prisms - mhz electronics · right-angle prisms right-angle prism as a mirror aluminized hypotenuse...

13
10.2 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com Singlets Doublets & Triplets Cylindrical Optics Mirrors Prisms & Retroreflectors Beamsplitters, Windows, Optical Flats Polarization Components Filters High Energy Laser Optics Diode Laser Optics The index of BK7 is sufficiently high to guarantee the TIR of a collimated beam at 45 degrees internal incidence over the visible and near infrared region. The possibility of significant TIR failure with convergent or divergent beams should be kept in mind if polariza- tion is important. TIR can also fail if the hypotenuse face is not kept extremely clean. Even an almost invisible fingerprint can lead to TIR failure. An aluminum or silver coated hypotenuse is rec- ommended for applications where the right angle-prism is fre- quently handled, or where convergent or divergent beams are used. There is a slight loss of reflectance at all internal angles with the coat- ing, and no critical angle exists. Prisms are blocks of optical material with flat polished sides arranged at precisely controlled angles to each other. Prisms may be used in an optical system to deflect or deviate a beam of light. They can invert or rotate an image, disperse light into its compo- nent wavelengths, and be used to separate states of polarization. PRISM ORIENTATION The orientation of a prism determines its effect on a beam of light or image. A viewer looks through a prism at an object and sees a virtual image (see figure at top right). This image may be displaced from the original object, or it may coincide with the object if a dove prism is used. Furthermore, image orientation may differ from the object; in this case, the right angle prism shown has reversed left and right. A real image (see figure at bottom right) can be formed only if imaging optics are present in the system. Without imaging optics, the image is virtual. A virtual image has the same orientation as the real image shown, but it can be viewed by the observer only by looking back through the prism system. ABERRATIONS FOR PRISMS Prisms will introduce aberrations when used with convergent or divergent beams of light. Using prisms with collimated or nearly collimated light will help minimize aberrations. Conjugate distances that include prisms should be long. TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION Rays internally incident upon an air/glass boundary at angles greater than the critical are reflected with 100% efficiency regard- less of their initial polarization state. The critical angle is given by: and depends on the refractive index, which is a function of wave- length. If, at some wavelength, the refractive index should fall to less than }} 21.414, the critical angle will exceed 45 degrees, and total internal reflection (TIR) will fail for a collimated beam internally incident at 45 degrees on the hypotenuse face of a right-angle prism. Reflectance decreases rapidly at angles of incidence less than the critical angle. Prisms object right-angle prism exit face hypotenuse face entrance face virtual image of object: visible only to observer Virtual imaging using a prism object right-angle prism exit face hypotenuse face entrance face Real imaging using a prism vl l c arc sin 1 n ( ) =

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10.2 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com

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The index of BK7 is sufficiently high to guarantee the TIR of acollimated beam at 45 degrees internal incidence over the visible andnear infrared region. The possibility of significant TIR failure withconvergent or divergent beams should be kept in mind if polariza-tion is important. TIR can also fail if the hypotenuse face is notkept extremely clean. Even an almost invisible fingerprint can leadto TIR failure. An aluminum or silver coated hypotenuse is rec-ommended for applications where the right angle-prism is fre-quently handled, or where convergent or divergent beams are used.There is a slight loss of reflectance at all internal angles with the coat-ing, and no critical angle exists.

Prisms are blocks of optical material with flat polished sidesarranged at precisely controlled angles to each other. Prisms maybe used in an optical system to deflect or deviate a beam of light.They can invert or rotate an image, disperse light into its compo-nent wavelengths, and be used to separate states of polarization.

PRISM ORIENTATION

The orientation of a prism determines its effect on a beam of lightor image.

A viewer looks through a prism at an object and sees a virtualimage (see figure at top right). This image may be displaced fromthe original object, or it may coincide with the object if a dove prismis used. Furthermore, image orientation may differ from the object;in this case, the right angle prism shown has reversed left and right.

