PREPARED BY

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY

JJOSEPH GEORGE KONNULLY

Principles of motion economy will be presented

under the following three subdivisions:

1) Principles of motion economy as related to

the human body.

2) Principles of motion economy as related to

the arrangement of the place.

3) Principles of motion economy as related to

the design of tools and equipment.

SUBDIVISIONS OF PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY

Principle of motion economy as related to the use of the human body.1. The two hands should begin as well as complete their motions at the same time.2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest period.3. Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously.4. Hand and body motions should be confi ned to the lowest classifi cation with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily. General Classifi cation of Hand Motions a. Finger motions. b. Motions involving fi ngers and wrist. c. Motions involving fi ngers, wrist, and forearm. d. Motions involving fi ngers, wrist, forearm, and upper arm. e. Motions involving fi ngers, wrist, forearm, upper arm and shoulder.

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO USE OF HUMAN BODY

5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular eff ort.6. Smooth continuous curved motions of the hands are preferable to straight line motion involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier, and more accurate than restricted (fi xation) or “controlled” movements.8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural rhythm wherever possible.9. Eye fi xations should be as few as close together as possible. - Eye Movements - Eye – Hand Coordination

PRINCIPLES OF MOTIOM ECONOMY RELATED TO USE OF HUMAN BODY

EXAMPLE ON USE OF HUMAN BODY USING MOTION PICTURE FILM

Print of motion picture film showing eye and hand motions ofthe operator assembling small parts.

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY ON USE OF HUMAN BODY - EXAMPLE

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY ON USE OF HUMAN BODY - EXAMPLE

PUNCH PRESS EYE FIXATION EXAMPLE

PUNCH PRESS EYE FIXATION EXAMPLE

PUNCH PRESS EYE FIXATION EXAMPLE

Principle of motion economy as related to the work place.1. There should be a defi nite and fi xed place for all tools and materials.2. Tools, materials, and controls should be located close to the point of use.- Normal working area- Maximum working area

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE- NORMAL/MAXIMUM WORKING

AREA

DIMENSIONS OF WORKING AREAS IN 2 DIMENSIONS-MALE

DIMENSIONS OF WORKING AREAS IN 2 DIMENSIONS -FEMALE

WORKING SPACE AREAS – 3DIMENSIONS

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE -EXAMPLE

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE

BOLT AND WASHERS ASSLY

BOLT AND WASHER ASSEMBLY (OLD METHOD)

A - Special rubber washerB – Flat steel washerC – Lock washerD – 3/8 x 1 inch bolt

Containers with bolts,lock washers, steelwashers, and rubberwashers arrange onthe top of the bench.

BOLT AND WASHER ASSLY- IMPROVED METHOD

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE

7. The height of the work place and the chair should preferably by arranged so that alternate sitting and standing at work are easily possible .

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE

Sitting-standing work placefor males.

Sitting-standing work placefor females.

8. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture should be provided for every worker.

Sitting work place for males. Sitting work place for females.

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

PRINCIPLE OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT-EXAMPLE

PRINCIPLE OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT - EXAMPLE

PRINCIPLE OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT - EXAMPLE

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY RELATED TO DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS