Proceeding

3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)

Language and Social Change

August 24, 2017

Universitas Andalas,

West Sumatera, Indonesia

Editor

Handoko

Reniwati

Lembaga Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi (LPTIK)

Universitas Andalas

Proceeding

3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)

Language and Social Change

Managing Director

Reniwati

Editor

Handoko

Reniwati

Scientific Board

Nadra (Universitas Andalas)

Oktavianus. (Universitas Andalas)

Jufrizal (Universitas Negeri Padang)

Katharina E. Sukamto (Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia)

Cover Designer Multimedia LPTIK

Cover and Layout :

Multimedia LPTIK

ISBN 978-602-60613-3-1 (Print)

978-602-60613-4-8 (Elektronic)

Publisher Lembaga Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi (LPTIK)

Universitas Andalas

Lantai Dasar Gedung Perpustakaan Pusat Kampus Universitas Andalas

Jl. Dr. Mohammad Hatta Limau Manis, Padang, Sumatera Barat,

Indonesia

Web: www. lptik.unand.ac.id

Telp. 0751-775827 - 777049

Email: sekretariat_lptik@unand.ac.id

ii

Preface

It is undeniable that, like human being, language also changes. The lexicon once used

in a language may no longer be used in the next few years. In contrast, a lexicon that

did not exist before appeared and was widely used in the next period. The

pronunciation of a word may change from time to time.

Many factors can cause language changes. Contacts between cultures or speakers of

different language, language policies made by the authorities or government and the

advancement of science and technology are among the factors responsible for the

change.

Social change in a society is triggered by various factors. In Indonesia, reform is one

of the causes of change in various aspects of social life, including government,

politics, economy and culture. All these changes are recorded by or reflected in

language.

To respond to the effects of the social change to the language, the Graduate Program

in Linguistics, Andalas University (UNAND), in cooperation with the Indonesian

Linguistic Society of UNAND branches, implemented the 3rd ISOL with the theme

‘Language in Social Change.'

This seminar is aimed to facilited linguists, researcher, scholar, students, policy maker

from to discuss the issues of language and social change.

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the keynote speaker, Prof. Dr. Dadang

Sunendar, M.Hum as Head of Balai Bahasa Republik Indonesia, and the invited

speaker, Prof. Madya. Dr. Marlyna Maros (University Kebangsaan Malaysia,

Malaysia), Faizah Sari, Ph.D. (Surya University, Indonesia), Gusdi Sastra, M.Hum,

Ph.D, (Universitas Andalas, Indonesia), and Dr. Djusmalinar Djamarin, M.A. (Prince

Songkla University, Thailand).

We are very greatful to Governor of West Sumatra, Prof. Dr. H. Irwan Prayitno, S.Psi.,

M.Sc for his support to the seminar and for welcoming all the participants at his place

in the opening ceremony and for Mayor of Padang, Ir. H. Mahyeldi, S.P to provide

closing ceremony and dinner at his place. Our gratitude also goes to the Rector of

Universitas Andalas, the Dean of Faculty of Humanities, LPTIK, and our sponsor

Bank Nagari.

Managing Director

Dr. Reniwati, M.Hum

iii

Acknowledgments

The current International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3) entitled: Language

and Social Change. This theme is relevant to linguistics today. What things do the

social change it refer? It ingcludes language and culture, media change, cross

communication, national integration, langaue teaching, politeness, the language in

literature and script, and the role of language in MEA. These sub theme will be

discussed in the current seminar which can be refered by the articles in the proceeding.

The seminar and the proceedings, I think, is about to assert that language not

only portrays itself as a means of disclosure and explanation of the social change, but

it is at the same time the protagonist in the social change. Because of social dynamics

from any point of view, whether idealistic ( begins with the dimension of cultural or

ideological value system) or materialist point of view ( begins from material

dimensions such as ecology, demography, economics, technology), the mediator is

still the language. Once the central role of language in the human life, even language

is sometimes considered more important than thinking. There is no thinking without

language, bak si bisu barasian 'like the mute dreaming'? No matter how good the

ideas, but languages come to articulate it. It is impossible to understand and develop

ideas without a language. Therefore, on be half of of Faculty of Humanities

Universitas Andalas management, we support and give high appreciation to the

commitee, presentes, and participants of this seminar.

