Λ dranees in Leg al Medici η e

PROCEEDINGS of The First international Symposium ADVANCES IN LEGAL MEDICINE

+ Edited by Taizo Nagano

October 11-15,1990 Kanazawa, Japan

Contents

C O M M E M O R A T I V E S P E C I A L L E C T U R E S

J . K o n d o ( J a p a n ) ·

Prediction of Science in 21st Century 1

H . M a n a b e ( J a p a n ) ·

Expectations for Forensic Medicine Approaching

the 21st Century 5

G. S c h m i d t ( F R G ) :

Advances in Forensic Medicine Towards the 21st

Century 11

W . J a n s s e n ( F R G ) :

Advances in Forensic Medicine and the Welfare of

Human Beings 20

S y m p o s i u m _ T h e m e I :

C O M P A R I S O N O F S Y S T E M S O F L E G A L

M E D I C I N E I N T H E W O R L D

P l e n a r y L e c t u r e s

Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Education, Research and System of Legal Medicine

in Japan 31

G. S c h e w e ( F R G ) :

The Structure and Educational System of

German Legal Medicine 34

I — 1 . I n s t i t u t i o n a n d P r a c t i c e

M . S . L . S a i g a d o ( S r i L a n k a ) •

Undergraduate and Post-Graduate Medico-Legal

Education and Practice in Sri Lanka 37

J . E . L . P i n t o d a C o s t a ( P o r t u g a l ) •

Medico-Legal Organization in Portugal 40

J . Ζ. Z h u , L . W a n g . ( P . R. C h i n a )

The Current System of Forensic Medicine

in the P. R. China 43

P. M . J a b l o n s k y ( C z e c h o s l o v a k i a ) :

History, Present Status and Future of

Legal Medicine in Slovakia 45

O. R o m o ( C h i l e ) ·

Psychiatric Forensic Expertise and Imputab i l i ty 48

G. S c h m i d t ( F R G ) :

Forensic Medicine As an Interdisciplinary

Subject 52

P. S a u k k o ( F i n l a n d ) ·

The Medico-Legal System in Finland 54

A . Pentt i lä, P . J . K a r h u n e n , M . T e n h u ,

E . V u o r i ( F i n l a n d ) ·

Deaths of Finns Abroad Revisited in Hels inki * 57

B . K n i g h t ( U n i t e d K i n g d o m ) :

The Ideal System of a Medico-Legal Service 60

R. B r e i t e n e c k e r ( U S A ) :

The Current Status of Legal Medicine

in the USA 62

J . T . J i a ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

On the Historical Development of

Forensic Medicine in China 65

T . F u k u n a g a , Y . U e n o , Κ. Y a m a m o t o , Y . M i z o i ,

S . H i s h i d a , Y . Y a m a m o t o , M . Y a m a d a ,

Y . T a t s u n o ( J a p a n ) ·

Statistical Analysis of Unnatural Deaths in Hyogo

and Shiga Prefectures—Comparison of the Results

of Inquests by Medical Examiners and by Others 68

— ii -

Y . K a t s u m a t a , J . N u d e s h i m a ( J a p a n ) ·

Unnatura l Deaths: A Comparison of Medico-

Legal Practices in Japan and the U.S.A. 71

I — 2 . E d u c a t i o n

M . S t a a k , B . M a d e a ( F R G ) :

Undergraduate and Postgraduate Teaching

of Forensic Medicine in West Germany 74

P. C h a n d r a S e k h a r a n ( I n d i a ) :

Medico-Legal Practice and Education in India 80

Z . M a r e k ( P o l a n d ) ·

Medical Error and Deontological Problems

in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education

in Poland · 83

J . E . L . P i n t o d a C o s t a ( P o r t u g a l ) :

Portuguese Medico-Legal Education 88

T . C . C h a o ( S i n g a p o r e ) ·

Teaching of Forensic Medicine in Singapore 91

J . T . J i a ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

On the Medico-Legal Education in China 93

S . A l t e z a , J r . ( P h i l i p p i n e s ) ·

Medico-Legal Education in the Philippines 96

S . O s h i d a , Y . O h n o , S . U c h i g a s a k i ( J a p a n ) :

Video Relay System from Legal Autopsy Room

to Lecture Room 99

K . T e r a z a w a , H . A k a b a n e , B . W u , M . N a g a o ,

T . T a k a t o r i ( J a p a n ) •

Citat ion of Non-English Literatures - On the

Obstruction of Arteries by Typical Hanging 100

I — 3 . M e d i c a l L a w a n d E t h i c s

G . S c h e w e ( F R G ) :

Recent Trends in Medical Law in Germany 103

— iii —

Τ. K a n a g a w a ( J a p a n ) ·

The Present Situation of Informed Consent

in japan 108

A . L u n a , P . B a r r o s o ( S p a i n ) ·

Attitudes of Doctors towards Death, Euthanasia and

Informing Terminal Patients I l l

H. H a r a d a , N . F u r u m o t o , T . S h o u m a n , M . A . G r e e n

( J a p a n , U n i t e d K i n g d o m ) ·

Modeling and Estimation of Breath Alcohol

Concentration after Dr inking * 114

H. H a t t o r i , IM. Y a m a m o t o , J . F u r u n o ( J a p a n ) ·

Legal and Ethical Aspects of AIDS Affair

in Japan · 117

S y m p o s i u m - T h e m e II :

