problem gambling prevention: then & now · 11% of sports bettors nationwide have bet on esports...

“LEVELING UP” IN HOW WE DEFINE

GAMING & GAMBLING

MARYLAND CONFERENCE ON PROBLEM GAMBLINGJUNE 14, 2019 | JULIE HYNES, MA, CPS

IN THIS HOUR, YOU’LL BE ABLE TO:

• Describe recent trends in video games that connect to gambling behaviors.

• Identify vulnerable populations and criteria connecting problem “gaming” and gambling.

• Describe methods of addressing gaming in the problem gambling field.

www.maccg.org/maryland

The slide deck presented here, with clickable links, can be found at:


1:38 PM

1. TRENDS.

THE OBVIOUS.

Of 100 most popular Facebook games, more than half (54%) include gambling content (22% are slot-based)

Jacques, et al, 2016www.maccg.org/maryland

Source: Hynes. Lottery machine at Sea-Tac Airport, 2018.

THE KIND OF OBVIOUS.

We don’t think of these things as gambling.

Therefore, we don’t think our young people are gambling.

GAMIFICATION.

Lottery machine at Sea-Tac Airport , 2018

SUSSING OUT THE BLURRING LINES

1. PRIZE:

2. CHANCE:

3. CONSIDERATION:

Anything of value the sponsor awards in a promotion.

A process beyond the participant's direct control determines the outcome.

Requires money or significant effort.

Rose, I.N. (2006) www.maccg.org/maryland

NOW, LET’S LOOK AT THE LESS OBVIOUS.

“FREEMIUM”

FREE* APPS…* (WITH “IN-APP PURCHASES.”)

REAL MONEY FOR PRETEND MONEY / PRIZES

LET’S PLAY “GUESS THE SPORT!”


ANSWER: OVERWATCH (VIDEO GAME)

Source: http://www.espn.com/esports/story/_/id/24153101/overwatch-league-playoffs-london-spitfire-becomes-first-overwatch-league-playoffs-finalist (July 30, 2018)


http://www.espn.com/esports/story/_/id/24153101/overwatch-league-playoffs-london-spitfire-becomes-first-overwatch-league-playoffs-finalist

May 2, 2018: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/style/fortnite.html

ESPORTS:COMPETITIVE VIDEO GAMING


https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/style/fortnite.htmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/style/fortnite.html

TRADITIONAL SPORTS

A NEW EXPLOSION OF SPORTS.

Etc… Etc…And new games keep coming…

ESPORTS


https://overwatchleague.com/en-us/?utm_source=Google%20US&utm_medium=Search&utm_content=23027325&utm_campaign=BLZ_OWL_L_Launch_SEM_Phase_1_Q4_2017_NA

STREAMING

www.twitch.tv

http://www.twitch.tv/

CNN, March 2019:

Source: https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/18/tech/esports-varsity-arena/index.html

https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/18/tech/esports-varsity-arena/index.html

SCHOLARSHIPS & MORE.

ESPORTS REVENUE, IN MILLIONS

https://www.statista.com/statistics/490522/global-esports-market-revenue/ www.maccg.org/maryland

https://www.statista.com/statistics/490522/global-esports-market-revenue/

WHERE DOES THE $ COME FROM?

• Sponsorships• Betting• Prize pools• Merch• Ticket sales


Source: https://ftw.usatoday.com/2018/04/nba-2k-league-draft-lebron-james-dimez-artreyo-boyd-mavs-gaming-first-overall-profile

WHAT WE KNOW: GAMING & GAMBLING CONVERGE

- Direct competition- Skins- Fantasy- Loot boxes & other microtransactions

Source: https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/03/how-esports-gambling-and-sports-betting-are-converging/

https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/03/how-esports-gambling-and-sports-betting-are-converging/

NEW WAVE OF SPORTS BETTING11% of sports bettors nationwide have bet on esports

Data source: National Survey on Gambling Attitudes and Gambling Experience (NGAGE), 2019 www.ncpgsurvey.org

http://www.ncpgsurvey.org/

HOW GAMBLING WORKS IN ESPORTS.

