Producing Print Based MediaLO1

Emily Monsey

To do

• Explain method in own words• When it was invented/by who (if information is available)• How the method works/what do you need to do to use

this method• What does the method look like when used (include

images)• What are the costs involved with using this method• How quickly the process can be done

• Provide images to illustrate discussion• Reference at least one example with a image.

Hand Printing Methods

Etching• Relief etching was invented by William Blake in about 1788. However this process of etching has been around for many years as it

was first used by 'goldsmiths' as a way to decorate guns, armour and many other items which has dated back to the middle ages.• "A method of making prints from a metal plate, usually copper, into which the design has been incised by acid". Etching is basically

a way of printing your specified design in a way that is printed on to metal meaning it's much more permanent and harder to damage, however it still allows you to get precise detail in your design. The process of etching is fairly complex as it had many stages to complete the design. First a copperplate is covered with a "acid-resistant substance" which is named the 'etching ground'. This ground is usually made up of beeswax, bitumen, and resin. The next stage is to use the nitric acid on the plate which actually gets rid of the unprotected areas of the plate from the ground. This stage of the process creates lines which is what holds the ink and eventually creates the pattern/design you require. The last stage is to apply this to moist paper which is where the design in transferred on to.

• This method can eventually create a very detailed design as with the use of the small lines that are made by the use of acid on the plate it creates many little lines which helps to create a very interesting and intricate design that can even give the look of a hand drawn design which gives it some of it's appeal.

• The cost of etching can be fairly expensive as it requires a lot of large equipment such as the printing press and also as it gives such a good effect the price has to be high. The cost of chemicals used also has to be considered in the cost as these harsh chemicals won't be at a cheap price either.

• Etching is extremely time consuming as the different stages require a lot of attention and skill to achieve the detailed look that is asked of this method. Anyone using this method needs to have a certain amount of skill as there are many different steps in achieving a good print, you also need to have the drawing skills as you are going to need to draw out your design with the etching needle. Without good drawing skills it can ruin the end look of your design as it won't look professional or as though a lot of time has been spent on creating it.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/193841/etching http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etching

EtchingAs you can see from this particular image of etching, it tends to show a lot of detail and makes the image look really interesting as it shows lots of lines instead of a basic outline of an object. This method gives the effect of a hand drawn image as it uses lots of lines to create the design and also uses different shadings as on some parts it uses a heavier, darker look as more lines have been used in this place and also some really light, almost white parts of the design which is where not many lines at all have been used.

There is also a choice of using colour in etching which is used fairly often, however even with the use of colour the image still appears to look hand drawn still as the use of lines is still needed. The use of a black and white etching design helps to highlight the different shadings of the image as it shows the darkness and lightness in the design. Etching is now commonly used for atristic purposes as this method would be too time consuming and complicated for mass use on commerical printing.

Linocut• Linocut was invented by a group of four artists called "die brucke". It is unknown as to who actually invented it specifically.

However it is known that the first large-scale colour linocuts were made by an "American artist created by Walter Inglis Anderson in 1943–45 , and exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum in 1949.

• This is a 'woodcut' technique which is from printmaking. For the process of linocut linoleum is used and then it is cut in to using a sharp knife, v-shaped chisel of gouge. "With the raised (uncarved) areas representing a reversal of the parts to show printed". This creates a mirror image meaning everything they have created will then be presented the other way round. Using a roller, the sheet of linoleum is then covered with ink and then "impressed on to paper". This stage can be done with either a printing press or by hand as it is just a matter of pressing the sheet on to paper. The printing press however may give a slightly more clean finish as it can do it quicker and in one go rather than doing this by hand.

• With this method, you also have the option of using colour as you can colour each part of the linoleum a different colour which can later be put together in the final look of the design. There is also another option of the reduction method which is when you cut away at the linoleum each time adding a different colour as you go which actually means you can't print more after this. Basically you have to be organised with this particular method as you have to have decided the amount of copies you want to create beforehand as it's not possible to go back.

• In a similar way to the etching method, linocut is very time consuming and also requires skill as it takes up so much time trying to create the design you are happy with, using the wood tools.

• However unlike the etching method linocut is actually much cheaper than etching and is commonly used in schools as a way to show printing methods.