P R O B L E M S W I T H I N S U R A N C E A N D

C O M P E N S A T I O N A F T E R T R A U M A T I C I N J U R I E S

Π — 1 . S e q u e l a e o f T r a u m a t i c I n j u r i e s

W . E i s e n m e n g e r , G. B e i e r ( F R G ) :

Medical Insurance Problems after Trauma 121

T . T a k a t o r i ( J a p a n ) ·

Vehicle Collision Experiments at Low Speeds and

Medical Approaches 121

J . L i u , S . S o n g ( P . R. C h i n a ) ·

A Preliminary Study on the Applicat ion of Visual

Evoked Potential (VEP) in Forensic Practice 127

X . L i u , P. Y u , X . Z h o u , Y . Z h a n g ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Evaluation of Audi tory Brainstem Response (ABR)

Applied in the Forensic Practice 130

P. D. N i a l l ( A u s t r a l i a ) :

Medical Tr ibunals in Workers Compensation

Disputes Developments in Austral ia · 133

— iv —

Μ. H a y a s h i d a , Μ. N i h i r a , Κ. H i r a k a w a ,

Ν. M o r i y a , Υ. T o m i t a , Τ. W a t a n a b e ( J a p a n ) ·

The Effect of Alcohol on Diagnosis, Severity

and Outcome of Injured Patients in

Traffic Accidents and Fall ing Vict ims 136

N. O h a s h i , M . D o i , S . M i s a w a , K . O n o ( J a p a n )

The Relationship between Impact Speed and

Injury Severity in Motorvehicle-

Pedestrian Accidents 139

Π — 2 . M e d i c a l C a r e o f I n j u r i e s a n d R e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f D o c t o r s

B . K n i g h t ( U n i t e d K i n g d o m ) :

The Medical Malpractice and

Negligence Situation in Bri tain 142

M . C . S . R i b e i r o , ( P o r t u g a l ) :

Road Traffic Accidents. Insurance and

Compensation 144

T . H i r a n u m a ( J a p a n ) :

Medical Care on Traffic Accidents

and Its Diagnostic Criteria * 147

C. W a k a s u g i ( J a p a n ) ·

Damages or Fatal Consequences of External

Injuries and Medical Treatment 151

S y m p o s i u m - T h e m e IB:

M O D E R N M E T H O D S F O R D E T E R M I N A T I O N

O F D E A T H

1 - 1 . T i m e o f D e a t h

C . H e n s s g e , B . M a d e a ( F R G ) ·

Estimation of the T ime since Death 155

G. B e i e r , E . T u t s c h r B a u e r , W . W i e s b b c k ( F R G ) :

Influence of Temperature on Rigor Mort is 159

— ν —

G. V a c c h i a n o , R. M a s s i n i , C . R o m a n o ( I t a l y ) ·

The Post-Mortem Demyelinization: A New Method

for Estimation of Time after Death 162

G. K a u e r t , W . E i s e n m e n g e r ( F R G ) ·

Experiences in Biochemical Diagnosis of Suicide

by Analyzing Serotonin in Cerebrospinal F lu id 167

A . S a w a g u c h i , J . K o t a n i , T . F u n a o , N . N a k a d a ,

A . K o s h i z a w a ( J a p a n ) ·

Death From Rapid Drowning: Findings of

Cerebral Blood Flow and Serum Haptoglobin 170

H . S u g i e , T . F u n a o ( J a p a n ) ·

Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry and HPLC of

Vitreous Humor for the Estimation of

Hours After Death 173

I — 2 . B r a i n D e a t h a n d O r g a n T r a n s p l a n t a t i o n

K. H o s h i n o ( J a p a n ) :

Bioethical Considerations on Brain Death and

Organ Transplantation - 176

M . F u k a y a , Y . S a s a k i , S . M u r a k a m i , T . N a g a n o ,

T . K a n a g a w a ( J a p a n ) '·

A Proposition Concerning the Brain Death

Act Legislation in Japan 179

B . K n i g h t ( U n i t e d K i n g d o m ) •

The Present Situation of Organ Transplanta t ion

in Great Bri tain 182

M . J . C a r n e i r o d e S o u s a ( P o r t u g a l )

Brain Death. The Problem in Portugal 184

D. - X . L i ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Pathology of Brain Death 187

— v i —

J . I s h i s e , S . M u r a k a m i , J . Y a m a s h i t a ( J a p a n ) ·

Involuntary Movements after Brain Death:

Pathological Observations in

the Cervical Spinal Cord 190

Y . K i n o s h i t a , K . O k a m o t o , T . Y o s h i o k a ,

T . S u g i m o t o ( J a p a n ) ·

Long-Te rm Organ Preservation in Brain Death

Mainta ined w i t h Vasopressin and Catecholamine 193

R. B r e i t e n e c k e r ( U S A ) :

The Current Status of Organ Transplantat ion

in the USA 196

Y . T a t s u n o , T . F u k u n a g a , Y . Y a m a m o t o , M . Y a m a d a ,

