Proceedingsof

the A&WMA International Specialty Conference

Leapfrogging Opportunitiesfor Air Quality Improvement

MaylO-14, 2010

Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China

Edited by:

Judith C. Chow, DesertResearch Institute

John G. Watson, Desert Research Institute

Junji Cao, Institute ofEarth Environment,

ChineseAcademy ofSciences

Conference Sponsors:

Table of Contents

Preface 23

About the Editors 24

Technical and Organizing Committee 25

Plenary Lectures 27

Cities Leaping Forward to High Quality Urban Living 28

Global Health Impact ofAir Pollution: Epidemeological Evidences

and Biological Mechanisms 30

Air Pollution and Human Health ~ Similarities and Differences be¬

tween Results Gained From Developed Countries and China 32

Leapfrogging Opportunities for Vehicles and Fuels 35

Air Pollution Control Strategy in China 36

Track I: Ambient Measurements 39

la: Advanced Environmental Measurement Methods 40

The Aerosol Quality Characterization System (AQCS): A Different

Approach for Identifying Particle Properties 41

A Compact Semi-continuous Atmospheric Aerosol Sampler for Ele¬

mental Analysis 45

Characterization ofNon-refractory Inorganic and Organic AmbientAerosols at Urban Gwangju, Korea using the Atmospheric Particle

Mass Spectrometer (APMS) 46

Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring Carbon Monoxide in Am¬

bient Air 47

Estimation ofIn Situ pH on PM2.5 in Hong Kong Using Online Ionic

Chemical Composition Measurements by PILS 53

Field Demonstration of a Cost-Effective Advanced Monitoring Solu¬

tion - Deployment of a Predictive Emissions Monitoring System

(PEMS) as a Complete Compliance Solution for a Large Cogenera-tion Facility in the U.S 58

Measurements of Hygroscopicity, Volatility, and Cloud Condensa¬

tion Nuclei (CCN) Activation of Atmospheric Ultrafme

Particles 65

Table of Contents

On-line Measurement ofAirborne Particles Using a New Portable

Exposure Monitor 70

Development of the Aerosol Focusing-Laser Induced Breakdown

Spectroscopy (AF-LIBS) for the Determination ofMetals in Atmo¬

spheric Aerosols in Real Time 75

Quantification ofFine andUltrafme Particles Suspended in Seawater

for Studying Marine Aerosol Formation 80

Characteristics of Ozone Vertical Profile Observed in the BoundaryLayer around Beijing, China in the Autumn of 2008 87

High-time Resolution Determination of Ions in Matrix ChallengedAmbient Air Samples using the Ion Chromatography Based URG

Ambient Ion Monitor 88

Design and Performance ofNew Instrument to Measure Fine and Ul¬

tra-fine Particles (UFP) in Ambient Air 90

A New Dichotomous XRF Analyzer for Aerosol Chemical Specia-tion 91

Advanced Mobile Monitoring System for the City of Suzhou

China 104

Air Pollution Measurements Using a UAV System 106

lb: Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry in Remote Environments 107

Long-term Monitoring of Reactive Gases and Water Soluble Aerosol

Components at a Remote Field Site in the U.K 108

Investigation of the Chemical Characteristics of Long-range Trans¬

ported Particles at a Background Site in Korea 114

Air Pollution in Northern and Southern China; Overview of the Mea¬surements at Two Mountain-Top Sites 123

Particle Formation and Growth in North and East China: a Compar¬ative Analysis of Measurements from Surface and Mountain-topSites 124

Aqueous Phase Sulfur Oxidation in Clouds at Mt. Tai in Eastern Chi¬na 125

Single-Particle Characterization of Antarctic Aerosols Collected at

King George Island, Chile 128

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Table of Contents

Ic: Bioaerosol 129

Bioaerosol characteristics in South China: contributions of fungispores to ambient aerosol in a tropical rainforest 130

Determining the Performance ofBSL-3 Laboratory HEPA Air Filtra¬

tion Systems for Reducing Airborne Contamination Using Bacterial

Aerosol 131

Characterization of Particulate Matter Emitted from Commercial

Egg Production Facilities in Southeastern U.S 135

Nanofiber Filter and Conventional HEPA Filter Disinfection UsingMicrowave Radiation 145

