proceedings of the redwood region forest science symposium ... · william j. zielinski is a...

United States Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific Southwest Research Station

General Technical ReportPSW-GTR-194July 2007

Proceedings of the Redwood Region Forest Science Symposium: What Doesthe Future Hold?

March 15–17, 2004

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Disclaimer

Papers were provided by the authors and technical coordinators in camera-ready form for printing. Authors are responsible for the content and accuracy. Opinions expressed may not necessarily reflect the position of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service.

Cover and chapter divider illustration by Robert Van Pelt from “Forest Giants of the Pacific Coast.” The tree illustrated is within Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. For more on this superlative tree, see “A redwood tree whose crown may be the most complex on Earth. SC Sillett, R Van Pelt - L’Arbre, 2000” (http://www.humboldt.edu/~storage/pdfmill/201/sillett.pdf )

Technical EditorsRichard B. Standiford is Associate Vice President for the UC Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Cooperative Extension Specialist, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Gregory A. Giusti is Forest Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension, Lake and Mendocino Counties, Lakeport, CA 95453; .Yana Valachovic is Forest Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension, Humboldt and Del Norte Counties, Eureka, CA 95503; William J. Zielinski is a wildlife biologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521; and Michael J. Furniss is a hydrologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest Research Stations at Redwood Science Laboratory, Arcata CA 95521.

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Redwood Region Forest Science Symposium

Proceedings of the Redwood Region Forest Science Symposium: What Does the Future Hold?

Technical Editors

Richard B. Standiford, Gregory A. Giusti, Yana Valachovic,

William J. Zielinski, and Michael J. Furniss

March 15–17, 2004

Rohnert Park California

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific Southwest Research Station

Albany, California

General Technical Report PSW-GTR-194

July 2007

ii

GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-GTR-194

Acknowledgments

Program Committee RickStandiford,UCCenterforForestry,(510)643-5428,e-mail:[email protected] GregGiusti,UCCooperativeExtension,(707)463-4495,e-mail:[email protected] YanaValachovic,UCCooperativeExtension,(707)445-7351,e-mail:[email protected] BillZielinski,PSWResearchStation,Arcata,(707)825-2959,e-mail:[email protected] JoniRippee,UCCenterforForestry,(510)642-0095,e-mal:[email protected]

Coordinated by UniversityofCaliforniaCenterforForestry,BerkeleyCampus Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, UC Office of the President CollegeofNaturalResources,BerkeleyCampus

Co-sponsors CaliforniaDepartmentofForestryandFireProtection HawthorneTimber/CampbellTimberlandManagement MendocinoRedwoodCompany Pacific Lumber Company Save-the-Redwoods League SimpsonResourceCompany TheNatureConservancy USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station

Steering Committee NolanColgrove,HoopaTribe NealEwald,SimpsonResourceCo. GregGiusti(co-chair),UniversityofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension RichardHarris,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley Ruskin Hartley, Save-the-Redwoods League Eric Huff, Big Creek Lumber Mike Jani, Mendocino Redwood Company, LLC WendyMillet,TheNatureConservancy DougPiirto,CaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity RichardB.Standiford(co-chair),UniversityofCaliforniaCenterforForestry BillStewart,CaliforniaDepartmentofForestry,FireandResourceAssessmentProgram JohnStuart,HumboldtStateUniversity BradValentine,CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandGame YanaValachovic(co-chair),UniversityofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension Bill Zielinski (co-chair), Pacific Southwest Research Station

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Proceedings of the Redwood Region Forest Science Symposium: What Does the Future Hold?

AbstractStandiford, Richard B.; Giusti, Gregory A.; Valachovic, Yana; Zielinski,

William J.; Furniss, Michael J., technical editors. 2007. Proceedings of the redwood region forest science symposium: What does the future hold? Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-194. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 553 p.