A real image (see figure at bottom right) can be formed only ifimaging optics are present in the system. Without imaging optics,the image is virtual. A virtual image has the same orientation as thereal image shown, but it can be viewed by the observer only bylooking back through the prism system.

ABERRATIONS FOR PRISMS

Prisms will introduce aberrations when used with convergentor divergent beams of light. Using prisms with collimated or nearlycollimated light will help minimize aberrations. Conjugate distancesthat include prisms should be long.

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

Rays internally incident upon an air/glass boundary at anglesgreater than the critical are reflected with 100% efficiency regard-less of their initial polarization state. The critical angle is given by:

and depends on the refractive index, which is a function of wave-

length. If, at some wavelength, the refractive index should fall to less

than √}}2≈ 1.414, the critical angle will exceed 45 degrees, and total

internal reflection (TIR) will fail for a collimated beam internally

incident at 45 degrees on the hypotenuse face of a right-angle prism.

Reflectance decreases rapidly at angles of incidence less than the

critical angle.

Prisms

object

right-angle prism

exitface

hypotenuseface

entranceface

virtual image of object:visible only to observer

Virtual imaging using a prism

object

right-angle prism

exitface

hypotenuseface

entranceface

Real imaging using a prism

v ll

c arc sin1

n( ) =

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:20 PM Page 10.2

Visit Us Online! www.mellesgriot.com 1 10.3

SingletsD

oublets & Triplets

Cylindrical Optics

Mirrors

Prisms &

RetroreflectorsBeam

splitters,W

indows,

Optical Flats

PolarizationCom

ponentsFilters

High Energy

Laser Optics

Diode Laser O

pticsAvailable in:

✔ Production Quantities

Dove prisms are used as image rotators. As the prism is rotated,the image passing through will rotate at twice the angular rate ofthe prism.

$ Dove prisms can be used with parallel or collimated light.

$ Normally used in TIR mode with the hypotenuse faceunaluminized.

$ The useful aperture can be doubled by aluminizing or silver-ing the hypotenuse face of two identical prisms with theirfaces cemented together.

$ Single layer, HEBBAR™, and V-coatings are available forentrance and exit faces. For HEBBAR coating, please specifythe /079 coating suffix since it is specifically designed for a45-degree angle of incidence.

SPECIFICATIONS: DOVE PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.15 mm

Design Index: 1.5168

Design Wavelength: 587.6 nm

Surface Flatness:l/2 at 632.8 nm over 90% of edge dimension

Angle: 83 arc minutes

Material: BK7, grade A fine annealed

Surface Quality: 60–40 scratch and dig

Clear Aperture: 90% of dimension A

Coating: Optional, see Chapter 5, Optical Coatings

Dove Prisms

CA

BA

Dove prism

Unaluminized Dove Prisms (TIR)

A

(mm)

B

(mm)

C*

(mm)

PRODUCT

NUMBER

1.2

2.0

2.5

3.6

6.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

1.7

2.8

3.5

5.1

8.5

14.1

21.2

28.3

5.07

8.54

10.56

15.22

25.37

42.28

63.41

84.55

01 PDE 401

01 PDE 403

01 PDE 405

01 PDE 407

01 PDE 409

01 PDE 001

01 PDE 003

01 PDE 005

*To theoretical sharp edges (unbeveled).

Chpt. 10 Final 10/11/99 9:24 AM Page 10.3

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Right-angle prisms can be used to direct a beam of light at90 degrees from the incident or to retroreflect a beam. A right-angle prism may also be used as a front surface mirror.

$ High transmission can be achieved, using the hypotenuse facein total internal reflection (TIR), with an antireflection coatingon the entrance and exit faces.

$ The prism can be used as an internal or external mirror byspecifying a metallic coating on the hypotenuse.

Most of the coatings described in Chapter 5, Optical Coatings,can be applied to prism surfaces. The commonly specified antire-flection coatings and high-reflection coatings are listed here foryour convenience. Please specify which surfaces require coatings.