On this occasion, allow us to express our sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Dadang

Sunendar, M. Hum (Head of Development and Development Agency of Bahasa

Kemendikbud RI) as a keynote speaker and invited speakers from various countries.

Moreover, greatest gratitude also addresses to all presenters who have contributed in

the seminar, as well as to enrich the proceeding. Of course with the hope that all ideas

submitted and written will contribute positively to the development of language and

social change to a better state over.

Finally, our gratitude to all the organizing committee members who have

worked hard to conduct the seminar well. And also support from various institurion

range from public and private institution who have supported this seminar. May Allah

reward them for the charity.

Padang, Agustus 2017

Dekan,

Dr. Hasanuddin, M.Hum

iv

Table of Content

Preface

Acknowledgments

Table of Content

Endorsing Simulation for EFL Context as a Means to Facilitate

Second Language Acquisition

Abdulkhaleq A. Al-Qahtani

1

Bioacustic Analysis By Using Spektogram Speech Analyzer to

Verify The Verbal Competence of Down Syndrome in Different

Age: The Case Study of Peli and Sutan in SLB Negeri 1 Padang

(A Neurolinguistic Review) Anita Angraini Lubis, Gusdi Sastra, Ike Revita

11

Linguistic Style in Character Name in Negeri Perempuan, A Novel

By Wisran Hadi

18

Minangkabau Language Greeting Pattern Based on Social

Factors: A Case Study at Andalas University

Aslinda, Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar, Norsimah Mat Awal

39

The Transitivity in Kaba: Puti Nilam Tjajo Dengan Dang Tuanku

Gombang Alam

Ayendi

47

Playing with Politeness: The Strategy Used by Authors to Bring

about Solidarity and Respect in Selected Economic Journals

Budianto Hamuddin

57

67

Linguistic Features of Bali Tourism Advertisements

Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi, Putu Nur Ayomi, dan Komang Dian

PuspitaCandra

75

Teaching English Literature in Efl Classroom as The

Strenghtening of Language Use: from Ancient Pedagogy to

Modern Academy

Dodi Oktariza

89

Interjection in Minangkabau Language

Efri Yades, Leni Syafyahya

94

Spoken Language Tradition as the Object of Research for

Formulating the Noble Values of Minangkabau Cultures for the

Younger Generation

Eka Meigalia, Reno Wulan Sari, Wasana

101

Teachers and Parents’ Awareness of On-Instagram’s Sexual

Communication Subtleties

Eky Edel

108

Exploring Methodological Issues in Linguistic Research

Faizah Sari

117

Aprilia Sasmar Putri

Armini Arbain

Speech Verb in Japanese Idiom Darni Enzimar Putri

32

v

Word Reduction in French Facebook Conversation

Fierenziana G. Junus, Myrna Laksman-Huntley , Lilie M. Roosman

125

Verbal Disabilities of the Mentally Handicapped And Their

Therapy Model

Gusdi Sastra, Hendra Permana, Yoffie Kharisma Dewi

131

Learning Foreign Language in Pre-Puberty Age Base on the

Function of The Brain’s Hemisphere

Gusdi Sastra

138

Language Attitude and Sense of Brotherhood During Bargening

Reflected in Minang in Rantau

Handoko, Dwi Anggreini Waskito Putri

148

The Speech Act Uttered by People in West Sumatra After

Earthquake: Review for Classy FM Listeners

Helmita

157

Orlando Shooting: Is Muslim Negatively Portrayed in Crime

News?