M . K a n e , S . F u j i w a r a , J . A d a c h i , Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Neuropathological Studies on Brain Death 198

D. - X . L i ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Pathology of Brain Death—Delayed Traumatic

Intracerebral Hematoma (DTICH) 201

S y m p o s i u m - T h e m e IV:

A D V A N C E S I N T H E F I E L D O F

F O R E N S i C P A T H O L O G Y

IV — 1 . A p p l i c a t i o n o f U l t r a m i c r o s c o p y a n d

E n z y m e " H i s t o c h e m i s t r y

V . S c h n e i d e r ( F R G ) :

Electoron Microscopy and Forensic Medicine 205

M . O e h m i c h e n ( F R G ) ·

Appl ica t ion of Immunohistochemisty in

Forensic Medicine 208

S . S h o u m u r a , S . E m u r a , M . U s t u m i , H . I s o n o ,

Y . B u n a i , I . O h y a ( J a p a n ) ·

Postmortal Changes of the Fine Structure

of the Liver 211

— v i i —

Μ. M o r i t a , Ν. T a b a t a ( J a p a n ) ·

The Morphological, Biochemical and

Immunohistochemical Studies on Asphyxia 214

T . K i t a , Y . F u r u y a ( J a p a n ) ·

Vasomotion of the Pulmonary Vessels During

Asphyxial Congestion 216

M . Y o s h i n o , T . K i m i j i m a , S . M i y a s a k a , H . S a t o ,

B . M i y a k e , S . S e t a ( J a p a n ) ·

Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Changes of

Rabbit Brain in Hypoxic State 218

N. K a w a g u c h i , M . M u k a i d a , M . S a i t o , M . O k a d a ,

N . Y a m a z a k i , Y . T a k a d a ( J a p a n ) ·'

The Ultrastructural Basis of Tinctor ia l

Change of Collagen Fibers in

the Damaged Dermis 221

Y. T a t s u n o , T . F u k u n a g a , Y . Y a m a m o t o , M . Y a m a d a ,

S . F u j i w a r a , Y . U e n o , Τ. S a w a g u c h i , Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Immunohistochemical Approach to

Alzheimer-Type Dementia 224

K. Y o s h i d a , Y . O g u r a , M . M a s u i , M . Y a m a z a k i ,

C . W a k a s u g i ( J a p a n ) ·

A Histochemical Study of Calmodulin in Dog

Myocardial Ischemia and Autopsy Cases of

Sudden Cardiac Death 227

A L u n a , E . O s u n a ( S p a i n ) ·

Are Biochemical Markers Necessary for

Post-Mortem Diagnosis of

Myocardial Infarction? 230

U . H e l l e r i c h ( F R G ) :

Lectin Histochemistry- A Helpful Method to

Differentiate Early Pregnant from

Non-Pregnant Endometrium 233

J . Ζ. Z h u , D. C. W a n g ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Estimation of T ime of Injuries by

Microscopic Localization and Quantification of

Nonspecific Esterase 235

P. J . K a r h u n e n , A . P e n t t i l a , P . L e i n i k k i ,

H . B r u m m e r - K o r v e n k o n t i o , M . _ L . K a n t a n e n ,

M . N y b e r g ( F i n l a n d ) ·

Visually-Read Assay of the Vitreous Humour in

Rapid Screening for H I V in Necropsies 238

N . T a b a t a , M . M o r i t a ( J a p a n ) ·

Studies on Livor Mort is . On the Localization of

Hemoglobin in the Human Skin Tissue by

Immunohistochemistry 241

M . O g a t a , S . K u b o , O. K i t a m u r a , W . H i r o s e ,

I . N a k a s o n o , T . F u k u n a g a , Y . T a t s u n o ( J a p a n ) :

A n Immunohistochemical Demonstration of

Hemoglobin in the Kidney of Battered Children 243

T . F u k u n a g a , Y . Y a m a m o t o , M . Y a m a d a ,

Y . T a t s u n o , Y . M i z o i , A . Y a m a s h i t a ( J a p a n ) ·

Thymic Involut ion in Abused/Neglected Children 246

A . N i s h i m u r a , S . F u j i w a r a , Y . Y a n a g i d a ,

K . N a k a n i s h i , Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Cerebral Atrophy in Senile Dementia and

Normal Aging; A Quantitative Study Using Image

Analysing System * 249

O. K i t a m u r a , S . K u b o , M . O g a t a , M . I w a s a k i ,

W . H i r o s e , I . N a k a s o n o ( J a p a n ) ·

Histopathological Studies of Hypoxic and

Ischemic Brain Damage and its Applicat ion to

Forensic Autopsy Cases 252

— i x —

Τ. F u j i k u r a , Υ. K o m i n a t o , Η. T a k i z a w a ( J a p a n ) :

Forensic Applicat ion of Post-Mortem

Cerebral Angiography. 1. Subarachnoid Bleeding 255

S . T a k e i c h i , A . T s u j i , Y . S e t o , T . S a i t o ( J a p a n ) ·

Histological and Enzyme-Histochemical Studies on

Cardiac Sudden Death, Especially Acute Ischemic

Cardiac Disease * - 258

Y. U e n o , Κ. Y a m a m o t o , Τ. I m a b a y a s h i ,

Τ. F u k u n a g a , Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) :

Biogenic Amine Content of Human Carotid

Body in the Cases of Sudden Death 260

H . F u k u s h i m a , M . O t a , K . T a n a k a ,

H . H a s e k u r a ( J a p a n ) :

Using the Immunostaining Method and

the Polymerase Chain Reaction Ampli f ica t ion for

Identifying Mixed-up Formalin-Fixed,

Paraffin-Embedded Tissues 263

K. M a t s u u r a , Y . B u n a i , X . J i a n g , A . N a g a i ,

S . Y a m a d a , I . O h y a , H . S a w a d a ( J a p a n ) ·

Immunohistochemical Localization of Dihydrodiol

Dehydrogenases in the Lens and the Kidney 266

S . M i y a s a k a , T . K i m i j i m a , M . Y o s h i n o ,

H . S a t o , B . M i y a k e , S . S e t a ( J a p a n ) :

Immunohistochemical Demonstration of

A B H Blood Group Antigens in the Putrefied and

Dried Skin Fragments 269

W - 2 . P r e s e n t S t a t u s o f S I D S

A . T a k a t s u ( J a p a n ) :

Advances in Pathological Diagnosis of SIDS 272

G. S o r g o ( A u s t r i a ) ·

The Unexpected Sudden Death of

a Chi ld w i t h Unusual Pathological Findings 275

— x —

P. Μ. J a b l o n s k y , S . D l u h o l u c k y ( C z e c h o s l o v a k i a ) -

Present Status of SIDS in Central Slovakia 278

Y . M a t s u b a r a , K . N a r i s a w a ( J a p a n ) ·

Identification of a Common Genetic Mutat ion

Responsible for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 280

Y . T s u d a ( J a p a n ) ·

Several Cases of Pediatric Forensic Study

— The Second Report of the Statistic and

Sociomedical Review on Sudden Infant and

Chi ld D e a t h - • 282

S y m p o s i u m - T h e m e V :

A D V A N C E S I N T O X I C O L O G I C A L A N A L Y S I S

V — 1 . D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f D r u g s a n d P o i s o n s i n T i s s u e s

H . Käferstein ( F R G ) :

Methodology of Drug Detection in Body Fluids 285

G. M a c h a t a ( A u s t r i a ) :

Sample Collecter (BSC 1) for

Volat i le Substances in the W o r k Environment 288

T . M i y a z a k i , F . C h i k a s u e , Μ. Y a s h i k i ,

Τ. K o j i m a ( J a p a n ) "

Carbon Monoxide Hemoglobin Saturations in

Left and Right Heart Blood from Cadavers not

Exposed to Fire or CO Gas 291

Y . Y a m a m o t o , K . Y a m a m o t o , Y . F u k u i ( J a p a n )

Teratogenic Effects of Methamphetamine 294

T . M a r c i n k o w s k i , K . B o r o w i a k , M . P a r a f i n i u k ( P o l a n d ) :

Microcrystals in the Toxicological and

Histological Analysis in Cases of Intoxication wi th

Ethylene Glycol · 297

— x i —

Η. S e n o , Ο. S u z u k i , Τ. K u m a z a w a , Μ. A s a n o ( J a p a n ) ·

Isolation of Medico-Legally Impor tan t Drugs wi th

SEP-PAK C i 8 Cartridges Using Chloroform as

Elut ion Solvent - 299

B . H u , M . L i u , Z . W a n g , Y . Y a n g , X . D e n g ,

G . L i , H . L i , Q. L i a n g , P . S u ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Studies on Aconi t ine Toxicology 302

B . H u , K . Y u n , M . L i u , Z . W a n g ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Toxicokinet ic Studies of Canthar id in in Rabbits 305

C. M o o r e , K . S a t o , H . H a t t o r i , Y . K a t s u m a t a ( J a p a n ) ·

The Determination of Cephalosporins

Using Super Microbore High Pressure L i q u i d

Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry · 308

J . A d a c h i , Y . T a t s u n o , Y . O g a w a , K . N a k a g a w a ,

Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Greenish Discoloration of Skin and

Format ion of Sulfhemoglobin Caused by

Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning and Putrefaction 311

K. A m e n o , C . F u k e , S . A m e n o , T . K i r i u ,

T . S h i n o h a r a , K . S o g o , I . I j i r i ( J a p a n ) :

