problem solving strategies why bother?? - people at vt...
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Lecture
Todays Lecture 9/6/16
Problem Solving Strategies—Why Bother??
Introduction to the Course
Problem Solving Strategies, Why Bother?
Joel Barker: Discovering the Future
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 1 10/29/2017
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 2 10/29/2017
Very Important
Important
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National Science Foundation Grant
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 3 10/29/2017
$350,000 National Science Foundation Grant
to Research Problem Solving
H. Scott Fogler 350,000
Three Hundred and Fifty Thousand
mm/dd/yyyy
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16
Contributing Companies
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Goal: To learn how engineers, scientists and managers went about solving problems and the techniques they used.
Typical Company Visit
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 6 10/29/2017
Chapter 1
H. Scott Fogler
Steven E. LeBlanc with Benjamin Rizzo
Strategies for Creative
Problem Solving
Prentice Hall
3rd Edition (2014)
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The greatest hurdle companies faced in Problem Solving
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 7 10/29/2017
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The greatest hurdle they faced in Problem Solving
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 8 10/29/2017
Defining the Perceived Problem Instead of the Real Problem
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 9 10/29/2017
The Perceived Problem
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The Annoying Wait
Shortly after the upper floors of a hotel got
renovated, guests started to complain that the
elevators were too slow.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 10 10/29/2017
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The Annoying Wait
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 11 10/29/2017
The manager’s instructions to solve the perceived problem:
“Find a way to speed up the elevators.”
Next, the manager’s directions were:
“Find a location and design a shaft to install another elevator.”
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 12 10/29/2017
Problem Solved
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 13 10/29/2017
Find a Better Solvent
A few years ago a major oil company was
developing a process for the Department of
Energy to produce liquid petroleum products from
coal in order to reduce the U.S. dependence on
foreign oil.
Coal
Oil
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The Better Solvent
In this process, solid coal particles were ground
up, mixed with solvent and hydrogen, then passed
through a furnace heater to a reactor that would
convert the coal to gasoline.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 14 10/29/2017
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The Better Solvent
Sometime after installation excessive amounts of a
tar-like material were being deposited on the pipes
in the furnace, causing fouling and plugging.
Management told its engineers
“Find a better solvent”
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 15 10/29/2017
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The Better Solvent
• Why is the Deposit Forming?
• Brainstorm and List all the Possible Causes.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 16 10/29/2017
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Improving Oil Recovery
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 17 10/29/2017
Perceived Problem Statement:
“Find ways to improve oil recovery”
Proposed Solution to Solve the Perceived Problem
Inject Better Surfactants and Viscosifers
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Improving Oil Recovery
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 18 10/29/2017
Perceived Problem Statement:
“Find ways to improve oil recovery”
Real Problem Statement
“Learn why the well is not producing as expected”
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New Bills Smeared
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 19 10/29/2017
Perceived Problem Statement:
“Find a Better Printing Ink”
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New Bills Smeared: Find a Better Printing Ink
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 20 10/29/2017
Better Problem Statement.
• Brainstorm and List all the things
that could cause the ink to smear.
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 21 10/29/2017
Murray River Dams
Right Problem Definition
BUT
Wrong Solution
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 22 10/29/2017
Grow agriculture crops in arid land
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Grow Agriculture Crops in Arid Land
The following solution was chosen by the
Australian government:
“Design and build a dam to divert the river water
inland to irrigate the land.”
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 23 10/29/2017
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 24 10/29/2017
Murrary River Flows From the Mountains to the Sea
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 25 10/29/2017
Build Dams along the Murrary River
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Dam the Torpedo or Torpedo the Dam?
The following solution was chosen by the
Australian government:
“Design and build a dam to divert the river water
inland to irrigate the land.”
Unfortunately, no new vegetation grew.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 26 10/29/2017
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 27 10/29/2017
London Underground
Right Problem Definition
BUT
Wrong Solution
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Jubilee Line
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 28 10/29/2017
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Jubilee Line
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 29 10/29/2017
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Jubilee Line
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 30 10/29/2017
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 31 10/29/2017
Jubilee Line
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 32 10/29/2017
Always Carry Out a Potential Problem Analysis
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What Could Go Wrong?
K.T. Potential Problem Analysis
1. Brainstorming a list of all the potential problems
2. For each problem identified, brainstorm all the
possible causes to that problem
3. For each cause, brainstorm a list of preventive
actions.
4. For each problem, brainstorm a list of
contingency actions if your preventive actions
fail to prevent the problem from occurring.
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 33 10/29/2017
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 34 10/29/2017
Define
Generate
Decide
Implement
Evaluate Safety Considerations
Ethical Considerations
Evaluation Checklist
Follow up
Carry Through
Planning
Budget
Deployment Chart
Gantt Chart
K.T. Analysis Decision (Musts/Wants)
Situation (Timing, Trend, Impact)
Potential Problems (preventative actions)
Components of the Heuristic
Statement-Restatement
Duncker Diagram
Critical Thinking
K.T. Problem Analysis (Is/Is Not)
Futuring
Brainstorming
Blockbusting
Cross-Fertilization
Approval
Change Management
Troubleshooting
Analogy
TRIZ
Critical Thinking Questions
Structured Critical Reasoning
Critical Thinking Actions
Lateral Thinking
Vertical Thinking
Free Association
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 35 10/29/2017
The Five Steps of the Heuristic
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Advice from Previous Classes
• Start work on the project early
• Mention that you’ve taken a problem solving class in any interviews you
have and you’d be surprised how impressed people are when you can
explain a KT decision analysis.
• Pay attention to lecture. At first I thought his class was going to be a joke,
I was dead wrong. I believe it helped me tremendously.
• What you put into the class is proportional to what you will get out of it
• Outside of class, think about situations or other classes you could apply
the material: you’ll surprise yourself.
Top 5 Consensus Comments