probing the marine environment

8/19/2019 Probing the Marine Environment

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Probing the Marine Environment

Objectives

-probing the marine environment

-understanding the importance of other marine organisms in biotechnology

-discovering other applications of marine biotechnology

Trivia:

Seaweeds are not only used in food but when used in biotechnology they have the

capacity to detoify serious organic pollutants!

"ocabulary:

P#$ %Polymerase #hain $eaction& ' a method for selectively amplifying regions of

()* by in vitro replication involving repeated denaturation and renaturation of the

()* template!

+luorescent ()* probes ' probes labeled by ,uorescent tags rather than

radioisotopes detection is by ,uorescence

.ivalves ' a member of a class of burrowing or sessile mollus/s that includes

oysters0 clams and mussels!

1astropods ' a member of phylum Mollusca characteristics include a soft body that

is supported by a ,at0 muscular foot and protected by a cap-shaped shell eamples

are snails0 abalones and sea slugs!

Etremophiles ' organisms usually found in the most inhospitable environments!

These organisms snuggle up to scalding hydrothermal vents in the Paci2c Ocean!

They cling to ice in *ntarctica! They burrow in the high deserts of #hile and wallow

in salty la/e beds of East *frica!


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Pre-Test: Probing the Marine Environment

*! True or +alse! (raw if true and if false!

3! Modern biotechnology methods have made useless contributions in many

areas of marine research!

4! .iotechnology methods are increasing our understanding of the scarcity0

distribution and rates of growth of various marine organisms!

5! .ecause of Marine .iotechnology0 the country of origin of important 2sh

stoc/ populations can be established!

6! ()* probes or P#$ can identify currently un/nown intermediate life stages of

important marine organisms!

7! Many of the pathogens released into the marine environment will remain

unidenti2ed because of marine biotechnology!

.! Enumeration!

3!

4!

5!

6!

7!

#ontributions of marine biotechnology in the improvement of the

marine environment


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Probing the Marine Environment

The world’s oceans comprise the biggest part of the biosphere and contain the most ancient anddiverse forms of life. Only with the tools of modern science can these biological resources be studied in

detail and thereafter be applied for human benefit and fundamental scientific progress.

Modern

molecular biology tools are available for learning about the basic processes by which marine

organisms adapt to their environments, which are often extreme in nature and which may prove

useful in industrial and medical processes.

The study of the interaction of marine organisms with each other and with

their environment is an interesting area of marine biology! Modern biotechnology

methods have made important 1E)E$*8 contributions in many areas of marine

research:

• $apid identi2cation and 9uanti2cation of new species and populations of

microscopic marine organisms• Trac/ing of commercially important organisms

• (evelopment of diagnostics to detect contaminants0 pollutants and

pathogens in seafood and the environment• se of marine organisms in biomedical research

The marine environment harbors a wealth of new organisms! .iotechnology

methods are increasing our understanding of the abundance0 distribution and rates

of growth of various marine organisms! These are SPE#;+;# eamples of the

important contributions of marine research:

+or the identi2cation and 9uanti2cation of new species:

• Speci2c ()* probes and the polymerase chain reaction allow di


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• Microplan/ton has been shown to be the base of the food chain that supports

most of the other marine animal species in the oceans! They can be identi2ed

by ,uorescent ()* probes!• Microbial primary producers are being identi2ed and 9uanti2ed by P#$ and

,ow cytometry!

+or trac/ing of commercially important organisms• 8arval invertebrates and microbes0 which are often di>cult to isolate0 can

readily be trac/ed in the environment!• The country of origin of important 2sh stoc/ populations can be established

as well!

+or the development of diagnostics to detect contaminants and pollutants in the

environment and seafood and also for biomedical researches:

• Ecological processes as critical as primary production in the oceans can be

studied more easily with the help of biotechnology!• ;n polluted areas0 the numbers and types of microbes that cause disease can

be readily identi2ed! Eamples!- ?epatitis * and E and cholera a


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Seaweeds - marine seaweeds have a capacity to detoify serious organic

pollutants such as T)T or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and may be able

to play an important role in protecting the ecological health of marine life!

Marine )atural Products - Microbial-sponge co-culture 0 marine nutriceuticals0

en=ymes from marine organisms0 including hyperthermophilic *rchaea and8ectins

Enrichment

;dentify or 2nd 6 important MAs that can be found on the lesson! ;t may be a

microbe0 a pathogen0 a techni9ue0 etc!

Enumerate the 1E)E$*8 contributions of Marine .iotechnology according to thelesson! ?;)T: The initial letters of each statements are given!

( -

-


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$ -

T '

Post Test

*! ;denti2cation! ?int: $efer to the vocabulary also!