A Rapid and Sensitive Quant i ta t ion of

Ami t raz in Plasma by Gas Chromatography

W i t h Flame Thermionic Detection - 314

T . K i r i u , K . A m e n o , C . F u k e , S . A m e n o ,

T . S h i n o h a r a , K . S o g o , I . I j i r i ( J a p a n ) -

In V ivo and in V i t ro Studies of Regional Brain

Dis t r ibu t ion of Toluene 317

Y . K u r o i w a , K . A o k i , T . W a t a n a b e ,

Y . K u r o i w a ( J a p a n ) ·

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for

Methamphetamine, Morphine and Benzoylecgonine 320

— x i i —

Τ. N a g a n o , Τ. T a k a y a s u , Τ. O h s h i m a ,

Η. M a e d a ( J a p a n ) ·

A n Analyt ica l Method for Volatiles in

the Biological Materials by Pulse Heating 323

M . N i h i r a , K . H i r a k a w a , M . H a y a s h i d a ,

Y . T o m i t a , N . M o r i y a , T . W a t a n a b e ( J a p a n ) ·

Changes of Acetic A c i d Concentration of

Various Rat Tissues After Ethanol Injection 326

T . S h i n o z u k a , N . K u r o d a , T . M u r a i , S . T a k e i ,

K . K u r i h a r a , J . Y a n a g i d a ( J a p a n ) ·

Determination of Microamount of Mefenamic Ac id

by High Performance L i q u i d Chromatography 329

K. T e r a z a w a , L . J i , M . N a g a o , T . T a k a t o r i ,

K . A o k i , Y . H i r o s e , Y . K u r o i w a ( J a p a n ) ·

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal

Antibodies Reactive w i t h Methamphetamine

Raised Against a New Ant igen 332

M . T o m i t a , T . O k u y a m a , S . W a t a n a b e ,

B . U n o , S . K a w a i ( J a p a n ) ·

L i q u i d Chromatographic Determination of

Glyphosate and its Metaboli te i n Serum 335

G. H u a n g , Y . Z h a n g , L . L i , X . S u n g ,

Z . W a n g , L . Q i a o ( P . R. C h i n a ) ·

Toxicological Pathological Study of Lei

Gong Teng (Tr ip te ryg ium W i l f o r d i i Hook) 338

C . R o m a n o , A . M a l o r n i , A . A c a m p o r a ,

G . V a c c h i a n o , M . E s p o s i t o , R. D e M e r c a t o ·

Experiences in Legal Medicine about

Antiparassites Tox ic Substances and

Human N o u r i s h m e n t - 341

— x i i i —

V — 2 . E m e r g e n c y M e d i c i n e a n d F o r e n s i c T o x i c o l o g y

W . B o n t e ( F R G ) :

Advances in Congener Analysis • 3 1 1

K. K i m u r a , T . N a g a t a , K . K u d o , T . I m a m u r a ( J a p a n ) ·

Determination of Kerosene and

Light Oil Components in Blood 317

E. L o g e m a n n , C . Müller, Ε. K e l l e r ( F R G ) :

Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in Patients

w i t h Nephrotic Syndrome 350

L . v . M e y e r , W . H a n i s c h , G. K a u e r t ,

G . D r a s c h ( F R G ) :

Determination of T H C in Blood by HPLC 353

M . N a g a o , H . S a i t o h , T . T a k a t o r i , K . I s e k i ,

K . T e r a z a w a , K . M i y a z a k i ( J a p a n ) '·

Transport Characteristics of Paraquat Across

Rat Intestinal Brush Border Membrane 356

C. F u k e , K . A m e n o , S . A m e n o , T . K i r i u ,

T . S h i n o h a r a , K . S o g o , I . I j i r i ( J a p a n ) ·

Simultaneous Determination of Paraquat and

Diquat in Biological Materials Using

Second-Derivative Spectroscopy and

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 35<)

K. G o n m o r i , N . Y o s h i o k a ( J a p a n ) -

Effect of Mushroom Toxin on Biogenic Amines

of Rat Brain 362

K. H i r a k a w a , M . N i h i r a , M . H a y a s h i d a ,

N . M o r i y a , Y . T o m i t a , T . W a t a n a b e ( J a p a n )

Assesment of the Brain Lesions of the Rats on

Acute Ethanol Poisoning Using Magnetic

Resonance Imaging (MRI) 365

- x iv —

Τ. N a g a n o , Η. M a e d a , Τ. T a k a y a s u ,

J . N i s h i g a m i , Τ. O h s h i m a ( J a p a n ) ·

Screening and Quantitation of Drugs and

Poisons in Blood and Urine in Emergency

Medical Care and Legal Autopsy Cases 368

K. S a t o , Y . M i z u n o , C. M . M o o r e , K . T a m a k i ,

Y . K a t s u m a t a ( J a p a n ) '·

Storage of Blood for Methemoglobin Determination:

Effect of Various Buffers on the Storage

of Hemolysates 371

I . Y a m a m o t o , T . M a t s u n a g a , H . K o b a y a s h i ,

K . W a t a n a b e , H . Y o s h i m u r a ( J a p a n ) ·

Pharmaco-Toxicity of p-Coumaroyltyramine and

Feruloyltyramine in Marihuana 374

K. Y a m a z a k i , E . T a n a k a , N . S h i m o j o ,

S . M i s a w a ( J a p a n ) ·

The Validi ty of Measurements of Locomotor

Act iv i ty as Evidence of Exposure to Toluene 377

S y m p o s i u m - T h e m e VI:

M E T H O D O L O G Y I N F O R E N S I C S E R O L O G Y A N D

S T A I N A N A L Y S I S

VI — 1 . S e r o _ G e n e t i c P r o c e d u r e s

P. H o o f t , H . v a n d e V o o r d e ( B e l g i u m ) ·

The Zinc Spot Test as a Tool for the Primary

Identification of Human Seminal Stains 381

R. l i d a , T . Y a s u d a , D. N a d a n o , K . K i s h i ( J a p a n ) ·

Intensification of Peroxidase-Diaminobenzidine

Staining Using Gold-Sulfide-Silver: A Simple and

Highly Sensitive Detection Method for

Immunoblot t ing 384

— x v -

Y. F u r u s a w a , Υ. U c h i m u r a , S . T s u n e n a r i ( J a p a n ) ·

Forensic Biology of Human Hepatic Bile:

Its Applicat ion to the Determination of Species

Specificity and ABO Blood Type of Feces 387

S . K u b o , M . I w a s a k i , O. K i t a m u r a , M . O g a t a ,

I . N a k a s o n o ( J a p a n ) ·

The Effect of Soil Fungi on Changes in

the Specificity of the ABO Blood Groups and

on the Degeneration of Hair 390

Y. T a m a k i , T . K i s h i d a ( J a p a n )

Experience w i t h Ant i -Mouse IgG/Anti-Peroxidase

Bispecific Monoclonal Ant ibody in ELISA and

Dot Immunobinding for G M T y p i n g 393

M . W u , Z . J i n ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Phenotyping of GC in Human Semen Stains

Using IEF Followed by Enzyme Immunoassay 396

T . M a t s u k i , T . N a k a j i m a , K . F u r u k a w a ( J a p a n ) ·

Applicat ion of A n t i - H Active Antibodies and

Lectins to the Detection of

Human Blood Group Η Substances 399

T . K o g u r e , M . S a g i , Y . K u w a k i , K . Y a m a z a k i ,

M . K i t a h a m a ( J a p a n ) ·

Detection and Act iv i ty of Blood Group A and

Β Gene-Encoded Glycosyltransferases in Human

Seminal Plasma and Cerebrospinal f luid 402

S . I t o . K. M a t s u i , K . S u z u k i , H . M a t s u m o t o ,

Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

A Simple Extraction Procedure for ABO Group

Typ ing of Bloodstain by Dot ELISA Method 405

— x v i —

Κ. S o d e s a k i , Α. K i m u r a , Τ. T s u j i

F . M a t s u m u r a ( J a p a n )

Cell Surface ELISA for Detection of A n t i - A B O and

A n t i - M N Blood Group Antibodies 108

Ρ. Κ. C h a t t o p a d h y a y , Μ. Κ. T h a k k a r ( I n d i a )

ABO Blood Groups from Hair I l l

A . K i m u r a , M . O s a w a , S . Y a s u d a ,

H . I k e d a , T . U d a , S . N a k a s h i m a

M . O h t a , T . T s u j i ( J a p a n ) ·

On Monoclonal Antibodies to Epitopes Specific

for Species in Primates 415

T . N a g a n o , T . O h s h i m a , H . M a e d a ,

Y . F u j i o k a ( J a p a n ) ·

Species Identification of Minute Bloodstains by

Simultaneous Precipitin Reactions in

an Agarose Gel after Electrophoresis 418

B. W a n g , J . J i a , D. C h e n ( P . R. C h i n a )

On the Species Discrimination of Animal Bloodstains

by Polyacrylamide Gel Isoelectrofocusing 421

J . G u o , A . F a n ( P . R. C h i n a ) -

Determination of Phenotypes of

Salivary Amylase in Saliva and Saliva Stains by

IEF and Silver Staining 424

K. A k i y a m a , Y . I t o , H . K i m u r a ( J a p a n ) :

Characterization of a New Protein Which Binds

Act in in Seminal Plasma and Saliva 427

H. M a t s u m o t o , T . F u k a e , S . K u b o , O. K i t a m u r a ,

M . I w a s a k i , I . N a k a s o n o , M . O g a t a ( J a p a n )

Subtyping of the Group Specific Component (Gc) in

Semen and in Seminal Stains 430

- x v i i -

S . A b e , Κ. H i r a i w a ( J a p a n ) -

New Form of r -Glutamyl Transpeptidase in

Human Seminal Plasma and It's Application

to Forensic Medicine · 433

K. S u z u k i , S . I t o , H . M a t s u m o t o ,

Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Three Hereditary Subtypic Patterns detected in

the Ba Fragment of Complement Factor Β 435

S . N a k a m u r a , K . O m o t o , O. O h u e ,

K. Y a m a s h i t a , J . O c h i , K . A k i y a m a ,

A . S a w a g u c h i ( J a p a n ) ·

C1R Polymorphism in the Japanese Population 438

H . N i s h i m u k a i , K . S h i n o m i y a ,

T . S h i n o m i y a ( J a p a n ) :

Genetically Controlled Variants of

Ant i th rombin III 441

Κ. U m e t s u , i . Y u a s a , T . S u z u k i ( J a p a n ) ·

Orosomucoid (ORM) Typ ing by Isoelectric Focusing:

Effect of Protease Treatment and

Stability in Bloodstains ·*· 4 4 1

I . Y u a s a , K . U m e t s u , N . N a k a y a s h i k i , N . T a m a k i ,

H . S h i o n o , K . O k a d a ( J a p a n ) -

Orosomucoid (ORM) T y p i n g by Isoelectric Focusing:

An Improved Method for ORM1 Subtyping and

the Reactivity of An t i -Human ORM

Antibodies w i th Animal ORM 447

A . T a m u r a , K . S u z u k i , S . I t o , H . M a t s u m o t o ,

Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Analysis of Postmortem Change in Brain Proteins 450

— x v i n —

S . I k e m o t o , Ε. K a j i i , A . T a k e t o m i , Ε. F u k u i ,

Y . K a m i t a n i , K . T o m i t a ( J a p a n ) ·

Transformation of Genetic Markers in Blood wi th

B M T and Problems in Legal Medicine 453

V I - 2 . D N A P o l y m o r p h i s m s

Κ S u l l i v a n , P. G i l l ( U n i t e d K i n g d o m )

The Potential Use of PCR in Forensic Analysis 456

K. S u z u k i , S . I t o , H . M a t s u m o t o , Y . M i z o i ( J a p a n ) ·

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms

Associated w i t h Immunoglobulin Gamma Switch

Regions in Man 459

I . S a k a i , K . K a s a i , K . Y o s h i d a , H . M u k o y a m a ,

S . S e t a ( J a p a n ) :

DNA Analysis Using Single Locus V N T R Probes

and Its Applicat ion to the Individualization of

Human Bloodstains 462

C. R i t t n e r , L . B r a u n _ H e i m e r ,

P. M . S c h n e i d e r ( F R G )

The Use of PCR-Amplif ied DNA in

Paternity Testing and Stain Analysis · · — — * — ^-465

T . Y o k o i , M . N a t a , Y . A o k i , K .

S a g i s a k a ( J a p a n ) :

Contribution of DNA Analysis on Paternity Test 468

C. R i t t n e r , U . S c h a c k e r , G. R i t t n e r ,

B . H o l t k a m p , Ε. B o h n k e , Η. Η. S o n n e b o r n ,

P. Μ. S c h n e i d e r ( F R G ) :

DNA Polymorphisms in Paternity Testing:

The Use of Minisatelli te Probe M Z 1.3 in Incest,

Deficiency, Antenatal and Postmortem Cases 471

— x i x —

Μ. O t a , Η. I n o k o , Α. I c h i n o s e , Κ. T s u j i ,

Η. F u k u s h i m a , Η. H a s e k u r a ( J a p a n ) ·

Applicat ion of Modified PCR-RFLP Method

in Forensic Science 17 1

S . H a r a d a , T . N a k a m u r a , S . M i s a w a ( J a p a n ) :

Investigation of DNA Polymorphism by

Amplif icat ion Strategy 177

Y. Y a n g , X . W u , C. L u o , X . L i u ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Differentiation of Sex Origin of

Bloodstains by Dot Hybridization w i t h

Y-Chromosome Specific Probe · 180

M . N a k a i , F . M o r i y a , Y . H a s h i m o t o , H . I s h i z u ,

R. N a n i k a w a ( J a p a n ) ·

Sex Identification from Contaminated Human

Bloodstains by DNA Analysis 183

Y. Y a m a m o t o , A . N a k a n i s h i , H . I s h i z u ( J a p a n ) ·

Sex Determination of Forensic Biological

Materials by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 18(>

M . W u , G. S u n ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Sex Determination of Hairs by Analysis of

Amplif ied DNA Sequences 189

K. H o n d a , S . H a r i h a r a , T . N a k a m u r a , M . H i r a i ,

S . M i s a w a ( J a p a n ) ·

Identification of a Dead by DNA Extracted from

a Fragment of Bone or a Single Tooth 192

T . R. K u m a r i , P . C h a n d r a S e k h a r a n ( I n d i a ) :

Authentici ty of DNA Fingerprinting 495

E. N a i t o , K . D e w a , M . F u k u d a , H . Y a m a n o u c h i ,

R. K o m i n a m i ( J a p a n ) '·

Α PCR Method for Species Identification - 4 9 8

- X X -

Μ. Y a m a d a , Τ. F u k u n a g a , Υ. Y a m a m o t o ,

Κ. K u r o k a w a , Η. U e y a m a , I . O h k u b o ,

J . O c h i , Y . T a t s u n o ( J a p a n )

Detection of DNA Polymorphisms by

Using PCR Method and Its Application to

Forensic Identification 499

M L W u , G . S u n ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

Appl ica t ion of the Polymerase Chain Reaction

in Forensic Science Practice 502

A . A k a n e , K . M a t s u b a r a , H . S h i o n o , S . T a k a h a s h i ,

Y . N a k a h o r i , M . Y a m a d a , Y . N a k a g o m e ( J a p a n ) ·

Forensic Appl ica t ion of Hyper-Variable DNA

Polymorphisms and Sex Determination

by Polymerase Chain Reaction 504

A . F . V u o r i o , A . S a j a n t i l a , T . H a m a l a i n e n ,

A " C . S y v ä n e n , L . P e l t o n e n ,

C . E h n h o l m ( F i n l a n d ) :

Ampl i f i ca t ion of the Hypervariable Region of

the Apol ipoprote in Β Gene: A Suitable Method

for Solving Forensic Problems ·-—·•———·———·—«..«.-.-· 507

K. T a m a k i , T . Y a m a m o t o , R. U c h i h i ,

Y . K a t s u m a t a ( J a p a n ) ·

Dis t r ibu t ion of H L A - D Q A 1 Genotypes in

the Japanese Population · 510

C. L u o , X . W u , H . D u , Y . Y a n g ,

X . L i u ( P . R. C h i n a ) :