Id: Size-resolved Chemical and Physical Properties of Fine and Ul-

trafine Particles 146

Number Size Distributions ofthe Regional Aerosols in the Pearl Riv¬

er Delta During Summertime Pollution Episodes 147

Analysis of Aerosol Particle Number Size Distributions in Beijingand Guangzhou, China 149

Particle Number Size Distribution Traced Air Quality ImprovementofBeijing in August from 2004-2008 157

Size distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the urban

atmosphere ofGuangzhou, China 158

Size Distribution and Source Identification of Ionic Species in the

Atmospheric Aerosols of a Typical Industrial City, Korea 164

Continuous, Long Term Monitoring of Ultrafme Particles in Urban

Air 171

Size Distribution Characteristics PAHs ofPM10 during Foggy Daysin Nanjing, China 172

The New Correlation Equation for Predicting the Initial Collection

Efficiency of Sub-micro Aerosols in Granular Media 173

Ie: Worldwide Urban Air Quality 174

Air quality at Different Sites in the City ofBuenos Aires 175

Air Quality Monitoring and PM Study Results in Tashkent City, Uz¬bekistan 181

Results ofPM Air Pollution Baseline and Source Apportionment

Study ofUlaanbaatar city of Mongolia 187

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Table of Contents

Features and Sources of Particle Pollution in Beijing, China....

194

Observational Study of the Wintertime Boundary-layer Structure in

Urban Urumqi during Severe Air Pollution Period, China 197

EPA's PM2.5 Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and Other

PM2.5 Monitoring Networks in the United States 204

Causes of Air Pollution of Sabzevar City 213

The Temporal-Spatial Distribution Character and Effect Factors of

TSP in Tarim Basin 214

If: Atmospheric Nitrogen 215

Temporal and Spatial Variability in Concentrations of Atmospheric

Ammonia in the Western United States 216

Sensitivity Study of the Ammonia Emission Impacts on Inorganic

Fine Particulate Matter in China 218

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Total Nitrate Concentrations using Dy¬

namic Statistical Models 219

An Investigation on Source-Receptor Relationships for Total Nitrate

in Northeast Asia 225

Ambient Ammonia at Different Regions in China during2007-2008 232

Numerical Study of the Seasonal Variations of tropospheric N02

over East Asia 233

Ig: Particulate Matter Chemical Speciation 234

Uncertainties in PM2.5 Gravimetric and Speciation Measurements

and What Can We Learn from Them 235

Investigating the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Urban and Rural

PM2.5 Speciated Aerosol Composition Data from the IMPROVE

Networks and CSN from 2005-2008 237

Characterization ofUrban Particulate Air Pollution over Metropoli¬tan Newark in New Jersey on the US East Coast 238