• This can take a lot of effort as there a lots of stages and also you need to be a creative person in order to design the print. • The skill involved with this method shows you have to have some sort of creative and drawing talent. This is due to you having to

draw the pattern yourself in to the linoleum material.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_linocut_printing?#slide=

LinocutThe final look of the linocut design shows block printing as the difference between black and white in the image is very clear and there is little shading involved, showing contrast to the etching method which leaves a very shaded final look due to the small lines that are drawn. The black and white linocut gives a very cartoon and animated look to the design, and it also uses small lines in an attempt to show detail, however there isn't as much detail as the etching design and gives a much more cartoon and computerised look in

comparison to the 'hand drawn' look of the etching method. When using colour with this method it is very block in the way everything is coloured as nothing is shaded in the way that other designs do.The skill of drawing can be shown in a lot of the designs, more so if more lines are drawn to show more detail, however this is still a lot different to the etching design as this shows much more detail with the way it has been drawn.

ComparisonBetween both the etching and linocut method it is clear that they are both very different in their final appearance, however the way in which they have been created does actually show some similarities. The final look of the etching method shows a very detailed and interesting pattern with intricate detail and it gives a hand drawn look that makes it look as though it has been pencil drawn and also coloured by hand if colour is included. However in comparison to this, the linocut design shows a lot of difference as it gives the opposite effect of the etching as it gives a very block pattern instead of the may little lines that are used wih etching. Linocut gives defined lines that show a block pattern with little to no shading with the use of small lines as not as much detail is in the pattern. Whe creating both the patterns the actual method of making it appears to show a few similarities as both etching and linocut both have to be carved in to the material in order to create it, ink being the only difference as acid is applied to one and ink is rolled on to the other in order for them to be printed on to the paper. However the differences between the two are the ways in which they are transferred from the carved out pattern to the final print. Etching uses a 'ground' and an acid to create the final print. On the other hand the linocut the uses a woodblock and the linoleum material as a cut out for the pattern which can create the final design. Ink is then rolled on to the material and it can then be printed on to the paper to create it.

Mechanical Methods

Letterpress• "Johannes Gutenberg is credited with the invention, in about 1440". This was a massive part of the creation and progression of

print media as it allowed large copies of print to be made instead of it being written out by hand as it had previosuly been done. Without the letterpress the state of the print media may not have been progressed as much as it has today as the creation of print would have continued longer than it did to have been written out individually instead of being printed in mass amounts.

• In order to use this letterpress you have to create seperate letters and arrange them in the way you like. These are then linked and finally put in to the printing press.

• The printing press indents the pages slihgtly as it presses them so tightly that the letters are all pressed in to place on to the page. The amount of pressure that is put on to the pages by the printing press presses the letters on to al of the pages you require which allows you to create a large amount of prints instead of creating each page individually.

• This method can be commonly used for thick paper or card instead of the basic thin paper that is commonly used. For example this is used a lot for things such as business cards or invitations as a lot of people choose to use a thick card for this style of print.

• The method of actually using the letterpress is fairly simple and allows you to produce many more copies of print than you could previous to it's invention. Unlike the etching or linocut method this doesn't include as many steps in the way the final print is created. Letterpress only uses a few simple steps as the letters need to be placed and then put in to the printing press which makes this much simpler than other methods.

• The final look of the print shows slightly raised lettering due to the pressure of the printing press. The lettering is always very block in the way it is printed as the ink is shown clearly on all pages instead of some of it looking a little faded.

• Although this is a very simple method of print, it is also extremely time consuming, especially if larger prints are needed with lots of lettering included in thr design as placing the lettering individually can take a lot of time. However due to it being particularly specialised for wedding invitations or business cards, usually not muh lettering is needed unlike if this was for example an informative leaflet that needed a lot of writing and detail included.

LetterpressThe final look of the letterpress is shown in this image of this wedding invitation. The lettering is obviously raised in this image and this is due to the pressure of the printing press as each of the letters on the page have been pressed in to secure their place. This method is very recise as each f the letters are in a block shape and don't show any mistake in the way they have been printed. From this image it shows the amount of text isn't great as the letterpress is only used for a small amount of writing, this can still take a lot of time to

produce as all of the lettering on the page has to be placed perfectly on the page, especially if it is something such as a wedding invitation as making no mistakes is crucial. Business cards can be made in much bigger batches of print as they can all be the same, however when making a wedding or any other invitation you have to specialise each card individually.

