGHT OIL

WOLFCAMP SHALE

CLINE SHALE

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Final Result: Hydraulic Fracturing Water Use

2008: 36 kAF 2011: 81.5 kAF

1 AF = 325,851 gallons

1 AF = 2-3 households/yr

1kAF = 1.23×106 m3

Source of raw data: IHS Enerdeq database; in Nicot et al. 2012 report

4


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

Mun

icip

al

Man

ufac

turin

g

Minin

g

Ste

am-e

lect

ric

Live

stoc

k

Irrig

atio

n

20

01

-20

10

Av

era

ge

Wa

ter

Us

e (

kA

F)

Texas water use

Total = ~15,000 kAF/yr

5


0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

Mun

icip

al

Man

ufac

turin

g

Minin

g

Ste

am-e

lect

ric

Live

stoc

k

Irrig

atio

n

20

01

-20

10

Av

era

ge

Wa

ter

Us

e (

kA

F)

Texas water use

Total = ~15,000 kAF/yr

2011 Mining consumption:

Oil and Gas = ~120 kAF water use

(HF, drilling, waterflooding)

HF = ~81.5 kAF water use

HF = ~65 kAF water consumption

All others = ~100kAF

Total consumption = ~190 kAF

2008 Mining consumption:

Oil and Gas = ~60 kAF (~36 kAF HF)

(HF, drilling, waterflooding)

Coal/Lignite = ~20 kAF

Aggregates = ~70 kAF

Others= ~10 kAF

Total= ~160 kAF

HF water use is small at the state level, also true

for water consumption

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GW/SW split: little known

• 2006 survey in Barnett: ~60% groundwater

Based on ~30% of water use

SW

GW

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• 2011-12 Barnett: ~20-30% groundwater

• 2012 Haynesville-ETx: ~70% groundwater

• 2012 Eagle Ford: ~90% groundwater

• 2012 Permian B.: ~100% groundwater


SW

GW

8




• 2011-12 Barnett: ~20-30% groundwater

• 2013 Barnett:

• ~60% groundwater


SW

GW

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Fraction from recycling / reuse and brackish

East Texas:

R/R: 5%

BK: ~0%

Eagle Ford:

R/R: ~0%

BK: 20%

Barnett:

R/R: 5%

BK: 3%

Anadarko:

R/R: 20%

BK: 30%

Midland:

R/R: 2%

BK: 30%

Delaware:

R/R: 0%

BK: 80%


Fresh

water

R/R

Brackish

Large Operators: from 0% to 100% BK

depending on play and operator

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Flowback at end of Year1

Haynesville:

~15%

Eagle Ford:

~20%

Barnett:

~60%

Anadarko:

~100%

Midland:

~75%

Delaware:

~80%

Cotton Valley:

~60%


11


Monthly produced water percentiles – Barnett Shale

Number of wells having

produced that many months

90th percentile

Median

5th percentile

Nicot et al., in review

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5th, 30th, 50th, 70th, and 90th monthly produced water percentiles – Barnett Shale



75th percentile

Median

30th percentile


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5th, 30th, 50th, 70th, and 90th cumulative produced water percentiles – Barnett Shale



90th percentile

Median

5th percentile


14


5th, 30th, 50th, 70th, and 90th produced water fraction (%) percentiles – Barnett Shale



75th percentile

Median

30th percentile


15


Produced water time variability

2011

2011 2010

2010

2009

2008

2009 2008

2007 2005

2006

2007


16


County-level produced water fraction

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•1 month

•2 months

•3 months

•6 months

•1 year

•2 years

•3 years

County-level produced water fraction from well completion


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• 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011

Annual injection well volumes through time


Houston

San Antonio

Eagle Pass+

Laredo+

C.C.

The Valley Credit: NASA - NOAA

QUESTIONS?

20


Source of data for publications?

2007

2011

2012

produced water | session ix - jp nicot

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