Hengki Agus Rifa’i

170

Assessing of Indonesian EFL Students’ Ability in English Texts

Translation

Herdi, Refika Andriani, Destina Kasriyati

177

The Element of Truth Claim Behind the Sign of Da’wa Salafi on

Social Media Instagram: A Semiotics Analysis

Herpindo, Mauli Denil

182

Politeness of Announcements Announced at Tokyo Station Japan

Idrus

191

Andriod Based Bilingual Dictionary of Graphic Technique as

Enrichment of English Course in Graphic Technique Department

Ika Agustina, Syahripal Putra

198

Medical Pragmatic Analysis of Activities of Women Trafficking

in West Java: The Portrait of the Victims

Ike Revita, Rovika Trioclarise

204

Politeness Violation in The Court Session “Kopi Sianida”:

Pragmatics Analysis

Inestie Printa Elisya, Herlin Triana

209

Ergativiy and Subject Deletion in Stylistic-Grammatical

Constructions of Minangkabaunese

Jufrizal

215

Politeness in Language: A review on the Usage of Pronouns and

Unique Expression of Kelantan’s Malay Society

Khuzaiton Zakaria

223

Malakok as a Basis of Integration by Ethnis Minangkabau in

Dharmasraya District West Sumatera Province

Leni Syafyahya, Efri Yades, and Fajri Usman

229

The Role of Same Bipa Program for The Execution of Economic

Diplomation

Lilik Rita Lindayani, Nurmin Suryati, Ahmad Marhadi

236

vi

Indonesian Interrogative Sentences: A Study of Forms and

Functions

Lindawati

243

Kinds and Characterization of Verbal Construction Based on

Morphosemantics analysis Used in Minangkabaunese Found in

Kaba Cindua Mato

M.Wahyudi, Welda Rahmayeni

257

Language Change in Compliment Responses Among The Malay

Generation Y

Marlyna Maros

264

Expressive Complaints of Toy Traders in Solok City Park:

Sociopragmatik Review

Meksi Rahmanesti, Armita Sari, and Nidia Eka Putri Apriyus

273

Translation of Islamic Terms in Laskar Pelangi into Japanese

Novel Niji no Shoonentachi

Mike Nurjana, Sonnya Heliantina Dewi

279

Improving Students’ Achievement in Writing Narrative

Paragraph Through Statement,Extension, Elaboration (SEE)

Method

Misdiana

284

Emergent Scales in the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election

Moniek van Rheenen

289

AFFIX <ter-> in Indonesian: A Language Description

Muhammad Yusdi

297

Translation Challenges in Online News Articles Translation

Muhammad Ersan Pamungkas

305

Website Design Dictionary “Bahasa Gaul – Indonesia” Android

Based

Nelfira, Yessy Prima Putri

314

Acronymization in the Budget Document at Andalas University,

Padang: Study of the Form and the Processes

Noviatri

323

Discourse Structures of Terrorist Indoctrination: Theory of

Doctrine, Human Cognitive Programming, And Weaponized

Cognitive Design For Political Violence

Novra Hadi

332

Malay and Minangkabau LanguageIn Minangkabau Manuscripts

Writing

Pramono, M. Yusuf

341

Batak Clan Names: Saragih, Saragi, And Seragih

Purnama Rika Perdana

348

The Language Use in the Yogyakarta Public Advertisement

Putri Ayu Rezkiyana

356

Understanding of Minangkabau Culture Through Use of Simile

Language Style in Novel Persiden By Wisran Hadi

Putri Dian Afrinda

364

vii

Isogashii Tokoro From Hairyo Hyougen Point of View: A Study of

Politeness in Japanese Society

Radhia Elita

377

Comparison of Throne Verse Translation Results in Indonesian

and Japanese

Rahtu Nila Sepni

384

The Dialectological Comparison of Minangkabau Language in

used at the original area in West Sumatera to the shorelinearea in

Riau Province and Malaysia

Reniwati, Noviatri, Gusti Asnan

391

Improvement of The Indonesian Wrong Words through

Technology Based Applications

Ria Febrina

397

Implicature in Blackberry Messenger Display Picture about the

Rising of Fuel Prices

Rini Afrilesa. J

405

A Study of Classical Text As a Development Source of

Minangkabau Lexicography

Rona Almos, Pramono, Herry Nur Hidayat, and Seswita

411

Indonesian Laguage Error on Foreign Speaker: Rubrics Case

Study "Taman Dongeng" KBS World Radio, South Korea

Ronidin

415

Comparative Study of Filipino and Indonesian Language (Specific

in Verbs, Pronouns, Nouns, and Adjectives)

