prinsip desain dasar interaksi
TRANSCRIPT
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prinsip dasar desain interaksi
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Evaluasi antar mukaPenilaian terhadap sebuah aplikasi adalah tidak sama antar user.
User yang baru pertama menggunakan sebuah aplikasi, tentunya memberikan penilaian sulit terhadap aplikasi tersebut.
Berbeda jauh dengan user yang sudah familiar dengan aplikasi tersebut.
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Penilaian userKasus pada aplikasi Microsoft WordAda beberapa hal yang berpengaruh terhadap penilaian user kepada Microsoft Word : Pengalaman Kebiasaan Lama belajar Kemudahan panduan
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Prinsip desain antar mukaPrinsip desain merupakan serangkaian panduan yang akan membantu desainer mengambil keputusan perancangan selama proses tersebut berjalan.
Prinsip desain juga merupakan petunjuk secara umum yang dihasilkan dari para pakar desain.
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Beberapa prinsip antar muka
1. Ben Shneiderman’s dengan “Eight Golden Rules of Dialog
Design”2. Deborah J. Mayhew’s dengan
“General Principles of User Interface Design”3. IBM’s dengan
“Design Principels for Tomorrow”
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Eight Golden Rules of Dialog DesignBen Shneiderman’s1. Upayakan untuk tetap konsisten.2. Gunakan short cut pada bagian yang sering
digunakan.3. Sediakan feedback yang informatif.4. Dialog memiliki lingkup tertentu.5. Sediakan penanganan kesalahan yang sederhana.6. Perbolehkan user melakukan aksi mundur atau
pembatalan.7. Berikan kontrol internal.8. Kurangi aktifitas mengingat.
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General Principles of User Interface Design Deborah J. Mayhew’s
1. User compatibility2. Product compatibility3. Task compatibility4. Work flow
compatibility5. Consistency6. Familiarity7. Simplicity8. Direct manipulation9. Control
10. WYSIWYG11. Flexibility12. Responsiveness13. Invisible technology14. Robusteness15. Protection16. Ease of learning17. Ease of use
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Design Principels for TomorrowIBM’s
1. Kesederhanaan : tidak mengabaikan usability demi fungsionalitas tertentu
2. Support : pengguna tetap terkendali melalui panduan proaktif
3. Familiarity : bangun pemahaman pengguna4. Obviousness : buat objek fungsinya dapat
terlihat dan intuitif5. Encouragement : buat aksi dapat
diperkirakan hasilnya dan dapat dibatalkan
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Design Principels for TomorrowIBM’s
6. Satisfaction : berikan pencapaian progress7. Accessibility : buat semua object dapat di akses
setiap saat8. Safety : pastikan pengguna terbebas dari masalah9. Versatility : berikan alternatif teknik interaksi10.Personalization : berikan kesempatan pengguna
untuk kustomisasi11.Affinity : sesuaikan objek dengan kehidupan nyata
melalui desain visual.
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Fokus Dari Sistem
the user
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Proses Desain
what iswanted
analysis
designimplementand deploy
prototype
interviewsethnography
what is therevs.
what is wanted
guidelinesprinciples
dialoguenotations
precisespecification
architecturesdocumentation
help
evaluationheuristics
scenariostask analysis
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Proses Desain
what iswanted
analysis
designimplementand deploy
prototype
interviewsethnography
apa yang ada vs
apa yang diinginkan
Pedomanprinsip
dialoguenotations
Spesifikasi Yang sesuai
architecturesdocumentation
help
evaluationheuristics
analisis tugas skenario
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Fokus ke User
Ketahui siapa pemakainyaPersona (karakter)Cari tahu kebiasaan/budayanya
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Ketahui Siapa Pemakainyasiapa mereka?mungkin dia tidak seperti Anda!berbicara dengan merekamengawasi merekamenggunakan imajinasi Anda
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Persona (karakter)Menjelaskan contoh user
Tidak diperlukan user yang nyata
Digunakan sebagai pengganti user Apa yang dipikirkan Joni
Rincian masalah Dibuat se-nyata mungkin
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Cari tahu Kebiasaan/Budayanya
Mencari tahu kebiasaan user bisa dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung.
Pengamatan seperti ini bisa di lakukan dimana saja user berinteraksi, baik dengan komputer maupun hal-hal yang lain.
Tingkat usia juga sangat mempengaruhi user dalam berinteraksi dengan komputer.
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design
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beware the big button trap
where do they go? lots of room for extra text!
things
the thing fromouter spacemore things
other things
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modes lock to prevent accidental use …
remove lock - ‘c’ + ‘yes’ to confirm frequent practiced action
if lock forgotten in pocket ‘yes’ gets pressed goes to phone book in phone book …
‘c’ – delete entry ‘yes’ – confirm… oops !