2. Fantasy esports

1. Betting on professional gaming teams

Image source: csgostash.com

3. Betting in-game decorations (skins”) & “pay to win”…

2017 Overwatch World CupImage source: pcgamer.com


UNDERAGE SKIN GAMBLING ON THE RISE (4/30/19)

Click for video:https://sociable.co/web/underage-skin-gambling-on-the-rise/

https://sociable.co/web/underage-skin-gambling-on-the-rise/

SKINS. Entertainment. Street Cred. Possible $.

Image Source: https://csgostash.com/

Prediction: total spend on loot boxes and skin gambling will reach US $50 billion by 2022

Source: https://sociable.co/web/underage-skin-gambling-on-the-rise/

https://csgostash.com/https://sociable.co/web/underage-skin-gambling-on-the-rise/

SKINS. Entertainment. Street Cred. Possible $.

Image Source: https://csgostash.com/ www.maccg.org/maryland

https://csgostash.com/

PRIZE. CHANCE. CONSIDERATION.


“MICROTRANSACTIONS.”

Let’s start with a game you may be familiar with.

(BTW, this game earns $2 Billion annually.)

THE LOOT BOX.

Form of microtransaction.

Could get something really cool… but probably not.


LOOT BOX IN ACTION.

Animation source: https://gfycat.com/gifs/detail/zealousglossygazellewww.maccg.org/ncsummit

11% of 11-16 year-olds have placed bets using in-game items.

Data source: U.K. Gambling Commission, https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news-action-and-statistics/news/2018/Gambling-Commission-publishes-new-report-on-children-and-gambling-trends.aspx

Video source: YouTube “Pretty Good Gaming,” Full video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLYNM_PmMm0

https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news-action-and-statistics/news/2018/Gambling-Commission-publishes-new-report-on-children-and-gambling-trends.aspxhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLYNM_PmMm0

OOH!

FINALLY I CAN LEVEL UP!

WOOHOO! COOL FREE GAME!

&@*$#! IT’S GETTING

HARDER.

“PAY TO WIN.”

Source: Custer, R. & Rosenthal, M.Image source: http://www.pngmart.com/image/130982

http://www.pngmart.com/image/130982

https://www.cnet.com/news/international-coalition-calls-on-video-game-industry-to-crack-down-on-loot-boxes/#www.maccg.org/maryland

“We are increasingly concerned with the risks being posed by the blurring of lines between gambling and other forms of

digital entertainment such as video gaming. Concerns in this area have manifested themselves in controversies

relating to skin betting, loot boxes, social casino gaming and the use of gambling themed content within video

games available to children.

- U.K. Gaming CommissionSource: https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/PDF/International-gaming-and-gambling-declaration-2018.pd

”www.maccg.org/maryland

https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/PDF/International-gaming-and-gambling-declaration-2018.pdf

HAWLEY BILL (5/8/19) Would prohibit “manipulative design” (loot boxes

and microtransactions” Would protect those under 18 Would be enforced by Federal Trade Commission

https://www.hawley.senate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/2019-05-08_Protecting-Children-Abusive-Games-Act_One-Pager.pdf; https://www.hawley.senate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/Loot-Box-Bill-Text.pdf

https://www.hawley.senate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/2019-05-08_Protecting-Children-Abusive-Games-Act_One-Pager.pdfhttps://www.hawley.senate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/Loot-Box-Bill-Text.pdf

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business-blog/2019/04/ftc-workshop-looks-loot-boxes

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business-blog/2019/04/ftc-workshop-looks-loot-boxeshttps://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business-blog/2019/04/ftc-workshop-looks-loot-boxes

2. RISKS

Source: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/how-video-game-companies-are-using-gambling-tactics-to-make-customers-addicted-2017-9

SO MANY CONNECTIONS…


GAMING ADDICTION THE DSM…Not yet.

“INTERNET GAMING DISORDER” (IGD) is…

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, D.C: Author.