Ambient PM10 Mass in Hong Kong: Patterns ofand Drivers for In¬

fra-urban Variability 239

Characterization of sulfate in the atmospheric particulate matter over

Japan 241

Uncertainty Estimation ofAnions and Cations Measured by Ion

Chromatography in Particulate Matter PM2.5 246

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Table of Contents

Variability and Reduction of Fine Particle Pollutant in Beijing, China

and its Surrounding Area during the Beijing 2008 OlympicGames 247

Intercomparison of Three Filter-based Samplers and a Semi Contin¬

uous Instrument for Measuring PM2.5 Sulfate and Nitrate 248

Water-Soluble Ions Of Atmospheric Aerosols In Xi'an, China: Sea¬

sonal Variations And Sources 250

Determinations ofAnions and Cations in Aerosols by Ion Chroma¬

tography 252

On-line Analysis and Mass Concentration Characters of Sulfate in

Aerosol PM10 in Beijing 254

Research on PM2.5 Pollution Characteristics in Chongqing Main

City Area 258

Saturation Monitoring for Assessment ofCommunity Exposure to

Toxic Air Contaminants and Related Air Pollutants 266

Seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the surface layer

of PM fractions in an urban area in Poland 267

Concentrations and solubility ofPM2.5 related elements intwo cities

ofUpper Silesia, Poland 274

Influences of Firework Displays on Ambient Air Quality during Lan¬

tern Festival in Kaohsiung City 281

Size-resolved Aerosol Water-soluble Ionic Compositions in Summer

of northern and Southern Mega-cities of China 287

Ih: Remote Sensing Technologies for Source Monitoring 288

Wise Fenceline Monitoring in Support ofAnnual Air Toxics and

GHG Fugitive Emission Determinations 289

Field Evaluations of Using Vertical Radial Plume Mapping for Emis¬

sion Rate Estimations in Petro Chemical Industries 291

Use ofOptical Remote Sensing Techniques to Monitor Fugitive Dust

Emissions from Tracked and Wheeled Vehicles Moving in Desert

Areas 294

Successful Strategies for Using Lidar for Particle Characterization of

Point and Diffuse Area Sources 300

Remote Measurement of Tropospheric N02 by a Dual MAX-DOAS

over Guangzhou during the 2008 PRD Campaign 306

Effects of Selecting Different Background Spectra on OP-FTIR

Quantification Results 313

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Table of Contents

Dual digicam method to quantify atmospheric visibility 314

Track II: Emission Inventory and Characterization 321

Ila: Advancements in Emission Inventories 322

Development of an Emissions Processing System for Global and Re¬

gional Scale Emission Inventories 323

Greenhouse gases emissions from on-road vehicles -A case study in

Taiwan 328

Analysis of Asian Emission Discrepancies between EDGAR and

TRACE-P Inventories 329

The Emission Inventory in Shanghai and Updating 334

Particulate pollution from combustion and construction in coastal

and urban areas of China 335

Primary Particulate Matter Emissions from Canadian

Agriculture 342

lib: Newly-developed Emission Factors 343

Chemical characteristics of smoke emissions from biofuel combus¬

tion and garbage burning in central Mexico 344

Study ofAir Toxics Released from the Pre-Harvest Burning of

Sugar Cane 346

Modeling Biogenic Emissions using WRF/MCIP/MEGAN in Chile:

A Comparison among three Urban Areas 348

Atmospheric Emissions of Ultrafme andNanoparticle Size Fractions

from Residential Heating Boilers and Waste to EnergyPlants 356

Mercury Emission from Anthropogenic Sources in Guizhou Prov¬

ince, China, in 2006 357

Emission Distribution of Volatile Organic Compounds of Semicon¬

ductor and Photovoltaic (TFT-LCD) Industries 358

CH4 and N20 Emission Factor from Municipal Solid Waste

Incineration 359

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Table of Contents

lie: Odor Emissions and Controls 360

Application of stepwise source searching method to identify odor

emission sources from a complex industrial district 361

Odour and Odorant Emission Estimation ofDredgedSediment 366

Development on New Type ofHighly Efficient Deodorant Adding

Fly Ash 373

Study on the Removal ofFormaldehyde in Biological Trickling FilterTower 379

Annual Variations of Odour Concentrations and Emissions from

Swine Gestation, Farrowing, and Nursery Buildings 390

Assessment ofthe Optimized Operation Conditions ofDeodorization

Reactor in Pig Farm (Taiwan) 395

lid: Emission Control Technology 402

European Options Applied in Flue Gas Treatment Technologies for

Municipal Waste to Energy Plants 403

Metal Emissions from a Qaste Vitrification Treatment

System 404

How China Can Leapfrog the World in Mercury Emission Reduc¬

tions 409

Removal of Elemental Mercury from Flue Gas by V205/Ti02 Cata¬

lysts Dispersed on Mesoporous Silica 410

Combustion Optimization ofPanshan Unit 4 for Energy Savings and

NOx Emissions Reduction 411

Emission Characteristics ofAir Pollutants from Typical Production

Process of Iron and Steel Enterprises 415

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emissions Control 416

Mechanism ofHydrocarbon Poisoning on Fe/Zeolite for Selective

Catalytic Reduction ofNOx with Ammonia in a Lean Burn

Engine 417

Catalytic Combustion ofToluene over CuMnOx-Ce02 Catalysts

Supported on Y-A1203 418

Application of Silica Precursor to Reduce Toxic Metal Emissions

from Gas Metal Arc Welding Process 419

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Table of Contents

lie: Vehicle Emission and Clean Transportation 426

Clean Fuels and Vehicles: A Comprehensive, Integrated

Approach 427

Moving Forward on Vehicle Pollution Control in China 430

Reduction ofTruck Emissions in Shaanxi - A Case Study Based on

PEMS Emission Tests 431

Traffic Emission Factors of Particle Number Measured in a Street

Canyon in Stockholm, Sweden 432

Toxic Pollutants in the PM2.5 Emitted from Heavy Diesel

Engine 440

Relationship Between Size-Segregated PAHs and Carbonaceous

Components in Aerosol in Beijing, China 441

Control of Sulphur Oxides Generated by Traffic 442

Compressed Air Powered Vehicles for Green Transportation ...450

Emissions Impacts of Biodistillate Transportation Fuels 451

Ilf: Source Sampling and Characterization 453

Extraction and Dilution Methods for PM2.5 Sampling in Wet and

Dry Stacks 454

Flue Gas Particle Characterization at Different Parts ofthe Power

Plant 455

Emissions reductions from domestic coal burning: demonstration of

an innovative a bottom lit down draft stove 461

Characterization ofLead-Recycling Facility Emissions at Various

Workplaces Using a Complementary Approach 462

Influence of Atmospheric Processes on Particle-Size Characteristics

of Smoke Aerosol Derived from Rice Straw Burning 469

Ilg: Source Characterization 475

On-board Emission Measurement from the World's Largest HeavyHaulers 476

Design of a compact dilution sampler for stationary combustionsources 477

Transformation and Toxicity Assessment ofPAH Emissions from a

Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator/Power Plant in the Pearl River

Delta, China 478

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Table of Contents

Biomass Burning Aerosols: Characteristics and Potential

Impacts 483

Single particle characterization and source identification of aerosol

samples collected at subway stations 484

Formation characteristics and elemental health effects ofPM2.5 dur¬

ing 02/C02 combustion ofpulverized coal 485

Single Particle Analysis ofLead-containing Particles Collected Near

a Smelting Source Using SEM-EDX 494

Single-particle characterization of aerosol particles collected in

Incheon, Korea, during Asian Dust storm event in the fall

of 2009 495

Ilh: Asian Dust Storms 496

The Elemental Composition ofAtmospheric Particles at Beijing,China, During Asian Dust Events in Spring 497

Single-particle characterization of atmospheric aerosols from Gosan,

South Korea, during the ACE-Asia 2001 field campaign using low-

Z particle EPMA 498

Speciation of Individual Mineral Particles ofMicrometer Size by the

CombinedUse ofATR-FT-IR Imaging and Quantitative ED-EPMA

Techniques 504

Characterization ofIndividual Chinese Soil Particles by the Com¬

bined Use ofLow-Z Particle EPMA and ATR-FT-IR imaging Tech¬

niques 505

Monitoring atmospheric pollution during Olympic Games (Beijing,

August 2008) by means of a low cost monitoring station 506

Combined use of SEM/EDX and Raman imaging to characterize the

mixing state of mineral dust particles 507

Magnetic and Chemical Properties of Floor Dust Particles Collected

at a Subway Station 509

Non-Destructive Characterization ofMSW Contaminated Surface

Soil by EDXRF and Low-Z Particle EPMA 510

Track III: Effects on Health, Visibility, and Ecosystems 517

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Table of Contents

Ilia: Visibility and Air Quality 518

Integrating Nephelometer - Visibility and Particulate

Monitoring 519

Comparison between PM1.0 and Visibility Measurements in an Ur¬

ban Area - Looking for Innovative Air Quality Indicators 520

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Haze in FujianProvince, China during the Last Forty Years 525

The Influence ofWind Direction on Visibility Trends in Beijing,Tianjin, and 11 Cities ofHebei Province, China, During1980-2003 526

Relationship of Aerosol Size Distribution and Visibility in a

Sea Fog 532

Application ofWRF/Chem in the Beijing-Tianjin Region:Simulation ofFog and Haze 537

Study on the Haze Pollution Index System for Shanghai 539

Algorithm Development of Visibility Monitoring Technique UsingDigital Image Analysis 540