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screen design and layout
basic principlesgrouping, structure, orderalignmentuse of white space
ABCDEFHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Dix , AlanFinlay, JanetAbowd, GregoryBeale, Russell
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basic principlesask
what is the user doing?
think what information, comparisons, order
design form follows function
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available toolsgrouping of itemsorder of items decoration - fonts, boxes etc.alignment of itemswhite space between items
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grouping and structurelogically together physically
together
Billing details: Name Address: … Credit card no
Delivery details: Name Address: … Delivery time
Order details: item quantity cost/item cost size 10 screws (boxes) 7 3.71 25.97 …… … … …
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decoration use boxes to group logical items use fonts for emphasis, headings but not too many!!
ABCDEFHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
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alignment - text you read from left to right (English and European)
align left hand side
Willy Wonka and the Chocolate FactoryWinston Churchill - A BiographyWizard of OzXena - Warrior Princess
Willy Wonka and the Chocolate FactoryWinston Churchill - A Biography
Wizard of OzXena - Warrior Princessfine for special effects
but hard to scan
boring butreadable!
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alignment - names Usually scanning for surnames
make it easy!
Alan DixJanet FinlayGregory AbowdRussell Beale
Alan DixJanet FinlayGregory AbowdRussell Beale
Dix , AlanFinlay, JanetAbowd, GregoryBeale, Russell
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alignment - numbers
think purpose!
which is biggest?532.56
179.3256.317
1573.948
10353.142
497.6256
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alignment - numbers
visually: long number = big number
align decimal pointsor right align integers
627.8651.005763
382.5832502.56
432.9352.0175
652.8756.34
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multiple columns scanning across gaps hard:
(often hard to avoid with large data base fields)
sherbert 75toffee 120chocolate 35fruit gums 27coconut dreams 85
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multiple columns - 2 use leaders
sherbert 75toffee 120chocolate 35fruit gums 27coconut dreams 85
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multiple columns - 3 or greying (vertical too)
sherbert 75toffee 120chocolate 35fruit gums 27coconut dreams 85
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sherbert 75toffee 120
chocolate 35fruit gums 27
coconut dreams 85
multiple columns - 4 or even (with care!) ‘bad’ alignment
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white space - the counter
WHAT YOU SEE
THE GAPS BETWEEN
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space to separate (pemisahan)
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space to structure
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space to highlight (menyorot)
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physical controls grouping of items
defrost settingstype of foodtime to cook
type of foodtime to cook
defrost settings
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physical controls
grouping of items order of items
1) type of heating2) temperature3) time to cook4) start
4
4) start2
2) temperature
3
3) time to cook
11) type of heating
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physical controls grouping of items order of items decoration
different coloursfor different functions
lines around relatedbuttons
different colours for different functions
lines around related buttons (temp up/down)
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physical controls
grouping of items order of items decoration alignment
centered text in buttons? easy to scan ?
? easy to scan ?centred text in buttons
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physical controls grouping of items order of items decoration (hiasan) alignment white space
gaps to aid grouping
gaps to aid grouping
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memasukkan informasiforms, dialogue boxes presentation + data input masalah tata letak yang sama alignment - N.B. different label lengths
Layout yang Logis Menggunakan analisis tugas Pengelompokan natural order for entering information
top-bottom, left-right (depending on culture) set tab order for keyboard entry
N.B. see extra slides for widget choice
Name:Address:
Alan DixLancaster
Name:Address:
Alan DixLancaster
Name:Address:
Alan DixLancaster
?
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Kemampuan (affordances)
psychological termUntuk obyek fisik
shape and size suggest actions pick up, twist, throw
also cultural – buttons ‘afford’ pushing Untuk obyek layar
button–like object ‘affords’ mouse click physical-like objects suggest use
culture of computer use icons ‘afford’ clicking or even double clicking … not like real buttons!
mug handle
‘affords’grasping
(genggaman)
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menyajikan informasipurpose matters
sort urutan (yang kolom, abjad numerik) text vs. diagram menyebarkan grafik vs. histogram
prinsip-prinsip presentasi kertas digunakan!but add interactivity
softens design choices e.g. re-ordering columns ‘dancing histograms’ (chap 21)
chap1chap10chap11chap12chap13chap14 …
171251
2628322
…
sizename size
chap10chap5chap1chap14chap20chap8…
121617222732…
name size
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estetika dan utilitas desain estetikameningkatkan kepuasan pengguna dan meningkatkan produktivitas
keindahan dan utilitas mungkin bertentangan gaya visual terlibat mudah untuk membedakandesain yang bersih– sedikit perbedaan membingungkan
latar belakang di balik teks… baik untuk melihat, tapi sulit untuk membaca
tetapi dapat bekerja sama misalnya desain mejadalam produk konsumen– pembeda utama (misalnya iMac)
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estetika dan utilitas desain estetika meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna dan
meningkatkan produktivitaskeindahan dan utilitas mungkin bertentangan
gaya visual terlibat mudah untuk membedakan desain yang bersih– sedikit perbedaan
membingungkan latar belakang di balik teks
… baik untuk melihat, tapi sulit untuk membaca
tetapi dapat bekerja sama misalnya desain meja dalam produk konsumen– pembeda utama
(misalnya iMac)
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bad use of colourover use - without very good reason (e.g. kids’ site)
colour blindnesspoor use of contrastdo adjust your set!
adjust your monitor to greys onlycan you still read your screen?