3! * method for selectively amplifying regions of ()* by in vitro replication

involving repeated denaturation and renaturation of the ()* template!

#omplete name!4! Probes labeled by ,uorescent tags rather than radioisotopes detection

is by ,uorescence5! * member of a class of burrowing or sessile mollus/s that includes

oysters0 clams and mussels!6! * member of phylum Mollusca characteristics include a soft body that is

supported by a ,at0 muscular foot and protected by a cap-shaped shell

eamples are snails0 abalones and sea slugs!7! Other than P#$0 it allows di


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Summary

Marine biotechnology has continued to develop in recent years as a field of application of modern

science and engineering of critical importance to the understanding, protection and exploitation of the

resources of the sea. It is recognized that the sea’s resources remain largely unexplored and marine

organisms represent a vast untapped resource with potential benefits in many different areas of life,

including medicine, auiculture and fisheries, industry, research tools and environmental applications!

including new techniues to restore, protect and manage marine ecosystems. Marine organisms are also

potential sources of discovery of new types of composite materials, biopolymers and enzymes for

industry, biosensors, delivery systems and other economically valuable compounds.

The combined expertise of many fields from molecular biology to chemical and physical

oceanography contribute to the development of the "nowledge platform upon which marine biotechnology

applications render goods and services for public benefit. The ever#expanding commercial biotechnology

industry constantly see"s novel or improved sources of products. This industry now possesses the

necessary infrastructure and expertise for large#scale bioprospecting to identify and collect a variety of

marine organisms or genes of potential use. $ioscreening then selects out those with the most desirable

characteristics. %ources include microorganisms, plant or animals, which may be harvested or cultured.

Through marine biotechnology, we are able to probe the marine environment further about

the uses of each microbe or organism and to apply it in the problems occurring in the marine life habitat.

The contribution of the marine biotechnology is big in a sense that we are able to identify specific

organisms through it and to counterattac" or use as an advantage the capabilities of each organism and

apply it.


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$eferences:

.arnum0 Susan $! Biotechnology An Introduction! .elmont0 #*: Thomson

.roo/s@#ole0 4FF7

Electron! G! .iotechnol! v!6 n!4 "alparaHso ago! 4FF3

Ihttp:@@www!scielo!cl@scielo!phpJpidKSFC3C-567D4FF3FFF4FFFF5LscriptKsciarttetN

Pre-Test: Probing the Marine Environment %*nswer ey&

*! True or +alse! (raw if true and if false!

B! Modern biotechnology methods have made useless contributions in many

areas of marine research!

C! .iotechnology methods are increasing our understanding of the scarcity0

distribution and rates of growth of various marine organisms!

D! .ecause of Marine .iotechnology0 the country of origin of important 2sh

stoc/ populations can be established!

! ()* probes or P#$ can identify currently un/nown intermediate life stages ofimportant marine organisms!

3F!Many of the pathogens released into the marine environment will remain

unidenti2ed because of marine biotechnology!

.! Enumeration!

#!(!E!+!1!

Possible *nswers:• $apid identi2cation and 9uanti2cation of new species and population of

microscopic marine organisms!

#ontributions of marine biotechnology in the

improvement of the marine environment


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• Trac/ing of commercially important organisms

• .ioremediation of marine niches

• (evelopment of diagnostics to detect contaminants0 pollutants and

pathogens in seafood and the environment!• ;ncreases our understanding of the abundance0 distribution and rates of

growth or various marine organisms

Enrichment %*)SE$ EQ&

;dentify or 2nd 6 important MAs that can be found on the lesson! ;t may be a

microbe0 a pathogen0 a techni9ue0 etc!

Enumerate the general contributions of Marine .iotechnology according to the

lesson!

( - (evelopment of diagnostics to detect contaminants0 pollutants andpathogens in seafood and the environment

- se of marine organisms in biomedical research


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$ - $apid identi2cation and 9uanti2cation of new species and populations ofmicroscopic marine organisms

T ' Trac/ing of commercially important organisms

Post Test %*)SE$ EQ&

*! ;denti2cation! ?int: $efer to the vocabulary also!

3! * method for selectively amplifying regions of ()* by in vitro replication

involving repeated denaturation and renaturation of the ()* template!

#omplete name! %Polymerase #hain $eaction &4! Probes labeled by ,uorescent tags rather than radioisotopes detection

is by ,uorescence %+luorescent ()* Probes&5! * member of a class of burrowing or sessile mollus/s that includes

oysters0 clams and mussels! %.ivalves&6! * member of phylum Mollusca characteristics include a soft body that is

supported by a ,at0 muscular foot and protected by a cap-shaped shell

eamples are snails0 abalones and sea slugs!%1astropods&7! Other than P#$0 it allows di


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probing the marine environment

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