Policies and strategies that guide use and management of lands in the coastal ecoregion are dependent on objective scientific information. In recent years, attention to this region has increased. Correspondingly, there has been much new information collected. Efforts such as the Caspar Creek Watershed Conference and the Scientific Basis for the Prediction of Cumulative Watershed Effects illustrate both the great interest and effort that is devoted to collecting and using scientific information to support resource and land management in this region. Each year the array of decisions that affects lands and natural resources in the redwood region carry more weight; evidence the recent interest in TMDLs, watershed assessment, and fish and wildlife recovery efforts. How do we, therefore, promote the development and communication of scientific findings to inform management and policy decisions?

No single meeting or institution is capable of providing thorough coverage of current scientific findings and insights. It is the intent of the organizing committee to provide a sampling of current scientific work, to enable access to more detail and other sources of information, and to put these findings into a context where such information can be synthesized and interpreted for applications in land and resource management.

This symposium is intended to promote the dissemination of scientific evidence to managers, policymakers, other scientists and interested public, and, in turn, to inform policy decisions. Thus, the presentations will range from the discussion of recently gathered scientific knowledge to the integration of that knowledge into planning and management processes and tools. We support the many other efforts intended to achieve these and similar goals and acknowledge the need to coordinate all such efforts.

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Contents

1 GENERALSESSION 3 Opening Address

KatherineAnderton

9 SESSION1—WaterandWatershedsI 11 Development of a Mechanistically Based, Basin-Scale Stream Temperature Model: Applications to Cumulative Effects Modeling Douglas Allen, William Dietrich, Peter Baker, Frank Ligon, and Bruce Orr

25 Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) Applied to Watershed Assessment on California’s North Coast RichWalker,ChrisKeithley,RussHenly,ScottDownie,andSteveCannata

35 The Effects of Large Wood on Stream Channel Morphology on Three Low- Gradient Stream Reaches in the Coastal Redwood Region ScottCarrollandE.GeorgeRobison

45 SESSION2—GeneticsandRegeneration

47 Applications of Redwood Genotyping by Using Microsatellite Markers ChrisBrinegar,DanBruno,RyanKirkbride,StevenGlavas,andIngrid Udranszky

57 Planting?—What and Where? W.J. Libby

59 Spatial Genetic Patterns in Four Old-Growth Populations of Coast Redwood Deborah L. Rogers and Robert D. Westfall

65 Clonal Spread in Second Growth Stands of Coast Redwood, Sequoiasempervirens VladimirDouhovnikoffandRichardS.Dodd

73 SESSION3—WaterandWatershedsII 75 A Preliminary Study of Streamside Air Temperatures Within the Coast Redwood Zone 2001 to 2003 TracieNelson,RichardMacedo,andBradleyE.Valentine

85 Effects of Timber Harvest on Fog Drip and Streamflow, Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds, Mendocino County, California ElizabethKeppeler

95 Trends in Streamflow and Suspended Sediment After Logging, North Fork Caspar Creek Jack Lewis and Elizabeth T. Keppeler

107 Rates and Implications of Rainfall Interception in a Coastal Redwood Forest Leslie M. Reid and Jack Lewis

119 Use of Streambed Characteristics as Ecological Indicators of Long-Term Trends in Sediment Supply Associated With Forest Management on PALCO Lands KateSullivanandMattO’Connor

121 Watershed Analysis Results for Mendocino Redwood Company Lands in Coastal Mendocino and Sonoma Counties Christopher G. Surfleet

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133SESSION4—WildlifeandFisheriesI 135 Detecting the Upstream Extent of Fish in the Redwood Region of Northern California AaronK.BliesnerandE.GeorgeRobison

147 Using Site-Specific Habitat Information on Young to Late-Successional Avifauna to Guide Use and Management of Coastal Redwood and Douglas-Fir Forest Lands Sal J. Chinnici, Laura C. Bradley, Daniel R. Dill, and David Bigger

157 Ecology and Management of Northern Spotted Owls on Commercial Timberlands in Coastal Northern California Lowell Diller, Keith Hamm, Joel Thompson, and Trent McDonald