Ruth R. Bepinoso

422

Investigating the Extreme Aspects of Terrorist’s Strategic

Discourse Engineering in Imam Samudra’s Last Letter

Sawirman

429

Social Factors in Language Use: How Speakers of Banten Javanese

Language Maintain Mother Tongueas Identity Marker

Siti Suharsih

435

Language Using in Communication Inter-Indonesian in South

Korea

Sonezza Ladyanna

442

The Variation of English Language Used by the Local Teachers in

Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia

Sri Imelwaty, Yendra, Willy Satria

448

Diathesis System in Mandailing Language

Sri Indah Rahmiati Nasution, Najmia Riani, Ruli Oknita Sari

453

The Minangkabau Local Wisdom in Numeral Classifier for Food

Ingredient Counter Case of HalabanIsolects,Lima Puluh Kota

District

Sri Wahyuni, Nadra, and Ria Febrina

460

Teaching English with Natural Acting and Natural Talking

(TENANT)

Syaifullah

470

Nonstandard Words On News Titles In the West Sumatra

Newspaper

479

viii

Titiek Fujita Yusandra

Teenager on Istagram: Neurolinguistic Perspective

Winda Trisnawati

491

Ideology and Power in Arab-Malay Discourse of Sheikh Batang

Kabung’s Works

Yasirly Amrina, Nidia Eka Putri Apriyus, and Anita Angraini Lubis

496

#AdaAQUA

Yessy Prima Putri

504

The Role of Local Knowledge For Disaster Education

Yoko Takafuji

512

The improvement of students’ speaking skill by using guessing

games technique

Yuni Elisdawati

519

Language and Social Change

ISBN : 978-602-60613-3-1

448

The Variation of English Used by the Local English

Teachers in Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia

Sri Imelwaty, Yendra, Willy Satria STKIPPGRI West Sumatra

imelwaty05@stkip-pgri-sumbar.ac.id

Abstract

English has become a worldwide English language as it is widespread all over the

world. Sociolinguistics reality has shown that different varieties of English have

arisen due to the contact of the English language and the local culture. In the context

of English language teaching within the non-English speaking countries such as

Indonesia, it is assumed that the teachers of English teach a monolithic version of

standard British (British Received Pronunciation) or Standard American English

(SAE). However, this condition should be questioned whether those teachers of

English use Standard English or they speak a certain variety of English. The aim of

this study is to describe linguistically the English of the local teachers. Some English

teachers who serve at local high schools in Padang West Sumatra Indonesia became

the participants of this study. They can speak English, Indonesian as their national

language, and Minangkabau language as their regional dialect. Their English was

analyzed qualitatively regarding their linguistic features. The findings of this study

indicate that the English of those teachers is phonological, morphologically and

syntactically different to SAE or British English. The findings of this study could

inform English language teaching pedagogy in the Indonesian context.

Keywords: Varieties of English, linguistics features, teachers of English

INTRODUCTION

English is a language that has become a global language. It was noted

that more than 335 million people from 101 countries in the world that use

English (Aziz, 2014). This means that almost the whole world know and even

regard English as a second language in addition to the primary language that

is used as a tool for communication. Moreover, some countries use English as

an official language.

Variation of the English language appears due to the contiguity of a

language with other local languages by those bilingual and multilingual

language users. This shows that the English language at this time is no longer

in a single form but also turn into plural varieties based on the context of native

speakers (worldwide) termed World Englishes (Kachru et al, 2009).

From the Sociolinguistic point of view, English is a foreign language

which is automatically intersected with the social culture of the community.

This influences the form and structure of the language. Social relations,

culture, and language are in a continuing relationship which is on an ongoing

basis. This turns into a circle that is always spinning; certain social patterns

Proceeding 3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)

Universitas Andalas, August 24, 2017

449

will produce certain linguistic patterns which in turn resulted in a return of

social patterns and so on.

In Indonesia, although English is still regarded as a foreign language

(English as a Foreign Language /EFL), English has been taught at all

educational level; even starting from primary education, up to higher

education. This indicates that English is the primary subject in Indonesian

schools. Theoretically, the English curriculum in Indonesian schools focusing

on the level of formal (structural) English that refers directly to the concept of

English in America (American), English (UK) and Australia (Australian).

