problem solving techniquescase study

7/29/2019 Problem Solving Techniquescase Study

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EFFECTIVE PROBLEMSOLVING TECHNIQUES

PRESENTED BY:

MADHURENDRA KUMAR

MUKUL ANAND

VEERESH TRIPATHI


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Most people rush to find

solution before knowing thereal problem.


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What is Problem?

Problem is a chance for you to do your best.

A problem is the difference between the actualstate and desired state.

A problem is an opportunity for improvement.


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Most people spend more time and

energy going around problems than

in trying to solve them.

Henry Ford


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What is Problem solving?

Problem solving is a tool, a skill and a process.

It is a tool because it can help you to solve an

immediate problem or to achieve a goal.


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It is a skill because once you have learnt it

you can use it repeatedly, like the ability to

ride a bicycle, add numbers or speak a

language.

It is also a process because it involves a

number of steps.


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Steps to Problem Solving


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STEPS:

1.Identify the problem

Involves identifying the problem in order to

find an appropriate solution.

2.Explore the problem

Looking at the problem from different angles.Such as:

How is this problem affecting ?


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3.Set goals After having thought about the problem from

different angles one can identify their goals.

4.Look at Alternatives

Involves brain-storming for ideas to collect alist of possibilities.


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5.Select a possible solution

Choosing the most relevant and manageable

alternative.

6.Implement a possible solution

Putting the chosen solution in action.

7.Evaluate

Examining the possible solution for its effectiveness.

For e.g.:

How effective was that solution?


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GUIDELINES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE

PROBLEM SOLVING

Run over the elements of the problem in rapid

succession several times, until a pattern emerges

that encompasses all elements simultaneously.

Suspend judgment, dont jump to conclusion.

Explore the environmental and vary the temporal

and spatial arrangement of the material


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Produce a second solution after the first.

Critically evaluate your own ideas andconstructively evaluate those of others.

Take a break when you are really stuck.

Talk about your problem with someone, youmay have missed some aspects of it.


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Techniques of Problem Solving

SWOT - Analyzing strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats.

Systems Diagrams - Understanding how factors

affect each other.

Cause & Effect Diagrams - Identifying likely

causes of problems.


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Porter's Five Forces - Understanding the balance of

power in a situation.

PEST Analysis - Understanding "big picture" forces

of change.

Value Chain Analysis - Achieving excellence in the

things that matter.

Mckinsey Engagement- A powerful tool kit for

efficient and effective team problem solving.

Cognitive tools & attitudes, team (talk , evaluate ,

assist & motivate) & focus (frame ,organize ,collect ,

understand & synthesize).


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Trend charts (run charts), representation of

data in time sequence (spikes & dips in data to

identify sudden performance changes).

Pareto Analysis

Statistical technique in decision making that is used for

selection of a limited number of tasks that produce

significant overall effect.

It uses the Pareto principle i.e. a large majority ofproblems (80%) are produced by a few key causes

(20%).


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MAPS (Multivariate Analysis, Participation and

Structure) by Kilmann and Mckelvey.

MAPS groups tasks into task-cluster , people into

people-cluster , assigning jobs in clusters results in an

alternative organzational design.(12 step design

technology).

Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Teams.to introduce process changes to improve the quality of

a product or service, to better match customer and

consumer needs.

Project Teams, members usually belong to different

groups, functions and are assigned to activities for

the same project.


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Few other tools Facility layout diagrams.

Work flow analysis.

Information flow analysis. Process analysis charts.

Fishbone diagrams.

Difficulty-impact grids.

Activity analysis.

Time studies.

Statistical process control (SPC).

Failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA).

Fault tree analysis (FTA).

Check sheets.

Histograms.

Scatter plots

Cause and effect diagrams.

Control charts.


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Effective Problem Solving

Conditions

A clear, precise problem statement which is not too

general or too restrictive.

Appropriate involvement of others in the goal-setting

process.

A supportive work climate which encourages

production of ideas helpful to the organization. Avoidance of too hasty evaluation through a

separation of idea production from idea evaluation.


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A systematic, orderly evaluation of the pros and cons

of all alternatives involved and the degree of

confidence in actual receipt of benefits.

Separation of ideas from the people so the ideas are

evaluated on their own merit.

Emphasis on challenging but realistic objectives

rather than wordy definitions limiting responsibility.

Recognition that individual differences in

personalities and in situation require flexibility of the

manager in using problem-solving approaches.


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Conclusion Effective problem solving requires effective

diagnosis, creative solutions and anorganizational awareness.

Designers have to begin at the more basiclevel & mobilize resources within a given

organization design.

The need for more managers to effectivelyunderstand orderly problem-solving

procedures. There is a need to develop and use a problem-

solving process that is both scientific andindividual differences viewpoints.


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Thank You!

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