SPECIFICATIONS: RIGHT-ANGLE PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.15 mm

Surface Flatness: l/2 at 632.8 nm over clear aperture

Angle: See table (polished to polished surfaces)

Material: BK7, grade A fine annealed

Surface Quality: 60-40 scratch and dig

Clear Aperture: 90% of edge dimension

Chamfer: Slight protective bevel at 45º

Coatings: Optional antireflection and reflection

Right-Angle Prisms

Right-Angle Prism as a MirrorAluminized hypotenuse is coated with /011 protectedaluminum and an overcoat of black paint which isacetone soluble for easy removal.

Right-Angle Prism as a RetroreflectorAn antireflection coating on the hypotenuseimproves the efficiency of the prism as aretroreflector as long as acceptance angle limitationsfor TIR on the roof faces are not exceeded.

ARcoating

point of TIR

point of TIR

APPLICATION NOTE

Coatings for Right-Angle Prisms

Type COATING SUFFIX

Antireflection

MgF2HEBBAR™ for Visible

HEBBAR™ for Diode Lasers

V-Coating for 632.8 nm

Reflective

Protected Aluminum

Enhanced Aluminum

MAXBRIte™ for Visible

MAXBRIte™ for Diode Lasers

Internal Silver

/066

/078

/076

/123

/011

/023

/001

/003

/036

Note: Please refer to Chapter 5, Optical Coatings, for additional coating options.

A

B C

Available in:✔ Production Quantities

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:20 PM Page 10.4

Visit Us Online! www.mellesgriot.com 1 10.5

SingletsD

oublets & Triplets

Cylindrical Optics

Mirrors

Prisms &

RetroreflectorsBeam

splitters,W

indows,

Optical Flats

PolarizationCom

ponentsFilters

High Energy

Laser Optics

Diode Laser O

ptics

Right-Angle Glass Prisms, Aluminized Hypotenuse with Black Overcoat

A=B=C

(mm) 830 arc sec 83 arc min

3.2

4.0

4.8

5.0

6.4

8.0

10.0

12.7

15.0

16.5

18.0

20.0

25.0

25.4

30.0

35.0

38.1

40.0

45.0

50.0

50.8

55.0

63.5

76.2

100.0

01 PRT 003

01 PRT 009

01 PRT 011

01 PRT 019

01 PRT 021

01 PRT 023

01 PRT 029

01 PRT 035

01 PRA 001

01 PRA 411

01 PRA 413

01 PRA 003

01 PRA 005

01 PRA 007

01 PRA 009

01 PRA 011

01 PRA 013

01 PRA 015

01 PRA 017

01 PRA 019

01 PRA 020

01 PRA 021

01 PRA 023

01 PRA 025

01 PRA 027

01 PRA 029

01 PRA 033

01 PRA 034

01 PRA 035

01 PRA 037

01 PRA 041

01 PRA 045

01 PRA 055

PRODUCT NUMBER

Uncoated Right-Angle Glass Prisms

A=B=C

(mm) 830 arc sec 83 arc min

0.7

1.0

1.3

2.0

2.7

3.2

4.0

4.8

5.0

6.4

8.0

10.0

12.7

15.0

16.5

18.0

20.0

25.0

25.4

30.0

35.0

38.1

40.0

45.0

50.0

50.8

55.0

63.5

76.2

100.0

01 PRP 003

01 PRP 009

01 PRP 011

01 PRP 019

01 PRP 021

01 PRP 023

01 PRP 029

01 PRP 035

01 PRS 401

01 PRS 403

01 PRS 405

01 PRS 407

01 PRS 409

01 PRS 001

01 PRS 411

01 PRS 413

01 PRS 003

01 PRS 005

01 PRS 007

01 PRS 009

01 PRS 011

01 PRS 013

01 PRS 015

01 PRS 017

01 PRS 019

01 PRS 020

01 PRS 021

01 PRS 023

01 PRS 025

01 PRS 027

01 PRS 029

01 PRS 033

01 PRS 034

01 PRS 035

01 PRS 037

01 PRS 041

01 PRS 045

01 PRS 055

PRODUCT NUMBER

Note: For antireflection coatings on prism legs, append coating suffix.