161 Structural Characteristics of an Old-Growth Coast Redwood Stand in Mendocino County, California GregoryA.Giusti

169 The Conservation of Sensitive Plants on Private Redwood Timberlands in Northern California Clare Golec, Tony LaBanca, and Gordon Leppig

185 Rare Plants of the Redwood Forest and Forest Management Effects TeresaSholarsandClareGolec

201SESSION5—ForestEcology 203 Environmental Control of Microbial N Transformations in Redwood Forests DamonBradburyandMaryFirestone

205 Redwood Trees, Fog Water Subsidies, and the Hydrology of Redwood Forests Todd Dawson, Stephen Burgess, Kevin Simonin, Emily Limm, and Anthony Ambrose

207 Status of Vegetation Classification in Redwood Ecosystems ThomasM.MahonyandJohnD.Stuart

215 What Was the Role of Fire in Coast Redwood Forests? PeterM.Brown

219 Fire History in Coast Redwood Stands in San Mateo County Parks and Jasper Ridge, Santa Cruz Mountains Scott L. Stephens and Danny L. Fry

223 Progression and Behavior of the Canoe Fire in Coast Redwood HughScanlon

233 SESSION6—WildlifeandFisheriesII 235 Abundance and Habitat Associations of Dusky-Footed Woodrats in Managed Redwood and Douglas-Fir Forests Keith A. Hamm, Lowell V. Diller, and Kevin D. Hughes

237 Individual Legacy Trees Influence Vertebrate Wildlife Diversity in Commercial Forests M.J.MazurekandWilliamJ.Zielinski

241 The Relationship Between the Understory Shrub Component of Coastal Forests and the Conservation of Forest Carnivores KeithM.SlausonandWilliamJ.Zielinski

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245 Fisher (Martespennanti) Use of a Managed Forest in Coastal Northwest California Joel Thompson, Lowell Diller, Richard Golightly, and Richard Klug

247 Salmonid Communities in the South Fork of Caspar Creek, 1967 to 1969 and 1993 to 2003 BradleyE.Valentine,RichardA.Macedo,andTracieHughes

257 Amphibians as Indicators of Headwater Processes in Northern California Forests: What Are They Telling Us and Why Should We Listen? HartwellH.Welsh,Jr.

259 SESSION7—Silviculture 261 Modeling Coast Redwood Variable Retention Management Regimes John-PascalBerrillandKevinO’Hara

271 Holter Ridge Thinning Study, Redwood National Park: Preliminary Results of a 25-Year Retrospective AndrewJ.ChittickandChristopherR.Keyes

281 Managing Second-Growth Forests in the Redwood Region for Accelerated Development of Marbled Murrelet Nesting Habitat JerryF.Franklin,AndrewB.Carey,StevenP.Courtney,JohnM.Marzluff, MartinG.Raphael,JohnC.Tappeiner,andDaleA.Thornburgh

283 Restoring Complexity to Industrially Managed Timberlands: The Mill Creek Interim Management Recommendations and Early Restoration Thinning Treatments DanPorter,ValerieGizinski,RuskinHartley,andSharonHendrixKramer

295 Precommercial Stocking Control of Coast Redwood at Caspar Creek, Jackson Demonstration State Forest James Lindquist

305 The Whiskey Springs Redwood Commercial Thinning Study: A 29-Year Status Report (1970 to 1999) James Lindquist

317 Silvicultural Challenges for Coast Redwood Management Kevin L. O’Hara

319 Restoration of Old-Growth Redwood Structural Characteristics With Frequent Variable Silvicultural Entries DaleA.Thornburgh

321 SESSION8—ErosionandPhysicalProcessesI 323 Even-Aged Management and Landslide Inventory, Jackson Demonstration State Forest, Mendocino County, California JulieA.Bawcom

335 Overview of the Ground and Its Movement in Part of Northwestern California Stephen D. Ellen, Juan de la Fuente, James N. Falls, and Robert J. McLaughlin

347 Predicting Debris-Slide Locations in Northwestern California Mark E. Reid, Stephen D. Ellen, Dianne L. Brien, Juan de la Fuente, James N. Falls,BillieG.Hicks,andEricC.Johnson