2018 World Health Organization ICD-11: Gaming Disorder

Source: World Health Organization. (2018). http://www.who.int/features/qa/gaming-disorder/en/ www.maccg.org/maryland

http://www.who.int/features/qa/gaming-disorder/en/

Source: Park, Alice. (2019, May 29). ‘Gaming disorder’ is now an official medical condition, according to the WHO. Time. Available at: https://time.com/5597258/gaming-disorder-icd-11-who/

https://time.com/5597258/gaming-disorder-icd-11-who/

BUT…DOUBTS...

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/02/health/internet-gaming-addiction.html

HAVE WE HEARD THIS STORY BEFORE?

Entertainment Software Association’s Pierre-Louis thinks the WHO’s new classification is a “bad idea because it isn’t supported by a preponderance of medical evidence.”

https://venturebeat.com/2019/02/20/how-the-esas-acting-ceo-views-video-game-addiction www.maccg.org/maryland

https://venturebeat.com/2019/02/20/how-the-esas-acting-ceo-views-video-game-addiction

Source: Petry, et al., 2014. An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approachhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457

CROSSWALKING GAMING & GAMBLING DISORDER CRITERIA

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457

= Internet Gaming Disorder criteria checklist (Petry, et al., 2014)

SAME CRITERIA• Tolerance• Preoccupation• Use to escape• Inability to cut back/quit• Irritability when cutting

back/quitting• “Chasing” losses• Lying or concealing• Risk/lose relationships

• Continue despite neg. consequences (gaming)

• Bailouts (gambling)• Give up other activities

(gambling)

Source: Petry, et al. (2014). An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457

DIFFERENCES:


http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457

ONLINE GAMBLING & ESPORTS BETTING

Study of sports betters (n=501) showed that esports bettors are more likely to:

–have greater breadth of play (more types of gambling)

–Have greater severity of gambling problems

Gainsbury, Abarbanel, & Blaszczynski , 2017

Similarities between those with internet gaming disorder (IGD) & pathological gamblers:• Less sensitive to loss• More reactive to gaming and gambling cues• More impulsive choices

IGD & “PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING”

Fauth-Büler, M. & Mann, K., 2015

ADOLESCENTS & SOCIAL CASINO GAMES

Adolescents playing simulated gambling games more likely to later move to real gambling…

…and are also more likely to have later gambling problemsGainsbury et al., 2014; King, Delfabbro & Griffiths, 2010

SOCIAL CASINO GAMES

In one study of social casino gamers (n=521):- 19% were more likely to

gamble for $ as a direct result of playing the games

- 9.6% reported gambling overall had increased

Gainsbury et al., 2016

LOOT BOX RESEARCH• Paying for loot boxes

linked to problem gambling (Zendle & Cairns, 2018)

• Over 90% of gamers had opened a loot box (Brooks & Clark, 2019 –caveat – adult gamers)

Source: Brain Briefings (2007, October), Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC

GAMING/GAMBLING & DOPAMINE

Dopamine not released when expecting a loss.Flooded with dopamine when expecting a win!

It’s NOT about the money!

ThePREFRONTAL CORTEX is the LAST PART to

25

The brain is still

developinguntil

YOUTH RISKS.

SO…IT APPEARS THAT THE GREATEST AT-RISK POPULATIONS ARE:• Youth• Young adults• Gamers• Sports bettors• Those who engage in social casino games &

microtransactions• People in recovery

I quit drinking over 19 years ago, and for many of the early years I did not enter bars, keep

booze in my house...But the poor soul who gets hooked on betting through the phone probably

cannot give up the phone."

- Richard Schuetz, 4/20/19, https://ggbnews.com/article/phoning-it-in/

RECOVERY.

https://ggbnews.com/article/phoning-it-in/

WHAT ABOUT OTHER POTENTIAL AT-RISK GROUPS?

3. NOW WHAT?

THESE ARE THE SAME DISORDERS

IN EVERYTHING BUT THE MONEY.