Note: For antireflection coatings on prism legs, append coating suffix.

Chpt. 10 Final 9/18/99 11:50 AM Page 10.5

10.6 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com

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Available in:✔ Production Quantities

Melles Griot high precision right-angle prisms are manufac-tured to more stringent specifications than standard right-angleprisms.

$ Recommended for critical applications

$ Better surface flatness and wavefront distortion than standardright-angle prisms

$ UV-grade fused silica and BK7 material options available

$ Available with aluminized or unaluminized hypotenusesurfaces

$ Entrance and exit faces are of identical shape: A=B=C

$ Antireflection and metallic coatings also available forall polished surfaces. (See Chapter 5, Optical Coatings)

SPECIFICATIONS:HIGH PRECISION RIGHT-ANGLE BK7 PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.10 mm

Surface Flatness: l/8 at 632.8 nm over 90% of edge dimension

Angle: 830 arc seconds (polished to polished surfaces)

Material: BK7, grade A fine annealed

Surface Quality: 20–10 scratch and dig

Clear Aperture: 90% of edge dimension

Chamfer: Slight protective bevel at 45º

Coatings: Optional

SPECIFICATIONS:HIGH PRECISION RIGHT-ANGLE UV FUSED SILICA PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.15 mmSurface Flatness: l/4 at 632.8 nm over 90% of edge dimensionAngle: 830 arc seconds (polished to polished surfaces)

Material: UV-grade synthetic fused silicaSurface Quality: 40–20 scratch and digClear Aperture: 90% of edge dimensionChamfer: Slight protective bevel at 45ºCoatings: Optional

High PrecisionRight-Angle Prisms

High-Precision Right-Angle BK7 Prisms

A=B=C

(mm)

Unaluminized

Hypotenuse

Aluminized

Hypotenuse

3.2

5.0

10.0

12.7

20.0

25.4

38.1

01 PRB 001

01 PRB 003

01 PRB 009

01 PRB 011

01 PRB 019

01 PRB 021

01 PRB 027

01 PRC 001

01 PRC 003

01 PRC 009

01 PRC 011

01 PRC 019

01 PRC 021

01 PRC 027

PRODUCT NUMBER

High Precision Right-Angle UV Fused Silica Prisms

A=B=C

(mm)

Unaluminized

Hypotenuse

Aluminized

Hypotenuse

10.0

12.7

25.4

01 PQB 000

01 PQB 001

01 PQB 002

01 PQA 000

01 PQA 001

01 PQA 002

PRODUCT NUMBER

Note: For coatings, append coating suffix from Chapter 5 and specify faces to be coated.

Note: For coatings, append coating suffix from Chapter 5 and specify faces to becoated.

POST-MOUNTED PRISM/BEAMSPLITTER TABLES

Post mounted prism/beamsplitter tables can be usedfor mounting these prisms, see Chapter 25,Mirror/Beamsplitter Mounts and Prism Tables.

Chpt. 10 Final 10/11/99 9:25 AM Page 10.6

Visit Us Online! www.mellesgriot.com 1 10.7

SingletsD

oublets & Triplets

Cylindrical Optics

Mirrors

Prisms &

RetroreflectorsBeam

splitters,W

indows,

Optical Flats

PolarizationCom

ponentsFilters

High Energy

Laser Optics

Diode Laser O

ptics

The roof or Amici prism deviates or deflects the image throughan angle of 90 degrees. It is a right-angle prism whose hypotenusehas been replaced by a 90-degree TIR roof. Glass that does notcontribute to the clear aperture has been trimmed away to reducesize and weight.

$ Roof prisms are suitable for applications that demand bothright-angle deflection and image erection (a combination left-to-right angle deflection and top-to-bottom inversion,equivalent to a 180 degree rotation about the optical axis).

$ These are normally uncoated for use in TIR mode.

$ Protected aluminum or internal silver coatings may bespecified for roof surfaces when used in wide fieldapplications beyond TIR limits.