357 Erosion Rates Over Millennial and Decadal Timescales at Caspar Creek and Redwood Creek, Northern California Ken L. Ferrier, James W. Kirchner, and Robert C. Finkel

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359 Decision Support for Road Decommissioning and Restoration by Using Genetic Algorithms and Dynamic Programming ElizabethA.Eschenbach,RebeccaTeasley,CarlosDiaz,andMaryAnnMadej

371 Mapping Prehistoric, Historic, and Channel Sediment Distribution, South Fork Noyo River: A Tool For Understanding Sources, Storage, and Transport RichD.Koehler,KeithI.Kelson,GrahamMatthews,K.H.Kang,andAndrewD. Barron

383 The Significance of Suspended Organic Sediments to Turbidity, Sediment Flux, and Fish-Feeding Behavior MaryAnnMadej,MargaretWilzbach,KennethCummins,ColleenEllis,and SamanthaHadden

387 SESSION9—ForestPolicyandModeling 389 Forest Certification in the Redwood Region SheilaHelgathandMikeJani

391 Implementation of Uneven-Age Forest Management Under the Santa Cruz County/California Forest Practice Rules DougD.Piirto,WalterR.Mark,RichardP.Thompson,CherylYaussi, JessicaWicklander,andJesseWeaver

393 The New Economies of the Redwood Region in the 21st Century WilliamStewart

403 Upland Log Volumes and Conifer Establishment Patterns in Two Northern, Upland Old-Growth Redwood Forests, A Brief Synopsis DanielJ.PorterandJohnO.Sawyer

415 Tree Biomass Estimates on Forest Land in California’s North Coast Region Tian-TingShih

417 Using Scientific Information to Develop Management Strategies for Commercial Redwood Timberlands JeffreyC.Barrett

429 SESSION10—ErosionandPhysicalProcessesII 431 Sediment Yield From First-Order Streams in Managed Redwood Forests: Effects of Recent Harvests and Legacy Management Practices M.D.O’Connor,C.H.Perry,andW.McDavitt

445 Statistical Analysis of Streambed Sediment Grain Size Distributions: Implications for Environmental Management and Regulatory Policy BrendaRosserandMattO’Connor

457 Simulation of Surface Erosion on a Logging Road in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest TeresaIshandDavidTomberlin

465 The Relationship Between Wildlife Damage Feeding Behavior and Stand Management in Coastal Redwoods (Sequoiasempervirens) GregoryA.Giusti

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467 Disease Ecology of Phytophtoraramorum in Redwood Forests in the California Coast Ranges P.E. Maloney, S.L. Lynch, S.F. Kane, C.E. Jensen, and D.M. Rizzo

469 A Multiple Logistic Regression Model for Predicting the Development of Phytophthoraramorum symptoms in Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) MarkSpencerandKevinO’Hara

475 Stand Dynamics of Coast Redwood/Tanoak Forests Following Tanoak Decline Kristen M. Waring and Kevin L. O’Hara

481POSTERSESSION 483 Envisioning Ways Jackson Forest Could Demonstrate How to Revitalize the Region’s Depleted Biological Heritage and Timber Production Capacity KathyBailey

485 Inner Gorge in Redwood Forests JulieA.Bawcom

487 Research at Jackson Demonstration State Forest—Building Partnerships for a Better Understanding of the Forest Environment WilliamBaxter

489 Growth and Survival of Redwood and Douglas-Fir Seedlings Planted Under Different Overstory Removal Regimes WilliamBigg

491 Habitat Characteristics and Spatial Extent of Burrow Systems of Point Arena Mountain Beavers on Managed Timberlands SarahC.BilligandRobertB.Douglas

493 Riparian Flora Observed at Riparian Revegetation Projects in North Coastal California R. Katz, M. Lennox, D. Lewis, R. Jakcson, J. Harper, B. Allen-Diaz, S. Larson, andK.Tate