WE ARE THE MOST EQUIPPED PROFESSION TO

DEAL WITH GAMING DISORDERS.

IF NOT US, WHO?

PROVIDING SERVICES

Using same strategies effective already in your work (i.e., you don’t have to know all of the details of the new tech!)

What can we do to

help prevent harm?

Px education & awareness

Policy & industry safeguards

ID & referral to treatment

PREVENTION


AWARENESS/EDUCATION

Capturing those who may not “think” they are gamblers.

AWARENESS/EDUCATION

Include gambling in conversationsabout alcohol & other drugs, ANDtechnology.

POLICY & ADVOCACY

Engaging community members & partners to advocate on any laws involving online gambling / fantasy sports, loot boxes, etc. (can use NCPG guidelines as a tool).

WHO SCREEN TIME GUIDELINES 4/24/19• Under 2: no screens• 2-4: one hour or less of screen time/day

“Replacing prolonged restrained or sedentary screen time with more active play, while making sure young children get enough good-quality sleep. Quality sedentary time spent in interactive non-screen-based activities with a caregiver, such as reading, storytelling, singing and puzzles, is very important for child development.”

https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/24-04-2019-to-grow-up-healthy-children-need-to-sit-less-and-play-more

https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/24-04-2019-to-grow-up-healthy-children-need-to-sit-less-and-play-more

COMMUNICATEexpectations.

USE TECHto your advantage.

Remember about when you need to shut the game off.

☺ love u

Jordan. Off. Now.

It’s LoL, mom.

K

Mom9:46PM

9:31PM

9:13 PM

9:45 PM

9:45 PM

9:46 PM

+ |

• Rating• In-app purchases• Loot boxes• Watching games• Playing with them

76

MONITORING

SUPER HELPFUL RESOURCE FOR PEOPLE WITH GAMING PROBLEMS: www.gamequitters.com

@Camerondare

http://www.gamequitters.com/https://twitter.com/camerondare

“ No one cares how much you know until they know how much you care.”

- Theodore Roosevelt.


facebook.com/MACouncil@MassCouncilCG@julhynes

REFERENCESAssael, S. (2017, January). Skin in the game: Counter-Strike has spawned a wild multibillion-dollar world of online casino gambling; it's barely regulated and open to any kid who wants in. ESPN. Retrieved from http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/18510975/how-counter-strike-turned-teenager-compulsive-gambler

Bányai, F., Griffiths, M., Király, O., Demetrovics, Z. (2018). The psychology of esports: A systematic literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9763-1

Carey, B. (2018, July.) Endless gaming may be a bad habit. that doesn’t make it a mental illness. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/02/health/internet-gaming-addiction.html

Fauth-Büler, M., Mann, K. (2015, Nov.) Neurobiological correlates of internet gaming disorder: Similarities to pathological gambling. Journal of Addictive Behaviors doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.004

Fung, B. (2018, November). U.S. consumer watchdog to investigate video games loot boxes. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/11/28/us-consumer-watchdog-investigate-video-game-loot-boxes/?utm_term=.23f7f1e1c00e


http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/18510975/how-counter-strike-turned-teenager-compulsive-gamblerhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9763-1https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/02/health/internet-gaming-addiction.htmlhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/11/28/us-consumer-watchdog-investigate-video-game-loot-boxes/?utm_term=.23f7f1e1c00e

REFERENCESGainsbury, S., Abarbanel, B., & Blaszczynski, A. (2017). Intensity and gambling harms: Exploring breadth of gambling involvement among esports bettors. Gaming Law Review, 21(8), 610-615. https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2017.21813

Gainsbury, S., Russell, A., King, D., Delfabbro, P., & Hing, N. (2016). Migration from social casino games to gambling: Motivations and characteristics of gamers who gamble. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 59-67.

Gainsbury, S. Russell, A., & Hing, N. (2014). an investigation of social casino gaming among land-based and internet gamblers: A comparison of socio-demographic characteristics, gambling and co-morbidities. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 126–35. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.031.