$ Antireflection coated entrance and exit faces are also available.

SPECIFICATIONS: ROOF PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.15 mmSurface Flatness:

l/2 at 632.8 nm over 90% of edge dimensionRoof Angles: 85 arc secondsOther Angles: 830 arc secondsMaterial: BK7, grade A fine annealedSurface Quality: 60–40 scratch and digCoatings: Optional

Note: Sides are fine ground. All edges are lightly beveled.

Roof Prisms

23

23 31.523

31.5

dimensions in mm

Type COATING SUFFIX

Antireflection

MgF2HEBBAR™ for Visible

HEBBAR™ for Diode Lasers

V-Coating for 632.8 nm

Reflective

Protected Aluminum

Enhanced Aluminum

MAXBRIte™ for Visible

MAXBRIte™ for Diode Lasers

Internal Silver

/066

/078

/076

/123

/011

/023

/001

/003

/036

Coatings for Roof Prisms

Roof prism

01 PRF 001 roof prism

Note: Other coating options available in Chapter 5, Optical Coatings.Call for availability.

A

(mm)

B

(mm)

C

(mm)

PRODUCT

NUMBER

23.0 23.0 31.5 01 PRF 001

Roof Prisms, Uncoated

Available in:✔ Production Quantities

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:20 PM Page 10.7

10.8 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com

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Penta prisms deviate beams by 90 degrees. The deviation isindependent of prism orientation. Melles Griot supplies prismswith two levels of deviation tolerance. Due to geometry, the reflectingsurfaces must be coated with a metallic or MAX-R coating. Penta-prisms come standard with an /011 protected aluminum coating.Alternative metal and MAX-R coatings are available and can beordered by appending the coating suffix to the product number.Coatings are specified in Chapter 5, Optical Coatings.

$ Image is neither inverted nor reversed as it is deviated by90 degrees.

$ 90-degree deviation angle applies to all rays transmitted bythe useful aperture, regardless of the angles between these raysand the optical axis (or entrance and exit face normals).

$ Antireflection coatings are available for entrance and exitfaces and can be ordered by appending the appropriatecoating suffix.

SPECIFICATIONS: PENTA PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.15 mm

90 Degree Deviation Tolerance:Standard Series: <3 arc minutesPrecision Series: <10 arc seconds

Surface Flatness:Standard Series: l/2 at 632.8 nm over 90% of edge dimensionPrecision Series: l/4 at 632.8 nm over 90% of edge dimension

Reflectivity: >88% per face from 400 to 800 nm

Material: BK7, grade A fine annealed

Surface Quality: 60–40 scratch and dig

Coating: Bare aluminum with black lacquer overcoat

Note: Pentagonal surfaces are fine ground. All edges are beveled.

Penta Prisms

C

B

A

D

67 °30'

01 PPA/PPS penta prism

Aluminized Penta Prisms, Standard

Aluminized Penta Prisms, Precision

A

(mm)

B=C

(mm)

D

(mm)

PRODUCT

NUMBER

10.0

8.5

12.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

10.0

12.0

13.0

15.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

10.8

13.0

14.0

16.0

16.0

22.0

27.1

01 PPA 001

01 PPA 003

01 PPA 005

01 PPA 007

01 PPA 009

01 PPA 011

01 PPA 013

A=B=C

(mm)

D

(mm)

PRODUCT

NUMBER

10.0

12.5

20.0

25.0

10.8

13.7

21.6

27.1

01 PPS 003

01 PPS 005

01 PPS 009

01 PPS 011

Available in:✔ Production Quantities

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:21 PM Page 10.8

SingletsD

oublets & Triplets

Cylindrical Optics

Mirrors

Prisms &

RetroreflectorsBeam

splitters,W

indows,

Optical Flats

PolarizationCom

ponentsFilters

High Energy

Laser Optics

Diode Laser O

pticsVisit Us Online! www.mellesgriot.com 1 10.9

Equilateral dispersing prisms are used for wavelength separationapplications. A light ray is twice refracted passing through the prismwith total deviation denoted by vd in the figure below. Deviation isa function of refractive index, and hence wavelength. Angulardispersion ∆vd is the difference in deviation for light rays having dif-ferent wavelengths and varies with prism orientation.