495 A Literature Review to Examine the Potential of Silviculture to Enhance the Formation of Old-Forest Characteristics in Coast Redwood Stands Christa M. Dagley and Kevin L. O’Hara

497 Channel Incision and Suspended Sediment Delivery at Caspar Creek, Mendocino County, California Nicholas J. Dewey, Thomas E. Lisle, and Leslie M. Reid

499 Landscape and Site-Level Habitat Characteristics Surrounding Accipiter Nests on Managed Timberlands in the Central Coast Redwood Region RobertB.Douglas,JohnNickerson,A.ScottWebb,andSarahC.Billig

503 Restoring Riparian Conditions Along Valley Floors Affected by Multiple Coarse- Grained Flood Deposits: An Approach from Bull Creek, Humboldt Redwoods State Park Rocco Fiori, Ruth Goodfield, and Patrick Vaughan

505 Determining the Distribution of Three Amphibian “Species of Concern” MatthewO.Goldsworthy

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507 The Effect of Overstory Canopy Alterations on Air Temperature in a Managed Redwood Forest ElizabethWilsonHadleyandWilliamBigg

509 A Comparison of 10 Techniques Used to Estimate Canopy Interception ToddA.HamiltonandWilliamBigg

511 Redwood and Douglas-Fir Stumpage Price Trends in Coastal California RichardB.Standiford

513 Large Woody Debris and Pool Dynamics in the Caspar Creek Experimental Watershed, Northern California Sue Hilton and Leslie Reid

517 Adapting Silvicultural Practices to Respond to Changing Societal Demands for Forest Resource Management StephenR.Horner

519 Riparian Vegetation Recovery Following Road Decommissioning EmilyKing

521 Are Suspended Sediment Yields a Function of Land Use in the Elk River Watershed, Humboldt County? PeterMankaandC.HobartPerry

523 Effect of 70 Years of Recreational Car Camping on Vigor of Old-Growth Coast Redwood and Douglas-Fir StevenR.Martin,JohnD.Stuart,PortiaHalbert,andMarkA.Rizzardi

525 Canopy Closure and Soil Moisture in a Second-Growth Redwood Forest JustinMercerandWilliamBigg

527 Riparian Zone Management and Analysis of Flood Hazard in Urban and Rural Areas MatthewD.O’Connor

531 A Tree-Marking Procedure for Variable-Density Thinning—Applications to Old- Forest Redwood Restoration Kevin L. O’Hara and Christa M. Dagley

533 The California Geological Survey and the Review of Timber Harvest Plans in Redwood Forests MarkG.Smelser

535 A Context for Cumulative Watershed Effects in Redwood Forests ThomasE.Spittler

537 Adaptive Management Monitoring of Spotted Owls Mike Stephens, Larry Irwin, Dennis Rock, and Suzanne Rock

539 The Effects of Harvest History on the Lichens and Bryophytes of the Arcata Community and Jacoby Creek Forests SunnyBennett

541 A Tale of 10 Snags David L. Suddjian and Thomas Sutfin

543 Effects of Forest Management in the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds

Jack Lewis, Elizabeth Keppeler, and Tom Lisle

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545 Evaluation of Low-Altitude Vertical Aerial Videography as a Method for Identifying and Estimating Abundance of Residual Trees Linda M. Miller, Scott D. Osborn, and David J. Lancaster

547 Pathogenicity and Distribution of Native and Nonnative Phytophthora Species on Sequoiasempervirens CamilleE.JensenandDavidM.Rizzo

549 Silvicultural Treatments to Control Stump Sprout Density in Coast Redwoods ChristopherR.KeyesandPeterJ.Matzka

551 Habitat Restoration, Landowner Outreach, and Enhancement of Russian River Coho Populations in Northern California Paul Olin, David Lewis, Janet Moore, Sarah Nossaman, Bob Coey, Brett Wilson, andDerekAcomb

553 Conservation Value Assessment of the California North Coastal Basin by Using Special Elements and Focal Species DougSmith,CurticeJacoby,ChrisTrudel,andRobertBrothers

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