They are classified as the official language (standard English) and refers to the

standard English of the native speakers of English that can be measured by the

tests such as TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language), TOEIC (Test of

English as International Communication), IELTS (International English

Language Testing System),TOEP (Test of English Proficiency), and others.

However, this situation raises several questions; (1) Is the English which

is taught in schools in Indonesia a standard English? Because everyday English

(languages use) is much different from what is taught in the formal schools.

Then, (2) Is there any possibility that the English which is being taught in

schools are a kind of the variation of English which is different to native

speakers of English? According to Alip (2004), the English of the people in

Indonesia is linguistically and culturally different. Thus those people will not

speak English like those in other countries which use English as their native

language. To this end, this study was conducted to determine whether the

teachers of English in Indonesian context use Standard English or a variation

of English (World Englishes). Therefore, the object of this research was

focusing on the English of the high schools English teachers as they their

English is being used as the model in their classrooms. These teachers have

been exposing their English to the students for years.

METHOD

This study was descriptive in which the data was obtained from

observations, documentations, analysis, field notes. 12 teachers of English who

teach in secondary schools in the city of Padang, West Sumatra participated in

this study. While they were teaching and speaking English, their voices were

recorded and then the sound of their voice was transcribed. The sentences

which were pronounced by the teachers are also transcribed. Transcriptions

were the primary data in this study. In analyzing the data, the inductive analysis

was conducted; the categories appeared in term of the linguistic traits that

appear. The results of data analysis present the linguistic aspects of the

teachers’ English related to sounds, words, and sentence structures. These

results are then presented in the form of a narrative description.

Language and Social Change

ISBN : 978-602-60613-3-1

450

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results and the discussion of this study present on what variations

appear in those English teachers’ English. It was found the phonological,

morphological and syntactic variations. When those variation are being

referred to standard (American, British, Australian) English as found in

TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language), TOEIC (Test of English as

International Communication), IELTS (International English Language

Testing System),TOEP (Test of English Proficiency), these variations become

deviant English that could be regarded as an error (mistake /error). However,

when it is viewed from the English as a mean for communication, then these

variations can be accepted.

Variation in Phonology

In English, the vocal sounds, tends to be pronounced by the sound of a

diphthong (diphthongs) such as; [ei], [ou], [ai], [au], [uw], [ow],[ƆI], and so

forth. While the usual trend in the use of English by those teachers in the city

of Padang the diphthongs are not pronounced as seen in the data below: (D.5) If you dont have the money to pay this book is ok [...]

(D.9) Why you are not come yesterday?

(D.52) Ambril do not you listen to Miss explain this last meeting?

(D.71) We live in Indonesia with so many land around us.

In the above data, the sound of 'pay' (D.5), the sound of 'come' (D.9), the

sound of 'listen' (D.15), and the sound of 'land' (D.71) are is the diphthong

sound in English. However, the teachers tend to make these sounds into vowels

monophthongal or single vowel. They are not nasal sound but in Standard

English, it is nasal sound which are by removing the noise through the mouth

(oral cavity) and nasal cavity (nasal cavity) simultaneously.

Variations in Morphology

The morphological rules in English change the verbs form into the

present, past and future. However, these forms were not found in the teachers’

English. This can be caused by the influence of the Indonesia and

Minangkabau language - either Indonesian or Minangkabau language does not

recognize the changes of the tenses/time on the verb but rather only giving the

indications of time. For example: (D.9) Why you are not come yesterday?

S P Comp

(D.21) Collect your homework that Miss give to you las tweek! P Comp conj SP Comp

(D.52) Ambril do not you listen to Miss explain this last meeting? SP S P Comp

Proceeding 3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)

Universitas Andalas, August 24, 2017

451

On the three sample sentences in the above data (D.9, D.21, D.52), it was

found that the verb in each sentence form i.e. come, give, and listen do not

change into the morphological form. They only use a basic verb form that is

used as a marker of the present tense. This can be seen that in the Standard

English grammar, these forms are incorrect. However, semantically these

sentences can be understood in accordance with the state of the time using the

words such as yesterday, last week, last meeting which act as compliments that

complete the meaning of the sentences. Therefore, the use of language cannot

be regarded as an error or mistake. It is only a variation of English without

damaging its structure syntactically such as in D.9 which is a simple sentence,

D.21 which is the combined sentence (compound), and D.52 which is

classified into a combined sentence mixture (complex sentence).

