PrintPrint

Printing has been around for 3000 years. Printing has been around for 3000 years. During this time it has refined to have During this time it has refined to have many different ways to do the technique.many different ways to do the technique.

Woodblock printing (200) Movable type (1040) Printing press (1454)

Etching (ca. 1500) Mezzotint (1642) Aquatint (1768)

Lithography (1796) Chromolithography (1837)

Rotary press (1843) Offset printing (1875)

Hectograph (19th century) Hot metal typesetting (1886)

Mimeograph (1890) Screen printing (1907) Spirit duplicator (1923) Dye-sublimation (1957)

Phototypesetting (1960s) Dot matrix printer (1964)

Laser printing (1969) Thermal printing (ca. 1972)

Inkjet printing (1976) Stereolithography (1986)

Digital press (1993) 3D printing (ca. 2003)

Wood BlockWood Block

The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai, a ukiyo-e artist

Those most common for artists are..Those most common for artists are..

EtchingEtching

Landscape under Trees, etching by Paula Modersohn-Becker 1876–1907

AquatintAquatint

The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Francisco Goya (1799)

LithographyLithography

City of Words, lithograph by Vito Acconci, 1999

Silk-screenSilk-screen

CollagraphyCollagraphy

Where it began..Where it began..Character-carving SkillsCharacter-carving Skills

The skill of carving characters The skill of carving characters emerged very early. The emerged very early. The oldest inscriptions were made oldest inscriptions were made on oracle bones such as on oracle bones such as animal bones and shells. animal bones and shells. Inscriptions on Inscriptions on bronze warebronze ware flourished from the flourished from the ShangShang Dynasty Dynasty to the Western to the Western Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty (16th century- (16th century-771BC). 771BC). Chinese charactersChinese characters were inscribed in clay molds were inscribed in clay molds before casting. before casting.

Carving characters on stones came even earlier. Symbol carvings

on surfaces of cliffs have been traced back to extremely ancient times. The classics in great-seal script and small-seal script were all carved on stones. The Xipi ng Stone Inscriptions of the Eastern Han (25-220) involved carving the Confucian classics in the clerical script onto 46 stone tables, totaling around 200,000 characters.

Engraved Block Engraved Block PrintingPrinting Block printing first appeared in the Block printing first appeared in the Tang DynastyTang Dynasty (618-907). (618-907).

The text was first written on a piece of thin paper, and then The text was first written on a piece of thin paper, and then glued face down onto a wooden plate. The characters were glued face down onto a wooden plate. The characters were carved out to make a wood-block printing plate, which was carved out to make a wood-block printing plate, which was used to print the text. Wood-block printing took a long time used to print the text. Wood-block printing took a long time as a new block had to be carved for every page in a book. as a new block had to be carved for every page in a book.

Block Printing was a costly and time-consuming process, for each carved block could only be used for a specific page of a particular book, besides, a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. However movable type changed all of that

GoyaGoya

Francisco José de Goya y LucientesFrancisco José de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828)1746-1828) Spanish Spanish romanticromantic painter and painter and printmakerprintmaker regarded both as the last of the regarded both as the last of the Old MastersOld Masters and and the first of the moderns. the first of the moderns. Both a commentator on and chronicler of his era.Both a commentator on and chronicler of his era.Subversive imaginative artSubversive imaginative artBold handling of paint Bold handling of paint Inspired Inspired ManetManet, , PicassoPicasso and and Francis BaconFrancis BaconSpain's main national film awards are called the Spain's main national film awards are called the Goya AwardsGoya Awards. .

Los CaprichosLos Caprichos

In 1799 Goya released In 1799 Goya released a set of 80 prints for a set of 80 prints for sale to the public that sale to the public that would become know as would become know as "Los Caprichos".  The "Los Caprichos".  The prints cast a critical and prints cast a critical and satirical eye on many satirical eye on many aspects of Spanish life aspects of Spanish life including the clergy, the including the clergy, the crown, and the vices of crown, and the vices of society .society .

In the 1810s, Goya created a set of In the 1810s, Goya created a set of aquatint prints titled aquatint prints titled The Disasters of WarThe Disasters of War. .

In 1810 Goya started working on a number of prints depicting events and cruelties of the conflict.  These prints would eventually come together over the next 10 years to form a series of 82 plates called "The Disasters of War".

Emil NoldeEmil Nolde

Emil Nolde The Prophet, woodcut, 1912

Emil Nolde, Emil Nolde, Bäume im SturmBäume im Sturm, , 19101910

Andy WarholAndy WarholAndy Warhol (1928-1987) was a key figure Andy Warhol (1928-1987) was a key figure in Pop Art, an art movement that emerged in Pop Art, an art movement that emerged in America and elsewhere in the 1950s to in America and elsewhere in the 1950s to become prominent over become prominent over the next two decades.the next two decades.

In the 1960s, Andy Warhol created several “mass-produced” images from photographs of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley and Jackie Onassis.

Andy Warhol’s Andy Warhol’s Marilyn Marilyn PrintsPrintsThe FauvesThe Fauves used non-representational color and used non-representational color and

representational form to convey different sensations. representational form to convey different sensations. Apply the same idea to the portrait of Marilyn Monroe Apply the same idea to the portrait of Marilyn Monroe

below, using the controls to adjust the colors.below, using the controls to adjust the colors.

How does the color affect the mood? How does the color affect the mood?

Raymond PettibonRaymond Pettibon