Impact of Atmospheric Pollutants on Visibility in ChongqingMain City 541

Illb: Air Pollution Impacts on Ecosystems 542

The Athabasca Oil Sands Region: Effects-based Environmental

Monitoring in a Multistakeholder Air QualityManagement Context 543

The Impact of Sulphur Dioxide on Rice Yield 544

Atmospheric Nutrients in Southeast Asia: Identification,Quantification and Impact Assessment 545

Respiration Rate Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide at Coastal

Ecosystems in Suncheon Bay 551Mass Balance ofMercury in a Modern Municipal Solid Waste Land¬

fill in China 552

The Seasonal Burden ofDimethyl Sulphide-Derived Aerosolsin the Arctic and the Impact on Global Warming 559Combined Effect ofEnhanced Uv-B Radiation and Straw Additionon Respiration Rate and N20 Emission from Soil-soybeanSystem 565

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Table of Contents

IIIc: Atmospheric Deposition: Observations and Modeling 566

Spatial Distribution ofPAH Dry Deposition Fluxes onto Snow

Surface at Ankara, Turkey 567

Challenges Diagnosing Foliar Injury to Vegetation from Chronic

and/or Acute Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide 568

Fine Particulate Matter Mass Concentrations in the Athabasca Oil

Sands Region: Comparison with Other Regions in Canada 569

Observation-based Method to Evaluate Nocturnal Ozone

Destruction Due to Dry Deposition and NO Titration

in Southern Taiwan 570

Evaluating a New Deposition Velocity Module in the Noah Land

Surface Model 571

Hid: Indoor Air Quality Investigation in Different

Micro-environments 572

Kinetic Analysis of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Gas-phase

Formaldehyde for Different Concentration Rangeswith Packed-bed Reactors 573

Analysis ofVOCs and Aldehydes in the Classrooms ofElementarySchools in Ulsan, Korea 579

Status and Source Identification ofVOCs in Hospital

Waiting Areas 584

Determination of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs)from Cleaning Products via SPME/GC-FID Analysis 590

Modeling of Indoor Air Quality in Pardisan Biodiversity and Persian

Carpet Museums in Iran 591

Carbonaceous Aerosol During Summer 2009 in Outdoor and Indoor

Environments ofNanchang City, China 592

Assessment ofIndoor Air Quality in Schools in Mumbai, India 594

Existence and Source Analysis of Volatile Aromatic Pollutants in

Hospital Waiting rooms 595

An Intelligent Expert System for Improvement of Indoor

Air Quality in Museum Environments 600

Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality at High Schools in Eski§ehir,

Turkey 601

Effects ofHumidity on the Removal of Low-concentration

BTX in Air Using a Combined Plasma Catalysis System 608

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Table of Contents

Outdoor and Indoor PM2.5 Aerosol Measurements with

PILS-IC 609

A Control Device for Improvement of Indoor Microenvironment

in Commercial Kitchens 610

Hie: Exposure Assessment 611

Exposure and Toxicity Assessment for Ultrafme Particles from Near¬

by Traffic in Urban Air in Seoul 612

Air Quality Levels ofPassenger Cabins in Seoul MetropolitanSubway 618

Characteristics of Ultra-fme Particles Released from Laser

Printers 624

Comparison of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal EC and OC Levels

in Tianjin, China 631

Tempospatial Partition of Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM)and Particulate Mercury (PM) at Background and HeavilyPolluted Urban Sites in Kaohsiung City 636

Collection ofLocation-Time-Activity Data for Air Pollution

Exposure Studies, an International Review and a Case Studyfrom Eskisehir, Turkey 642

Pedestrian Exposure to Size-resolved Fine Particles in

Milano 644

Illf: Risk Assessment Modeling 650

Climate Change-related Temperature Impacts on Warm Season

Heat-Mortality: A Proof-of-Concept Methodology usingBenMAP 651Inhaled Particulate Matter: Size and Risk - The Heart of theMatter 652

Applications of Accidental Release Modeling for EnvironmentalRisk Assessment and Emergency Response in China 655Consideration ofHuman Health Risk Assessmentfor Environmental Impact Assessment in China 660Exposure Risk Analysis of Flu Virus on the Residentsin a Building Group 667