$ Reflection losses are minimized for unpolarized rays travelingparallel to the base of the prism. This condition is calledminimum deviation.

$ Minimum deviation occurs when the ray and wavelengthangle of incidence at the entrance surface are equal to theangle of emergence (both angles measured with respect to thesurface normals).

$ Available in BK7 and F2 glass material. BK7 is more durableand has superior transmission, F2 offers superior dispersionbut is more fragile and sensitive to staining.

$ Antireflection coatings help reduce polarization at the prismsurfaces by increasing total transmittance.

SPECIFICATIONS: EQUILATERAL DISPERSING PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.2 mm

Surface Flatness: l/2 at 632.8 nm over 90% of edge dimensions

Angles: 60º83 arc minutes

Materials:Crown: BK7, grade A fine annealedFlint: F2, grade A fine annealed

Surface Quality: 60–40 scratch and dig

Coatings (optional):Single layer MgF2 (/066) or HEBBAR™ (/078);append the appropriate coating suffix.Call for availability.

EquilateralDispersing Prisms

whitelight red

orangeyellow

greenblue

violet

vd ∆vd

01 PEH/PES equilateral dispersing prisms

Equilateral Dispersing Prisms

Edge

Dimensions

(mm) BK 7 (Crown) F2 (Flint)

25.0

30.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

60.0

01 PES 001

01 PES 003

01 PES 005

01 PES 007

01 PES 009

01 PES 011

01 PEH 010

01 PEH 011

01 PEH 013

01 PEH 015

01 PEH 017

01 PEH 019

PRODUCT NUMBER

Available in:✔ Production Quantities

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:21 PM Page 10.9

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Wedge Prisms

Wedge PrismsThe wedge apex angle necessary to produce a givenminimum deviation or deflection (d for a ray passingthrough the wedge) is determined by

vv

vw

d

d

arc tansin

n cos=

5

where n is the refractive index.

Power (D) of a prism is measured in diopters and isdefined as the deflection of 1 cm at a distance of onemeter from the prism. Thus:

D= 100 tan(vd).

By combining two wedges of equal power in nearcontact, and by independently rotating them aboutan axis parallel to the normals of their adjacent faces,a ray can be steered in any direction within thenarrow cone. The deviation angle is specified withthe assumption that the input beam is normal to theperpendicular face. Deviation will change with inputangle. The equation to determine the deviationangle for the same input direction but otherwavelengths is:

vd = arcsin (nsinvw ) 4 vw

where vd is the deviation angle, vw is the wedgeangle, and n is the nominal index for BK7 at theappropriate wavelength.

vd

4vd

3mm

vw

vd

f

SPECIFICATIONS: WEDGE PRISMS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.2 mmThin Edge of Wedge: 3.0 mmSurface Flatness:

l/4 at 632.8 nm over central 90% of edge dimensionWedge Angle: 830 arc secondsMaterial: BK7, grade A fine annealedSurface Quality: Pitch polished, 60–40 scratch and digCoatings (optional):

Single layer MgF2 (/066), HEBBAR™ (/078), or variousV-coatings; append the coating suffix

APPLICATION NOTE

Wedge prisms are used as beamsteering elements in optical systems.

$ The apex angle is manufactured to tight tolerances

$ Antireflection coatings can be ordered by appending the coat-ing suffix to the product number. (See Chapter 5, OpticalCoatings.)

