ProceduresCh 9 Urinary System

Diagnostic Procedures

• Catheterization– The insertion of a sterile catheter through the

urethra and into the urinary bladder– Most commonly performed to withdraw urine,

relieve urinary retention pressures, or prevent incontinence during surgical procedures

– May also be used to place fluid, such as a chemotherapy solution, into the bladder

Diagnostic Procedures

• Cystoscopy – also known as cysto– Visual examination of the urinary bladder using a

cystoscope

Diagnostic Procedures

• Intravenous pyelogram• KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) is a radiographic

study of these structures without the use of a contrast medium. Also referred to as a flat-plate of the abdomen

• Intravenous urography• Excretory urography• Retrograde urography

Diagnostic Procedures

• Cystography • Voiding cystourethrography • Urinalysis

– Used to test for • Blood• Protein• Sugars• Drugs• Toxins

Treatment Procedures

• Medications– Diuretics

• Medications administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess sodium and water

Treatment Procedures

• Dialysis – a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function. – Two types of dialysis

• Hemodialysis – blood is filtered directly through a machine

• Peritoneal dialysis – the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

Treatment Procedures

• Kidneys– Kidney transplant– Nephrolysis– Nephrostomy – Pyeloplasty– Pyelotomy – Nephropexy

• The surgical fixation of a floating kidney

Treatment Procedures

• Kidneys cont.– Removal of kidney stones

• Lithotripsy– The destruction of a kidney stone with the use

of ultrasonic waves traveling through water– Also known as extracorporeal shockwave

lithotripsy or ESWL– http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player

_detailpage&v=Yl8Qy79aLk0• Nephrolithotomy

– Surgical removal of a kidney stone through an incision in the kidney

Treatment Procedures

• Ureters– Ureterectomy– Ureteroplasty– Ureterorrhaphy

Treatment Procedures

• Urinary Bladder– Cystectomy– Cystopexy

• Surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

– Cystorrhaphy – Lithotomy– Suprapubic catheter

Treatment Procedures

• Urethra – Meatotomy – Urethropexy– Urethroplasy

• Surgical repair of the urethra• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=playe

r_detailpage&v=nxajZ50Mqow– Urethrostomy– Urethrotomy