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Table of Contents

Illg: Air Pollution Health Effects (I) 668

The Need for More Extensive Air Quality Monitoring to Resolve

the Air Quality-Health Issue 669

Impact of the Frequency ofAir Quality Monitoring 671

Association between Long-term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution

and Mortality in China: A Cohort Study 673

Association between Particulate Matter in Ambient Air and Cerebro¬

vascular Diseases in Santiago, Chile 674

Assessing Mortality Effects of Traffic-related Air Pollution UsingDifferent Indicators 676

Dicarboxylic acids, elements and isotope compositions of total car¬

bon and total nitrogen in atmospheric aerosols from inland China:

Implications for dust and coal burning emission 683

Illh: Air Pollution Health Effects (II) 685

The Association of Children's Development and Reduction of Prena¬

tal Exposure to Coal-Burning Pollutants - An Environmental Inter¬

vention Study in China 686

Association between ambient air pullution and the hospital emergen¬

cy room visits for respiratory diseases: a case-crossover

study 694

Association of Particulate Air Pollution with Heart Rate Variabilityin Beijing Taxi Drivers 695

Lung Cancer Mortality and Exposure to Atmospheric Aerosol Parti¬

cles in Guangzhou, China 697

Impact ofExposure to Airborne Particulate Matter on Human Health

Effects in Pearl River Delta (PRD) 698

Study on Air Fine Particles Pollution Prediction ofMain Traffic

Route Based on Artificial Neural Network 703

Health Benefit Analysis for Commuters and Roadside Workers Us¬

ing a Portable Air Purifier Device 710

Track IV: Air Quality Modeling 711

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Table of Contents

Track IVa: Long-range and Trans-boundary Transport 712

Air Pollution Episode in Tehran Due to Transboundary Airborne Par¬

ticulates 713

Assessment ofAir Quality Benefits from National Air Pollution Con¬

trol Policies in China 718

Characteristics of atmospheric organic carbon and elemental carbon

in a typical semi-arid area ofNortheastern China and its impact on

the regional environment in spring 725

Numerical Simulation ofan Ozone Pollution Event in Beijing and its

Surrounding Regions 726

Chemical Characteristics of Cloud-Water and Precipitation at a Rep¬resentative High-Elevation Site in South China: TransboundaryTransport of Different Sources 727

Assessing the Impact of Biomass Smoke Aerosol on a Megacity(Guangzhou) in Southern China 734

Regional Transport ofAir Pollutants and Their Impact on the Air

Quality of Shanghai 736

Track IVb: Regional and Multipollutant Modeling 737

US-China Bilateral Collaboration in Air QualityModeling Assessment 738

Simulated seasonal variations in acid wet deposition in East

Asia 739

Modeling ofLong Range Transport in Northeast Asia 741

The Effect of Long-range Transportation ofAerosols on Cloud and

Precipitation 742

Application and Evaluation ofCMAQ for ModelingAir Pollutants in

Shanghai 748Comparison ofADMS and AERMOD model algorithms using a hy¬brid model 749

Impact of meteorological data improvements onRegional Air qualitymodeling 754

Track IVc: Dispersion and Local-scale Modeling 759

Assessment of Air Quality Impacts of Fossil Fuels at Steam PowerPlants

760

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Table of Contents

Predictions of UK regulated power station contributions to regionalair pollution and deposition 767

Practices and Challenges ofApplying CALPUFF in China as a

Regulatory Air Dispersion Model 779

Effects of buildings layout on the flow and pollutant dispersion in

non-uniform street canyons 785

Track IVd: Air Quality Forecasting and Modeling 793

Continuous Development and Application ofGlobal-Through-UrbanWRF/Chem 794

COST ES0602: A Chemical Weather Forecasting Portal 795

Performance Analysis and Application ofEnsemble Air QualityForecast System in Shanghai 801

AQMOS: Air Quality Model Output Statistics - Adjusting for Bias¬

es in Numerical Model Predictions 802

Operational Web-based Air Quality Forecasts: Cascading Real-time

Models for Assessment, Management and Public

Information 803

Air quality forecasting for large urban areas using ADMS-

Urban 808

Track IVe: Receptor Modeling Source Apportionment (I) 817

Estimating the Contribution ofSmoke and Its Source Regions to Fine

Particulate Matter using a Hybrid-Receptor Model 818

Analysis of PM10 Source in the Subway Cabins 819

Seasonal variation of chemical composition in ambient particulatematter in Tianjin offshore area and its source analysis 824