Rotogravure• "In the last quarter of the 19th century, the method of image photo transfer onto carbon tissue covered with light-sensitive gelatin

was discovered, and was the beginning of rotogravure". The creation of rotogravure meant that more images could be published in places like newspapers as they had previously printed very few as it had been much more of an effort and toruble to get the images on to the printed newspaper. After this invention some newspapers even printed a seperate rotogravure section that showed all of the images.

• The process of usin the rotogravure method involves 'engraving' the specified images on to an 'image carrier' which can then be used to create the print with the images on them as this method uses a rotary printing press to secure the images on to the pages.

• Similar to other methods of printing, once the image has been etched on to the cylinder surface it is then covered with the ink which actually shows similarity to both the linocut and etching method as ink is rolled on to the carved out pattern in order to create the design.

• The final look of any rotogravure print is very detailed and shows a lot of interesting fine detail in the way they have been designed. This style of printing method is most suited to leaflets and newspapers as I had previously said.

• The main issue or problem with this method would be the cost to actually print with it as the costs are much more expensive than other options however this is also a very good method of printing for large scale productions, meaning it is the best option for a lot of people as for example if you are printing a newspaper you are most likely going to want to be printing on a large scale and you may also have the financing to have this method as an option. The start up costs for this style of printing are very high as high quality machinery is needed to create the prints, meaning a lot of money needs to be spent before you can even print anything.

• This is a very high quality method and can work on many different materials as this becomes a main part of it's appeal for companies as it an work on materials such as plastic. The machinery used unlike others can be very durable and can be used repeatedly without the need of cleaning or changing of anything which means it is perfect for large scale prints as it has the baility to print lots of copies in one go.

• If using this method printing in small scale isn't a good idea as this is found to cost much more than if you are wanting to print lots of copies. Also due to the high cost of the machinery and also the scale of the machinery that is needed, this method is suited much more for commercial use.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotogravure#History_and_development

RotogravureFrom this picture you can see the type of products rotogravure is used on as these are all food products that have needed labels for their packaging. This shows the plastic material that this method is able to work on as many other printing methods aren't able to work on this style of material. This is something that makes this technique stand out and it's also what makes it so popular for commercial use as many big companies need it to produce printing for their products, whether it's labels like these or brochures/catalogues.

Another aspect of this printing is that it is able to print in such a large scale and it also allows you to do it at a quick speed which is another reason that makes it ideal for comerical purposes. The bright colours they are able to use is a great way to attract companies to this style of printing also as it is something that can attract their audience to the products they are advertising.

ComparisonWhen comparing both the letterpress and rotogravure as ways to print, you can see that they both show their differences between them as they are aimed at different audiences that could want to use them and also offer different styles in the way they print. For example with the letterpress it is best to use this as a way to print much less text as the lettering is the thing that takes the most time when creating the prints. This technique is commonly used for only small things such as business cards as little writing is needed for something like this. However they can still produce large amounts of copies as many are made when a large amount of business cards need to be printed, however this is definitely not suited to the large scale production that rotogravure can produce as the form of letterpress is better suited to individual companies and people that want something exclusively for themselves such as invitations. Rotogravure is much better suited to a large scale production style and offers to large companies as it is able to produce mass amounts and also change colours and text much easier than most other methods such as letterpress as this is much harder to change when in place and would have to be re set and re printed if different styles of print were required. The final look of the two is also very different as the look of the letterpress shows minimal text as this is much too time consuming for a large amount considering that the letters are individually placed. The letterpress style is also much different in the audience it offers to as they base their prints on invitations and things similar to this. Rotogravure however looks completely different as they are quite obviously suited to commercial use as bold, bright colours are used and the amount of text isn't a problem for this type of machinery.

Digital Methods

Photocopying• Chester Carlson first invented photocopying as making the copies himself proved to be too hard and also painful due to him being

arthritic. He then found that a process such as photocopying would solve this issue and make it much easier to prouct mass copies of one page. He then invented the photocopier and proceeded to be tuned down by many big corporations of the time, the photocopier was then officialy launched in 1960's.

• Without the invention of the photocopier it would result in a delay in print media today as the progress of copying wouldn't have suceeded as well as it has now. Photocopying now means that you can eaily print multiple copies of one page at a low cost and also very quickly and easily.

• The quality however isn't as well as most people would like as it can sometimes cause mistakes and errors if something as simple as the page isn't completely straight, making it quite hard to read at times. Photocopying can also cause errors in the general quality of the copies, especially if images have also been used as it generally doesn't copy as well as the original print.