02 PRW wedge prisms

Wedge prisms used in beamsteering application

Wedge Prisms

Diameter

f

(mm)

Nominal

Deviation

for 632.8 nm

vd (degrees)

Wedge

Angle

vw

Power

(Prism

Diopters)

D

PRODUCT

NUMBER

25.0

25.0

25.0

25.0

25.0

25.0

1

2

4

6

8

10

1º56´

3º52´

7º40´

11º21´

14º51´

18º8´

1.75

3.50

7.00

10.50

14.00

17.60

02 PRW 001

02 PRW 003

02 PRW 005

02 PRW 007

02 PRW 009

02 PRW 011

Available in:✔ Production Quantities

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:21 PM Page 10.10

Visit Us Online! www.mellesgriot.com 1 10.11

SingletsD

oublets & Triplets

Cylindrical Optics

Mirrors

Prisms &

RetroreflectorsBeam

splitters,W

indows,

Optical Flats

PolarizationCom

ponentsFilters

High Energy

Laser Optics

Diode Laser O

ptics

Any ray entering the effective aperture of a retroreflector will bereflected and emerge from the entrance/exit face parallel to itself,but in the opposite direction of propagation. Solid retroreflectorsdepend upon the principle of total internal reflection and there-fore have acceptance angle limitations.

$ An incident beam, filling the effective aperture, is reflectedexactly back on itself.

$ Protective aluminum coatings can be applied to the rearreflecting surfaces to avoid TIR failure from acceptance anglelimitations. Simply append suffix /011 to the selected productnumber.

$ Antireflection coatings can be ordered by appending theappropriate suffix to product number. (See Chapter 5, OpticalCoatings.)

SPECIFICATIONS: SOLID GLASS RETROREFLECTORS

Dimension Tolerance: 80.15 mm

Deviation: 180 degrees82 arc seconds

Wavefront Distortion: <l/4 at 632.8 nm

Material: BK 7, grade A fine annealed

Coatings (optional):MgF2 (/006), HEBBAR™ (/078), Protected Aluminum (/011),V-coatings, or Internal Silver (/036) with black paint overcoat;append appropriate coating suffix

Surface Quality: 60–40 scratch and dig

Solid GlassRetroreflectors

h

f

02 CCG solid glass retroreflector

Solid Glass Retroreflectors, Uncoated

Diameter

f

(mm)

h

(mm)

PRODUCT

NUMBER

15.0

25.0

38.0

50.0

70.0

11.3

18.8

28.5

37.5

52.5

02 CCG 001

02 CCG 003

02 CCG 005

02 CCG 007

02 CCG 008

RETROREFLECTOR HOLDERS

fB fC fA

M6 threaded

10

8.5

M4 threaded

1/4-20 threaded

fA

(mm)

fB

(mm)

D

(mm)PRODUCT

NUMBER

40

50

70

80

100

15

25

38

50

70

1.2

1.3

1.8

2.2

3.4

07 HCC 001

07 HCC 003

07 HCC 005

07 HCC 007

07 HCC 008

fC

(mm)

12

22

34

45

64

Available in:✔ Production Quantities

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:21 PM Page 10.11

10.12 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com

Sing

lets

Dou

blet

s &

Trip

lets

Cylin

dric

al O

ptic

sM

irro

rsPr

ism

s &

Retr

oref

lect

ors

Beam

split

ters

, W

indo

ws,

O

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al F

lats

Pola

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Com

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Filt

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Hig

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ergy

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Dio

de L

aser

Opt

ics

Hollow retroreflectors consist of three flat mirrors assembled intoa mutually orthogonal inside corner. Since the optical path for theseretroreflectors is air, they are usable throughout the entire opticalspectrum from the ultraviolet to the far-infrared.

$ These reflectors eliminate wavelength dispersion effects.

$ Aluminum with a protective overcoat is standard on theseretroreflectors to ensure high reflectivity over the visiblespectrum. A gold coating for improved IR performance and aUV-enhanced aluminum coating can also be provided on aspecial order basis.

$ These retroreflectors are available with an excellent wavefrontdistortion specification up to l/8, along with a tight beamdeviation specification of 0.5 arc seconds.

$ Hollow retroreflectors are used to construct delay lines forfemtosecond applications. Other applications includepollution detection and measurement applications, laserranging, conventional and FTIR spectroscopy, distancemeasurement, holography, and interferometric applications.