Variations in Syntax

The variations in syntax appear syntactically on the teachers’ English

was found in the use of the verb as predicate (P) and compliance with the

subject (S) at the grammatical level. In the structure of Standard English

sentence, it is always formed on the noun phrase (NP) which is acted as a

subject and it is followed by a verb phrase (VP) as a predicate. In this case, the

use of the form of the verb is always influenced by the subject (S). For

example, when the subject in a single sentence, the verb form used is also in

singular form. Conversely, when the subjects used are in the plural form, the

verb must also be in the plural form as well.

In contrast to Indonesian or Minangkabau language (the regional

dialect), the predicate used is not influential on the subject, because the verb in

Indonesian or Minangkabau language does not recognize the singular or plural

form. Thus, it is likely to affect the formation of a phrase used by those

teachers. It is eventually formed its own variations. For example; (D.84) Rudi, you have to study hard (D.12) Why you come late?

(D.19) My mom love me very much

In some samples of the above data, the use of the verb "have to" in D.84

sentence, the verb 'come' on D.12 sentence, and the verb 'love' on D.19

sentence are grammatical errors in Standard English, because they have plural

verb. While the subjects are participated in the singular form, they should use

the singular verb. Thus, the verb form should become "has to 'on D.84

sentence, the verb 'comes' on D.12 sentence, and the verb 'loves' on D.19

sentence.

However, when it is viewed as a whole syntactic structure of a sentence,

the sentences D.84, D.12, and D.19 have the subject (S) and predicate (P)

consisting of NP and VP although in the written language (in the context of

writing), the sentence is not in accordance with the correct order; but when it

is viewed as a communication, the sentence is a speech that has a complete

Language and Social Change

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452

meaning as a language. Thus, it can be considered as a variety of oral or spoken

language which meaning can be.

The teachers’ English tend to omit the verb that syntactically in Standard

English. They are the clause or the sentence which become the subject (S) by

its category as a noun phrase (NP) and predicate (P) by its category as a verb

phrase (VP ). This becomes the habit formation of the variation of English

because the use of the adjective without the use of ‘to be’, as it is seen in the

following data samples. (D.73) Study with him ok, he a good boy

(D.5) you smart, but lazy

(D.16) you late, so you stand in front of the class

In their meaning, the utterances above (D.73, D.5 and D.16) are intended

to become sentences, but if they are examined grammatically in Standard

English, the sentences are not correct sentences, although the syntax of a

sentence has a subject (S) and predicate (P). It is because the predicate is not

categorized as a verb phrase (VP).

From the syntactical description, the removal of the verb on the sentence

structures changes the Standard English structure that should be in the form of

the subject NP and VP for predicate. This constructs a new variation with

comprehensible utterances by forming patterns on the subject and AdjP NP for

the predicate, but it only applies to predicate with adjectives.

CONCLUSION

English is a language which expands and becomes an integral part in

almost all the global community; so that English will no longer having a single

system which only the people in Britain and its former colonies has the

privilege to own it. English has also become a means of connecting nations.

Consequently this situation leads to the language paradigms ranging from

Standard English to English with various variations called "Word Englishes".

REFERENCES [1] Alip, FB (2004). The Feasibility of Indonesian English.Retrieved from

http://usd.ac.id.

[2] Aziz, Aulia Lukman. (2014). Strengthening Indonesian Identity as Symbol of

National Identity and Language Unity Ahead of Implementation of the ASEAN

Economic Community (AEC) in2015.JOURNAL OF SOCIAL STUDIES, Th.

6, No. 1, May 2014, 14-20.

[3] Kachru, BB, et al, C. L (Eds). (2009). The Handbook of World Englishes.

Malaysia: Wiley-Blackwell.

[4] Kachru, B. (1997). World Englishes 2000: Resources for research

and teaching. In Smith, LE & Forman, ML (eds), World Englishes:

SelectedEssays,Vol. 14, University of Hawaii, pp. 209-251.

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