• "Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles onto paper in the form of an image". The process of photocopying involves a cylinder which is then covered in a 'photoconductive material' that then becomes 'conductive' when light is shone on it. The white parts then reflect light off the cylinder and the areas that are dark and aren't exposed to the light are negatively charged.

• The toner from the cylinder is then transferred on to the paper and when heat is then applied it sticks to the paper also with the help of rollers.

• The actual cost of the photocopier machine is what will increase the price of the photocopying process as the actual price of each individual copy is cheap. Meaning that if the machine is already set up, the cost of printing can end up being relatively cheap in compariso to other methods.

• Overall this method can produce exact copies of your desired print, however the quality may suffer at times if there has been any mistakes in the way the paper has been placed and also if images or colour is used as these things can cause the quality of the print to decrease in it's appearance slightly.

• Unlike other methods I have spoke about, this method of printing doesn't require much skill as the machine does all the work for you and all you need is the original print you are wanting to be copied.

PhotocopyingAs you can see from the image of the process in which the photocopier goes through to produce a copy of the print. there are several different stages for the copy to complete in order to create the final one. Although this does show the different stages in production and that it shows a lot of the work that goes in to making the copy, this is actually a very simple method of printing and doesn't take much effort or skill at all from the person wanting to make the copies.

The final look of the copies is very dependant on what you are printing and how much is on the page. For example, if you are including images on the copy this can result in the quality lacking slightly as images don't show very good quality when photocopying. The quality can also change depending on the amount of copies you are wanting as sometimes the quality can be better on some than it is on others, this can be due to the ink.

Laser Printing• "In the 1960s, the American Xerox Corporation held a dominant position in the copier market. In 1969, Gary Starkweather, who

worked at Xerox in product development, had the idea of using a laser to draw an image directly onto the copier drum". The laser printer is very similar to the photocopier as it can work in the same way.

• The process of using the laser printer is that it is basically an "electrostatic digital printing process" that is able to produce high quality text and graphics by "passing a laser beam over a charged drum to define a differentially charged image". The drum collects the charged toner from the machine and transfers the image to paper, this is then heated to permanently fix the image in place.

• Laser printers are much cheaper to cost that say a photocopyer and they are also smaller in size regarding the machine, making them a popular choice and often favoured over the photocopier.

• Laser printers are often used for smaller corporations such as a small office as unlike larger machines they aren't capable of mass copies however they are suitable for small businesses. Although they are bettwe suited to smaller offices for example, they can still produce high quality prints which is the basis of it's appeal.

• There is also the choice of using colour on the prints with a laser printer and this can be done very quickly and easily. However the downside of this particular option is that there is only the choice of four coloured toners which can cause some problems. However due to this printer bring suited to smaller businesses this shouldn't actually be a problem unlike if this was suited to

larger corporations that would need many more colour options. • In comparison to inkjet printers, laser printers show quite a lot of differences as laser printers are actually quicker than inkjet

printers, however inkjet printers are better suited to photographic prints in comparison to laser printers that are much better at producing prints that mix both text and image.

Laser PrintingThe laser printer can produce really high quality prints that are perfect for small businesses and offices as they cannot print the mass amounts that larger corporations would need. However the quality is better than the photocopier as that can struggle producing high quality prints depending on whats on the page. This is similar to the photocopier in the sense that it can take quite a lot of steps for the printer to actually produce the copy, but the person printing doesn't actually have to do anything.

The machine is much smaller than others and it can produce very high quality prints that is appealing to many smaller businesses. This machine is capable of printing in colour as well which is another reason for it's popularity, however it is limited as to how many colours it can actually use as it only has four colour toners.

ComparisonThe comparison between photocopier and the laser printer is that although they are both very similar in the way they work as they follow the same sort of basis in their process, they actually have very different qualities and aspects to what they can produce. For example they both use a cylinder that attracts the toner from the machine and then prints on to the paper with the slight difference of the laser printer using a lot of heat and also press rollers to fix the text and/or images on to the page and the photocopier uses more of the light that can pick up what is on the page. However the differences they share are mostly involving the quality of the prints they can actually produce as the laser printer is able to produce much higher quality prints that the photocopier which is what makes it a popular choice for small offices. Another difference setting them apart is that the laser printer is cheaper and smaller in size which is also something that causes it's appeal from small companies and offices. They can both print in colour, however the laser printer is limited to only four coloured toners which limits what can actually be printed. Also the photocopier has a larger range, however it cannot print the copies in as good quality. A similarity they share would also be that the quality of the way they print images is not very good as they both seem to lack in the way it looks when printed.