The Study on DNA RFLPs Detected by p A W l O l

Probe in the Population of Guangdong, China 513

T . Ro thämel , W . K e i l , Η. D. Tröger ( F R G ) :

D N A - P r o f i l i n g w i t h VNTR-Probes - Allel ic

Frequencies of Hinf l -RFLPs Detected by

pHINS310, pMUC7 and pMR24/ l 516

— x x i —

F r e e T h e m e

Α. G a r m u s ( U S S R ) :

Pelvis Bones Sexing by Inspectional Method 5 1 9

T h . R i e p e r t , C h . R i t t n e r ( F R G ) :

Importance of Identification of Corpses by

X-Ray Comparison * 522

R. N e s h i g e , Y . K u r o d a , R. K a k i g i , F . F u j i y a m a ,

R. M a t o b a , K . T a k a d a ( J a p a n ) ·

Electroencephalography as an Objective Index

of Photograph Recognition. Appl ica t ion to

Simulated Criminal Investigation 525

N. O g u r i ( J a p a n ) '·

Rapid Discrimination Method for the A n i m a l Fats

Using Pyrolyzer-Gas Chromatograph · 528

A u t h o r I n d e x 5 3 1

— x x i i —

MEDICAL INSURANCE PROBLEMS AFTER TRAUMA

W. Eisenmenger and G. Beier

Medical insurance problems after trauma are due both to

the national p a r t i c u l a r i t i e s of insurance law and to

d i f f i c u l t i e s in proving the medical f a c t s . The l a t t e r are

identical world-wide and known to a l l doctors of forensic

medicine, therefore, only the legal aspects of insurance

medicine in the Federal Republic of Germany w i l l be discussed

hereafter.

Due to the fact that already more than 100 years ago social

insurance was introduced in our country and that our economy

i s f l o u r i s h i n g , s o c i a l security in case of injury and death

after accidents i s good. Problems result from the coexistence

of different kinds of h i s t o r i c a l l y established insurances,

from the legal f i e l d s competent for these insurances and

the special concepts of causality in these legal f i e l d s .

In addition to the statutory accident insurance foreseen

within general s o c i a l insurance there i s personal accident

insurance. In case of dispute regarding statutory accident

insurance, the matters are brought before a Social Court,

for the l a t t e r - personal accident insurance - the c i v i l

courts are competent. In so c i a l law the person insured i s

obliged to provide evidence, however, there the requirements

to be met regarding the proof of causality are not very

high. A probable connection between trauma and damage i s

s u f f i c i e n t , i . e . in case there are more things which speak

for i t than against i t .

I f there i s more than one condition concurring as a cause

of damage, then the most important condition i s decisive.

In case a trauma worsened a physical ailment not caused

by an accident such that death occurred, then causality

i s f u l f i l l e d i f the l i f e expectancy was reduced by at least

one year.

- 1 2 1 -

The social accident insurance covers accidents at work as

well as those which occur on the way to work and on the

way back home. Accidents caused by negligence are also

covered but not those caused by gross negligence. This mainly

applies to those kinds of accidents where alcoholization

i s one of the major conditions.

Other accidents apart from those occurring at work can be

covered by personal accident insurance. Each owner of a

motor bike, e.g. has to take out third-party l i a b i l i t y

insurance. Disputes are settled by c i v i l law which e n t a i l s

that the person who i s maintaining something also has to

prove i t . The theory of causality d i f f e r s from that in s o c i a l

law: I t i s not su f f i c i e n t that an incident factually causes

damage but - according to the general experience of l i f e

- t his incident must also normally be apt to cause such

damage. These kinds of insurances do not cover intoxications,

diseases caused by mental influence, by high-energy rays,

effects of l i g h t , temperature and weather nor damage caused

by apoplectic stroke, cramp f i t , fainting or attacks of

vertigo or by mental disturbance or disturbance of

consciousness e.g. neither those caused by alcoholization.

I f , in addition to this natural internal diseases contributed

by more than 25% to the death, then the insurance benefit

can be reduced accordingly.

These complicated legal rules necessitate a number of medical

expert opinions. The l a t t e r deal in particular with questions

relating to causality in the simultaneous presence of natural

deseases and traumatic damage, with the significance of

existing alcoholization and with self-caused r i s k increase

- especially when in case of a t r a f f i c accident a seat belt

was not put on although this i s mandatory in our country.

Regarding this topic our i n s t i t u t e carried out an extensive

f i e l d study of seriously injured or k i l l e d persons who had

put on a seat b e l t . The result of this study i s now used

as a basis for many expert opinions. The questions of the

courts concentrate on the evaluation, whether i t can be

established by means of the i n j u r i e s incurred that no belt

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was worn and what kind of i n j u r i e s could then have been

avoided had a belt been worn.

Address:

W. Eisenmenger and G. Beier

I n s t i t u t e for Forensic Medicine of the University of Munich

Frauenlobstrasse 7a, D-8000 München 2

Federal Republic of Germany

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