Composition and Secondary Formation of Fine Particulate Material

in the Salt Lake Valley: Winter 2009 826

Chemical composition and source apportionment ofPM1.0 and

PM2.5 in the roadside environment 827

Chemical characteristics of cloud and fog water over Mt. Huang,China 829

Track IVf: Receptor Modeling Source Apportionment (II) 836

Evaluation ofRegional Scale Receptor Modeling 837

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Table of Contents

Analysis ofwood combustion aerosols in ambient air using inorganic

and organic tracer compounds 838

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) observed at a site in the central

Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in autumn of2007 and 2008: Influ¬

ence of the financial crisis 839

Source Apportionment ofPM2.5 in Temuco, Chile, Using Factor

Analysis and IMPROVE Sampling. A Seasonal Analysis 845

A Microscopic Chemical Imaging System for PM Source Apportion¬

ment 853

Seasonal Variation and Source Apportionment ofPolycyclic Aro¬

matic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM10 in an Industrial City,

Korea 854

Track IVg: Photochemical Studies and Analysis 860

Regional Photochemistry Study 861

Photochemical Pollution Indicators in the Subtropics 862

Comparison of Different Gas-Phase Mechanisms and Aerosol Mod¬

ules for Simulating Ozone and Particulate Matter

Formation 866

Influence of building aspect ratio and traffic volume on reactive pol¬lutants dispersion in urban-like street canyons during direct ground

heating 871

Non-linear multi-criteria emission control optimization with a 3D

dynamic photochemical model system 879

Speciation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the atmo¬

sphere of O'Higgins's region-Chile 881

Numerical study of a high ozone event in the lower troposphere from

Indochina biomass burning 883

Influence ofsummer local circulation on the transportation ofozonefrom urban to the downwind area in Beijing 884

Track IVh: Volatile Organic Compounds/Secondary OrganicAerosols 885

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Nano-particle in BangkokAmbient Air 886

Atmospheric PAHs Determination: Influence ofthe Air SamplingTime Program in the Occurrence of Artifacts 895

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Table of Contents

Biogenic secondary organic aerosol tracers in the Pearl River Delta

region 901

Studies on chemical components oforganic aerosols in Okinawa Is¬

land: influence of air pollution transported from East Asia 908

A Multi-phase Chemical Modeling Study on Secondary OrganicAerosol Formation from Toluene in Hong Kong 914

A Regional Model Study of Seasonal Variation of Organic Aerosol

Over China 919

Fabrication ofPt/A1203 Supported Stainless Steel Wire Cloth and Its

Catalytic Performance in Emission Control ofVOCs 920

Track V: Energy and Air Quality Management 921

Va: Air Quality Management Strategies 922

Science-Based Multilateral, Regional Cooperation for the Control of

Air Pollution: A Handbook for Policy-Makers 923

Advancing Air Quality Management Through Mega-Events 924

Air Quality Management in South Africa - Application of the Prior¬

ity Area Management Tool 925

Preparation of Clean Air Plans in Turkey : A Case Study From Es-

kisehir 933

Quantifying the Air Quality Co-Benefits of the Clean DevelopmentMechanism in China 935

A New Comprehensive Database System to Support Air Quality

Management Activities in Developing Counties 936

Application of Fuzzy Theory to the Study of Control Strategy and

Externality ofAir Pollution 938

Vb: The Use of Satellite Observations in Air Pollution

Studies 939

Use of Satellite Observations for Aerosol Detection and Character¬

ization- Part I Methodology 940

Use of Satellite Observations for Aerosol Detection and Character¬

ization- Part 2 Strengths, Weaknesses, and Future Improvements

Expected 941

Aerosol Characterization Using Integrated Satellite and Surface

Measurement 942

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Table of Contents

Determination of AerosolOptical Thickness and Image Refractive

Index from Satellite Measurements Over Oceans 943

Identification of Agricultural Biomass Burning Impacts on BeijingAir Quality and Direct Observation ofAged Smoke Aerosol Parti¬