Print Methods Situations

To Do

• For each of the following scenarios, you need to decide on the best printing method to use.

• You need to explain your choice of method considering technical and aesthetic qualities, cost, speed and the skills and knowledge required.

100 high quality wedding invitations.

• Your client wants very high quality wedding invitation and is prepared for them to cost a lot of money and take time to produce. The invitations will be on high quality paper. The invitations will only have text on them.

Decision and justification

For a wedding invitation I feel that using the letterpress would be the best option, having considered the possible options and also the guidlines in which the client has expressed. Using the letterpress can take a lot of time, however considering that there isn't actually a time limit set for this project and also that there won't be a problem with it taking a long time this is the best option. This can take a long time, especially considering that a lot of text may be needed for the invitation as they need to explain everything to their guests, however the quality and final look will definitely be better than other options available. As there is only text needed for this specific request, using the letterpress is the perfect option as it cannot process images, and can produce really high quality cards that will show the text is a professional and formal manner. The letterpress is able to work on thick card which is appropriate for this particular request as they have asked for high quality card to be used for these invitations. The text on the card will be slightly raised or indented depending on the pressure of the printing press, however this will not affect the quality in any way and for this client, this doesn't seem to have been specified as a problem and therefore will still be a very good option to use for these style of cards. As it is text only for these cards, they are able to choose any style that they wish which is perfect for these cards. The amount of cards required also doesn't affect the use of this particular printing method as the amount of time it will take doesn't matter and the letterpress is able to print many cards at one time, especially if there is no other colour or change of font throughout the cards. They haven't specified any use of colour in the cards which is best for the letterpress as this could add to the time and cost, however it would still be possible as the cost and time have been said to be not a problem in this brief.Also after seeing the other options that could be used, I have found that the other options wouldn't be appropriate for this style of card as the others offer images as well and also wouldn't create the cards with as good a quality as this can.

50 special edition greetings cards.

• Your client, a talented local artist, wants to produce small print runs of greetings cards. They do not want to use electronic printing methods. They need a cheap and simple method of printing so they can produce small runs of different designs but it needs to look arty and handmade when it’s finished.

Decision and justification

In order to create an 'arty and handmade' look for the finished cards I feel that linocut would be the best option for printing as using this method means that the final look will appear to be hand drawn and created by them which is what they have specified. This is also not using any electronic printing methods to acieve that arty and handmade look they are wanting which is also what they were wanting as Linocut can create a really arty feel as it doesn't appear too hand drawn but still looks hand made which is perfect for this request for the cards. As the client actually produces art themselves and is a talented artist linocut fits perfectly as the artist will be able to create the design themselves and the linocut can produce this so it will be exactly what they want. This is cheaper than other options available as the only extra cost may be using a lot of different colour, however they haven't actualy specified this as something they want to include, but this wouldn't be a problem if colour was needed for the cards. This is fairly simple and could be seen as much easier than other options available such as etching as this doesn't include as many steps in producing the cards and the only thing that could make it harder in production would be using ots of different colour on the cards as this would take much longer and mean that the material would need to be re done for all the different colours that they request. As it is only small runs that need to be made for this particular request using the linocut method is actually well suited to the cards as it isn't able to produce mass amounts of the cards. Another option for this client would be etching as this is very similar and a fairly similar final look for the cards, however etching doesn't fit entirely with some of the requests. For example, etching would cost much more than linocut and it also isnt as simple in the production stage as there are many more steps and the chemicals needed would increase the overall cost of the product. Overall, I think that linocut would be best for this client and request as it fits in with all of the guidelines given and is better than other options that can give the effect they want.

3000 flyers for coffee shop.

• You client has a one week only special coming up and wants 3000 basic, single colour flyers to promote it. As the flyers will be given out in the street they only need to be cheap, in fact, the cheaper the better. They also need to be produced quickly.