Jacques, C., Fortin-Guichard, D., Bergeron, P., Boudreault, C., Levesque, D., Giroux, I. (2016). Gambling content in Facebook games: A common phenomenon? Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 48-53.

King, D., Delfabbro, P., & Griffiths, M. (2010). The role of structural characteristics in problem video game playing: A review. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 4, 1. Retrieved from https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/4229/3272 www.maccg.org/maryland

https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2017.21813https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/4229/3272

REFERENCESKuss, D.J. & Griffiths, M.D. (2012). Online gaming addiction in children and adolescents: A review of empirical research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1, 3-22. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.1.2012.1.1

Petry, et al., 2014. An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457

Rose, I.N. (2006). Gambling and the law: An introduction to the law of internet gambling. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 10, 1-14.

Throuvala, M., Janikian, M., Griffiths, M., Rennoldson, M., & Kuss, D.(2019, in press). The role of family and personality traits in Internet gaming disorder: A mediation model combining cognitive and attachment perspectives. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.05

World Health Organization. (2018). International Classification of Diseases 11th edition (ICD-11). http://www.who.int/features/qa/gaming-disorder/en/


https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.1.2012.1.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12457http://www.who.int/features/qa/gaming-disorder/en/

“LEVELING �UP”IN THIS HOUR, YOU’LL BE ABLE TO:SLIDE DECKSlide Number 4THE OBVIOUS. �� SUSSING OUT THE BLURRING LINESNOW, LET’S LOOK AT THE LESS OBVIOUS.“FREEMIUM”REAL MONEY FOR PRETEND MONEY / PRIZESLET’S PLAY “GUESS THE SPORT!”�ANSWER: OVERWATCH (VIDEO GAME)ESPORTS:�COMPETITIVE VIDEO GAMINGSlide Number 18STREAMINGCNN, March 2019:SCHOLARSHIPS & MORE.ESPORTS REVENUE, IN MILLIONSWHERE DOES THE $ COME FROM?Slide Number 24WHAT WE KNOW: �GAMING & GAMBLING CONVERGENEW WAVE OF SPORTS BETTINGHOW GAMBLING WORKS IN ESPORTS.UNDERAGE SKIN GAMBLING ON THE RISE (4/30/19)� SKINS. Entertainment. Street Cred. Possible $.SKINS. Entertainment. Street Cred. Possible $.PRIZE. CHANCE. CONSIDERATION.“MICROTRANSACTIONS.”THE LOOT BOX.LOOT BOX IN ACTION.11% of 11-16 year-olds have placed bets using in-game items.“PAY TO WIN.”Slide Number 37“HAWLEY BILL (5/8/19)Slide Number 40Slide Number 42Slide Number 43SO MANY �CONNECTIONS…GAMING ADDICTION THE DSM…Not yet.2018 World Health Organization �ICD-11: Gaming DisorderSlide Number 47BUT…�DOUBTS...��Slide Number 49CROSSWALKING GAMING & GAMBLING DISORDER CRITERIASlide Number 51SAME CRITERIAONLINE GAMBLING & ESPORTS BETTINGIGD & “PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING”ADOLESCENTS & SOCIAL CASINO GAMESSOCIAL CASINO GAMESLOOT BOX RESEARCHGAMING/GAMBLING & DOPAMINESlide Number 60SO…IT APPEARS THAT THE GREATEST AT-RISK POPULATIONS ARE:“WHAT ABOUT OTHER POTENTIAL AT-RISK GROUPS?Slide Number 66Slide Number 67Slide Number 68PROVIDING SERVICESPREVENTION AWARENESS/EDUCATIONAWARENESS/EDUCATIONPOLICY & ADVOCACYWHO SCREEN TIME GUIDELINES 4/24/19Slide Number 75Slide Number 76 SUPER HELPFUL RESOURCE FOR PEOPLE �WITH GAMING PROBLEMS:Slide Number 82Slide Number 83REFERENCESREFERENCESREFERENCES

problem gambling prevention: then & now · 11% of sports bettors nationwide have bet on esports...

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