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Steel processes andSteel processes andproductsproducts

Steel coil in a factoryJosep Poch March 07

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Carbon steel and alloy steelCarbon steel and alloy steel►► Carbon steelCarbon steel containscontains

only iron (Fe) andonly iron (Fe) andcarbon (C) with acarbon (C) with a

percentage of Cpercentage of C

between 0.02% andbetween 0.02% and1.76%1.76%

►► Alloy steel Alloy steel contains Fe,contains Fe,

C and other chemicalC and other chemicalelements that provideelements that provide

different propertiesdifferent properties

Stainless steel 18/20, with 18%

of chrome and 20% of nickel

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Which steel will we use?Which steel will we use?

Cutting tools forCutting tools for

machinesmachines

 Very hard and Very hard and

heatheat--resistantresistantmedium carbonmedium carbon

steel with tungsten,steel with tungsten,

chromium,chromium,

vanadiumvanadium

High speedHigh speed

steelsteel

Cutting tools,Cutting tools,

ball bearingsball bearings

Even harder thanEven harder than

medium carbonmedium carbon

steel, and moresteel, and more

brittlebrittle

0.7%0.7% -- 1.5%1.5%

of Cof CHighHigh

carboncarbon

steelsteel

GeneralGeneral--purposepurpose

engineeringengineering

materialmaterial

Strong, hard andStrong, hard and

tough but lesstough but less

ductile than mildductile than mild

steelsteel

0.35%0.35% --

0.7% of C0.7% of CMediumMedium

carboncarbon

steelsteel

GeneralGeneral--purposepurpose

engineeringengineering

materialmaterial

Tough, ductile andTough, ductile and

malleable. Poormalleable. Poor

resistance toresistance to

corrosioncorrosion

0.15%0.15% --

0.35% of C0.35% of CMild steelMild steel

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Which steel will we use?Which steel will we use?►► The more carbon it has, the harder and the moreThe more carbon it has, the harder and the more

brittle it getsbrittle it gets

High speed steelHigh speed steelHigh carbon steelHigh carbon steelMild steelMild steel

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Stainless steelStainless steel►► Alloy of iron and Alloy of iron and

carbon with 16carbon with 16--26%26%chromium, 8chromium, 8--22%22%

nickel and 8%nickel and 8%

magnesiummagnesium

►►Hard and tough,Hard and tough,

resists corrosionresists corrosion►►Used inUsed in cutlerycutlery,,

kitchen equipmentkitchen equipment……

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Heat treatmentsHeat treatments►►TemperingTempering refers to heating steel above arefers to heating steel above a

critical temperature, then cooling it rapidlycritical temperature, then cooling it rapidly Steel becomesSteel becomes toughertougher and with aand with a higher mechanicalhigher mechanical

resistanceresistance

►► Annealing Annealing is done by heating the steel,is done by heating the steel,maintaining it at a suitable temperature,maintaining it at a suitable temperature,

and then cooling very slowlyand then cooling very slowly Plasticity risesPlasticity rises andand hardness lowers.hardness lowers. It getsIt gets softersofter

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Steel productsSteel products

ProfilesProfiles BarsBarsTubularTubularproductsproducts

FlatFlatproductsproducts

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Flat productsFlat productsPlatePlateCoilCoilSheetSheet

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Tubular productsTubular products

►► Tubes and pipesTubes and pipesmay be square,may be square,

rectangular, roundrectangular, round

or ovalor oval►► Tubes are usuallyTubes are usually

thinner than pipesthinner than pipes

►►

If the shape isIf the shape ismore complex theymore complex they

are consideredare considered

profilesprofiles

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BarsBars►►Bars can be round, square, rectangular,Bars can be round, square, rectangular,

hexagonal or half roundhexagonal or half round

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ProfilesProfiles►► They can be L, T, U, IThey can be L, T, U, I--shaped or with any other shapeshaped or with any other shape

Profile of a railway track andother common sections

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Which steel products are?Which steel products are?

1._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

2._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

3._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

4._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

5._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

6._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

7._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

8._________ 

 ___________ 

 ___________ 

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Stainless Steel tanks forthe storage of wine