Decision and justification

I feel that for this particular request using the laser printer is best as this fits better with all the guidelines given whilst still giving a really effective and high quality final print for the flyers needed. As there needs to be 3000 copies this shouldn't cause any problems with using the laser printer as it is able to print many copies quickly and effectively. The quality of the flyers will be high and will keep a professional look to them but also stay at a cheap cost as the cost of printing using this method is very low and the use of colour should not effect this. As they are needing to be basic flyers with only one colour in use for them, using the laser printer should be perfect for this task as it can create the flyers in the one colour and the simplicity of the flyers will ensure the quality stays high. As there is only one colour needed for this brief, the laser printer should work really well as although the printer can only offer four different colour options, they have not specified a particular colour, therefore this should be perfect for their request. They have asked for a really cheap option and this is the cheapest option that I could find for what they are asking for as the other printing methods that could be used for this request ask for a much higher price which wouldn't fit with this brief. They need to also be produced very quickly which is definitely possible with this laser printer method as they can print very quickly as none of the process has to be done by hand and the printer can do all of the work meaning the process isn't slowed down at all.Another potential option for this brief would be using the Rotogravure method of printing which can give a very effective final look for a flyer and will print them in very high quality, it also costs a lot more due to the machinery that is needed to produce them meaning this doesn't fit within the guidelines given.Overall I feel that using the laser printer is the best option as this can print all 3000 copies very quickly and can be ready for whenever they want them. The flyers will also be able to show colour as although the colour choice is limited for the printer they have only specifed that one colour will be needed for the flyers.

100 copies of the village news letter.

• The parish council want to produce a monthly news letter for the village. It will be a single side of A4. It will mostly contain text but might occasionally have a black and white picture. It will be given away for free so should be cheap. The council would be interested in printing it themselves to save money.

Decision and justification

For the news letter this brief requests I feel that photocopyng would be the best option as this is a way to produce many copies of the same thing each time they want to send out a news letter. As they have specified that they would like to print their own copies to save money, this is definitely the best option as for the others you may have to either go to a specialised factory that supply the machines or spend a lot of money on purchasing the machines to use themselves. With a photocopier this is such a cheap way to produce a lot of copies of the news letter and as they want the same thing printed each time they can use this as a method of printing. The size of the paper needed doesn't affect the use of this method and also that it needs to be one sided as this will work much better using a photocopier as a printing method. They have also specified that they will be wanting to print text and the occasional image which will also be in black and white. This works really well with this printing technique as colour tends not to work as well with the photocopier and can cost extra money, however seeing as this is not a problem this option seems to work best to fit this request. The use of an image shouldn't matter when using this as it can still print images, however if the image needed to be in colour, this may then cause some problems as the quality may suffer. However this also doesn't seem essential to the guidelines of this brief. This is a very cheap way of producing mass amounts of the same thing which is needed for this brief as they will be free to give away to the people. As it is a monthly news letter this would be very easy as each time they want to print a new copy of the news letter they would only have to print it off once and then use the photocopier to produce more of them. Another option for this brief would be to use the laser printer, however this doesn't seem essential as colour isn't needed and images aren't going to be used every month. Overall I feel that using the photocopier would work best as it means they can print it out themselves unlike if they used the laser printer and then they can then copy this print using the photocopier.

10,000 copies of a fashion magazine

• WM Fashion want to produce a new catalogue to send out to its current customers as well as its existing ones. It needs to be high quality colour printing but it needs to have a low per copy cost.

Decision and justification

Rotogravure seems to be the best option for printing this magazine as a lot of copies need to be made and at a low cost per copy. The cost per copy of the rotogravure is very cheap which is really well suited to this brief and means that the overall cost will be much better for them as they are wanting to print such a high amount of copies. This method of printing is really well suited to catalogues and is able to print a lot of pages, cheaply, yet still of a really good quality. This method can also allow changes to be made in any copies really easily instead of having to set the whole machine up again to fit the changes meaning if they do need to make slightly adjustments for the already existing and new customers of the magazine this can be easily done to fit their requirements. Colour printing is also needed which is something that can easily be done with this printing process unlike other methods that would be very time consuming and costly if colour needed to be applied. I feel that this is definitely the best option for this brief as it can easily print off a large amount of copies in colour and at a fairly cheap price that will be suited to the requests of this brief. Rotogravure is commonly used for commercial purposes and is really well suited to this style of print, this can be done fairly quickly and have a really high quality finish. After considering all options for this style of print, I feel that this is the best fit for what is being asked as it can print in a timely, high quality way and it is used often for this style of print also.