cles 944

Role of Particulate Pollutants in Local and Regional Weather and

Climate Change Over Ahmedabad, India 950

Vc: Aerosol Chemistry: Polar Organic Compounds 951

Time-Resolved Measurements ofPM2.5 Carbonaceous Aerosols at

Gosan, Korea 952

Occurrence ofLow Molecular Weight Organic Acids in the Aerosol

in Xiamen, China 960

Oxalic Acid, Oxalates, Malonic Acids and Malonates in Transbound-

ary Biomass Burning Aerosols: Measurements and TemporalTrends 961

Determination of Gas/Particle Partitioning of Glyoxal and Other Bi-

functional Species Using the Annular Denuder-Filter SamplingTechnique 962

Seasonal Variation and Source Identification of Water-Soluble Or¬

ganic Carbon in PM10 in Xi'an 968

Heterogeneous Chemistry of Carboxylic Acids On

A-A1203 969

Vd: Strategies for Controlling Black Carbon Emissions 970

Accelerating Climate Benefits While Improving Air Quality: The

Co-Benefits of Reducing Black Carbon 971

Sources Rich in Black Carbon: Net Radiative Impact on Atmosphereand Snow 972

Historical Trend ofBlack Carbon Emissions in China:1990-2007 973

Black Carbon Emission Factors in Residential Stove

Combustion 974

China's Research Progress on Black Carbon Aerosols 975

The Carbon Dioxide-Equivalent Benefits ofReducing Black CarbonEmissions from U.S. Class 8 Trucks Using Diesel Particulate

Filters 976

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Table of Contents

Ve: Black Carbon and Light Absorption Measurements 983

The "Micro" Aethalometer® - An Enabling Technology for New

Applications in the Measurement of Aerosol Black Carbon 984

Towards the Development of Tailored ReferenceMaterials for Black

Carbon and Light Absorption Measurements 990

Emerging Technologies for Measurements ofBlack Carbon 996

Optical Measurements ofPM2.5 Collected on Teflon Filters to Esti¬

mate Elemental Carbon 997

Air Quality Improvement in Tokyo and Relation With Vehicle Ex¬

haust Purification 998

Research Needs To Improve the Understanding and Application of

Thermal/Optical Carbon Measurements 1006

Vf: Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosol 1007

Elemental Carbon (or Black Carbon), Organic Carbon and Their Car¬

bon Isotope Measurements in Fine Airborne PM Over Canada:

Bridging Air Quality and Climate Change Research 1008

OC/EC and Their Stable Isotopes in Fine Particles at a Pair ofUrban

and Rural Sites in Beijing During 2005-2008 1010

Emission and Chemical Properties ofCarbonaceous Aerosols at a

Downwind Rural Site in Guangzhou During July 2006 As Part of

PRIDE-PRD 1016

Carbonate Carbon in PM2.5 Samples Collected in Tongyu,China 1017

Carbonaceous Species Measurements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in

Southern Ontario, Canada 1018

Vg: Clean Energy and Fuels 1025

Energy Densification Via Hydrothermal Pre-Treatment of Cellulosic

Biomass 1026

Landfill Gas to Energy (LFGTE) Project - A Winning Combination

ofRenewable Clean Power With Greenhouse Gas

Reduction ; 1033

Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel: Life Cycle Assess¬

ment 1040

Effects of Climate Measures on Emissionsof Air Pollutants ....1041

21

Table of Contents

Characterization of Particle Size Distribution and Carbonyls in the

Exhaust ofa Small Diesel Generator: Blending Effect ofBiodiesel

andEthanol 1042

Vh: Climate Change and Sustainable Development 1047

Regional and Global Climate Effects ofCombustion PM Sources in

the United States 1048

Impacts ofUrban Design and Planning on Energy Use and Consump¬tion 1054

A Heterogeneous Testing Protocol for Certifying Stove Thermal and

Emissions Performance for GHG and Air Quality Management Ac¬

counting Purposes 1060

Microscale Energy Simulations By Using WRF-UCM and EULAG

Models: Madrid Experiment 1061

Modeling Study ofDrought/Flood Events Over Eastern China Dur¬

ing Last 530 Years 1067

Production and Properties of Biodistillate Transportation Fuels 1068

Life Cycle Assessment Study for Two Different Phenol Production

Processes 1069

Interpreting theNew Mandatory Green House Gas (GHG) ReportingRule 1070

Author Index 1077

22