probabilistic causal models for nutrition outcomes of ... · conclusions •decision analysis is a...

Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of Agricultural Actions Eike Luedeling Cory Whitney

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Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of

Agricultural Actions

Eike Luedeling

Cory Whitney

Page 2: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

http://hdsa.org/wp-

content/themes/hdsa/images/img_livingHD_nutrition1.jpg

http://www.tatachemicals.com/upload

/images/masthead/Agriculture.jpg

How can we study the Agriculture-Nutrition linkage…?

Page 3: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

http://hdsa.org/wp-

content/themes/hdsa/images/img_livingHD_nutrition1.jpg

http://www.tatachemicals.com/upload

/images/masthead/Agriculture.jpg

…if the link isn’t direct?

How can we study the Agriculture-Nutrition linkage…?

Page 4: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

http://www.tatachemicals.com/upload

/images/masthead/Agriculture.jpg

http://hdsa.org/wp-

content/themes/hdsa/images/img_livingHD_nutrition1.jpg

…and involves many “confounding” factors?

…if the link isn’t direct?

How can we study the Agriculture-Nutrition linkage…?

Page 5: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

The statistical challenge may not look like this:

Page 6: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

…but like this:

A serious

challenge to our

common

statistical

procedures!

We’ll need deeper systems understanding to study this!

Page 7: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

Confronting complexity

• A rather daunting challenge (?)

• Complete, ‘objective’ understanding may not be attainable (or prohibitively costly)

• Fortunately, for deciding whether an intervention works, we may not need to know everything…

• …and we can build on existing knowledge held by locals and experts

• Is existing knowledge sufficient for deciding whether a specific intervention works?

• If not, what do we need to measure?

Decision Analysis answers these questions

Page 8: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

Causal decision model development with stakeholders

KenyaFruit trees on farms

UgandaVision 2040

Homegardens vs.

commercial farms

Decision Analysis

The Uganda Vision 2040 model

Conclusions

• Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research

• It is important that we consider causality and adequately represent complexity

• Precise knowledge on complex agricultural systems can’t realistically be achieved at scale – fortunately it’s often not needed

• Decision Analysis provides strategies for using our state of knowledge (incl. uncertainty) to compare decision options and evaluate interventions

• Still work to do on adapting Decision Analysis approaches to work on agricultural development contexts

Page 12: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

Our IMMANA experience

• Specific program to identify innovative approaches, which are urgently needed!

• Safe space to try new methods

• Fostered a necessary interdisciplinary conversation

• Incubator of innovation and ideas for future work

• Very well managed, incl. flexible where flexibility was needed

Thanks IMMANA!

Page 13: Probabilistic Causal Models for Nutrition Outcomes of ... · Conclusions •Decision Analysis is a useful paradigm for ANH research •It is important that we consider causality and

Bayesian Network modeling

• Causal modeling approach

• Each node is related to its parents through conditional probability tables (if parent = A, then child = B)

• Each table only describes one relationship, which is usually easy to consider

• Probabilistic linkage

• Allows considering uncertainty and risk in a quantitative model

• Value of Information analysis, a capability added by this project, allows highlighting critical uncertainties

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