Prison Population Management

John BaldwinJohn Baldwin

DirectorDirector

Iowa Department of CorrectionsIowa Department of Corrections

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What factors have the greatest What factors have the greatest impact on the size of the prison impact on the size of the prison population?population?

The Economy?

Crime Rates?

Unemployment?

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What factors have the greatest What factors have the greatest impact on the size of the prison impact on the size of the prison population?population?

Sentencing Policies

Corrections Practices

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Iowa: How we cleaned up Iowa: How we cleaned up our mess…our mess…

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……and brought our prison and brought our prison population under controlpopulation under control

Iowa's Prison Population

8,000

8,200

8,400

8,600

8,800

9,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Rated every state-funded intervention in CBCs and prisons on EBP principles

Some programs eliminated; others improved

47% of CBC interventions are now Promising or Excellent (up from 26%)

TPC Model:TPC Model:Use effective interventions onlyUse effective interventions only

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% of Offenders with Substance Abuse Need Released from Prison Without Treatment

35.1%

3.3%2.0%

59.6%

SA Need/No CBC Tx

SA Need/Successful Tx

SA Need/Unsuccessful Tx

SA Need/Other Tx Completion

Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Are we meeting needs?Are we meeting needs?

Chart 6: New Conviction Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/No Treatment by Location

-15.0% -10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0%

PCD

IFI

Project TEA @ JBU

Luster Heights SAP

STAR

New Frontiers

Violator's Program - Regular @ CRC

SAT/Criminality

Journey

TOW @ CCF

TC

TOW @ CCFL

Project TEA @ FM3

WINGS

SAP @ MPCF

ALTA

Violator's Program-Regular @ ICIW

Extent of Recidivism Reduction Recidivism Increase

Total Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/No Treatment by Intervention

-20.0% -15.0% -10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%

IFI

STAR

PCD

Luster Heights SAP

Project TEA @ FM3

SAT/Criminality

Project TEA @ JBU

Journey

SAP @ MPCF

TOW @ CCFL

WINGS

Violator's Program - Regular @ CRC

TOW @ CCF

ALTA

New Frontiers

TC

Violator's Program-Regular @ ICIW

Extent of Recidivism Reduction Recidivism Increase

Additional community support lowers rate of new conviction.CBC SupervisionSubstance abuse treatment/aftercare in CBC

But only 14.2% released to CBC receive additional substance abuse interventions.

Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Prison Substance Abuse Tx:Community aftercare is key.Community aftercare is key.

CBC Substance Abuse Tx:CBC Substance Abuse Tx:Are our programs effective?Are our programs effective?

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Total Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/ No Treatment by District

(Higher Risk Offenders Only)

Statewide

8JD

7JD

6JD

5JD

4JD

3JD

2JD

1JD

-40.0% -35.0% -30.0% -25.0% -20.0% -15.0% -10.0% -5.0% 0.0%

Extent of Recidivism Reduction

CBC Substance Abuse Tx:CBC Substance Abuse Tx:Effective for which offenders?Effective for which offenders?

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Substance Abuse Inpatient/ Residential TreatmentNew Conviction Recidivism Rate - Difference Between Successful

Treatment and Substance Abuse Need/ No Treatment by LSI-R Risk Category (Higher Risk Offenders Only)

Statewide

Low/Moderate

Moderate

Moderate/High

High

-40% -35% -30% -25% -20% -15% -10% -5% 0%

Extent of Recidivism Reduction

TPC Model:TPC Model:Risk reduction is main focusRisk reduction is main focus

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Return Rate to Prison

Releasees in FY2000, FY2004 & FY2007

32.0%

33.0%

25.4%

33.9%

34.2%

32.5%

32.4%

32.9%

27.8%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%

Overall

Males

Females

% Returned Within 3 Years of Release

FY2000FY2004FY2007

Risk Reduction Risk Reduction ForFor African-American OffendersAfrican-American Offenders

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Return Rate to Prison: New ConvictionReleasees in FY2000, FY2004 & FY2007

16.1%

20.8%

13.1%

18.8%

22.1%

17.6%

17.6%

15.5%

21.9%

28.9%

18.2%

19.5%

17.9%

23.8%

25.6%

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%

Asian

Native American

Hispanic (Any Race)

White Non-Hispanic

Black Non-Hispanic

% Returned Within 3 Years of Release

FY2000FY2004FY2007

Iowa’s First Reentry ProgramIowa’s First Reentry ProgramResultsResults

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Return Rate to Prison: Reentry Group vs. Non-Reentry (18-Mo. Follow-Up)

69.7%

59.6%

52.7%

43.6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Black

White

Race

% Returned to Prison

Reentry Group

Control Group

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A 10% drop in LSI-R score leads to a 6% reduction in recidivism for our highest risk probationers (U of Cincinnati 2008).

This research tell us our efforts to reduce offender risk through targeted interventions is working. The results are fewer crimes, fewer victims.

CBC EffectivenessCBC EffectivenessProven ResultsProven Results

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CBC EffectivenessCBC EffectivenessProven ResultsProven Results

Percent of At-Risk Parole Population Returned to Incarceration: 2007Iowa, Surrounding States & All States

16.5%

12.7%

24.9%

15.3%

18.9%

22.5%

15.8%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

All States Iowa Missouri Nebraska SouthDakota

Minnesota Wisconsin

% R

etu

rned

to

Pri

son

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Commitment to Iowa CBCCommitment to Iowa CBC

Ranks 41st in offenders on community supervision per 100,000 adult residents.

Ranks 27th in the ratio of probationers to prisoners (BJS 2007), indicating judges’ trust in the quality of supervision and services provided by Iowa’s eight district departments of correctional services.

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Unfortunately…Unfortunately…We stepped in it.We stepped in it.

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Future: New record high?Future: New record high?

Iowa's Prison Population

8,000

8,200

8,400

8,600

8,800

9,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Questions?

Questions?

Questions?

Questions?

Questions?

Questions?21