SPECIFICATIONS:BROADBAND HOLLOW RETROREFLECTORS

Coating: Aluminum with protective overcoat

Mirror Substrates: Low expansion borosilicate glass

Surface Quality: 80–50 scratch and dig

Housing: Black anodized aluminum

Mounting:Base plate with M6 and ¼-20 hole patterns(both ¼-20 and M6 screws are included)

Broadband HollowRetroreflectors

33 12.7

12.5

1 hole threadedM6 x 1.0 deep

4 holes f7 thrucounterboredf11 x 7 deep

f41

66 50.6

7.7 50.6

66

1 hole threaded1/4-20 x 1.0 deep

7.7

1 hole M6 thru 1 hole 1/4-20 thru

f25.4

33

12.0

dimensions in mm

02 CCH 001–007 broadband hollow retroreflectors

Broadband Hollow Retroreflectors

Entrance

Aperture

(mm)

Beam

Deviation

(arc sec)

Wavefront

Distortion

(at 632.8 nm)

PRODUCT

NUMBER

25.4

25.4

25.4

63.5

63.5

63.5

127

30

5

1

30

5

1

30

3l

1l

l/6

3l

1l

l/6

3l

02 CCH 001

02 CCH 003

02 CCH 005

02 CCH 009

02 CCH 011

02 CCH 013

02 CCH 017

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:21 PM Page 10.12

SingletsD

oublets & Triplets

Cylindrical Optics

Mirrors

Prisms &

RetroreflectorsBeam

splitters,W

indows,

Optical Flats

PolarizationCom

ponentsFilters

High Energy

Laser Optics

Diode Laser O

pticsVisit Us Online! www.mellesgriot.com 1 10.13

1 hole threadedM6 x 1.0 deep

4 holes f7 thrucounterboredf11 x 7 deep

1 hole 1/4-20x 1.0 deep

M6 x thru

71.56

35.78

12.22

12.22

35.78

71.5696

44.8

12.0

f82.5

f63.5

4 holes 1/4-20 thru on f2.0 bolt circle 90° apart

dimensions in mm

02 CCH 009–013 broadband hollow retroreflectors

4 holes threaded 1/4-20 thruon f4 bolt circlecountersink f7 x 90° both sides

f127

17085

152.476.2

160

80

101.6

50.8

120.812.7

f152.4

4 holes threaded M6 thruon f4 bolt circlecountersink f7 x 90° both sides

4 holes f7 thru f11.0 counterbored7.0 deepwill accommodate metric and inchhole patterns

dimensions in mm

02 CCH 017 broadband hollow retroreflector

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:21 PM Page 10.13

10.14 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com

Sing

lets

Dou

blet

s &

Trip

lets

Cylin

dric

al O

ptic

sM

irro

rsPr

ism

s &

Retr

oref

lect

ors

Beam

split

ters

, W

indo

ws,

O

ptic

al F

lats

Pola

riza

tion

Com

pone

nts

Filt

ers

Hig

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ergy

Lase

r Opt

ics

Dio

de L

aser

Opt

ics

10.14 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com10.14 1 Visit Us OnLine! www.mellesgriot.com

Post-Mounted Prism Holders Precision Prism Tables

Miniature Prism Table Retroreflector Holders

Allows post mounting of prisms up to 50 mm (2 inch)in size, and permit precise tilt adjustment in two axes.

This miniature prism table allows tilt adjustment and360° rotation for components of up to 15 mm in size.

For precision applications, this table mounted prismholder provides fine adjustment in all three tilt axes.

Post mounted holders are available for all standardretroreflectors. By retaining the retroreflector near theedge, they ensure that total internal reflection is notdisturbed.

PRISM HOLDERS

Prisms frequently have to be positioned and aligned to tight tolerances, however, their odd shapes often make this difficult to accomplish. Melles Griot offers a number of prism holders to facilitate this task in the laboratory.See Chapter 25, Mirrors/Beamsplitter Mounts and Prism Tables.

Chpt. 10 Final 8/28/99 2:21 PM Page 10.14