principles of management(2)

8/7/2019 Principles of management(2)

1/30

PPrinciples of Management

Decision making

Daniyal

Atiqa Jameel

Maliha Ahmed

Ahmed Butt Usama Ali


2/30

Introduction

The Company is responsible for generation, transmission anddistribution of electricity for industrial, commercial,

agricultural and residential consumers.

Vision is value driven and service integrated withinnovative ideas and sharing values for the benefit of thecommunity.

Key goal is to provide uninterrupted power supply at anaffordable price to consumers and to make distribution andcustomer service more efficient.


3/30

Problem

Frequent power failure


4/30

Shortage of electricity

Due to:

Bad governance Past mistakes

Electricity theft

Improper usage of resources

Lacking in planning Inability to visualize the future growth and requirements

Identification of problem


5/30

Possible solutions

Expert's suggestion:

Stop electricity theft

Using resources like Nuclear power Windmills

Bio gas

Solar energy

Tidal energy

Coal


6/30

Criteria for judging

Cost of coal

The typical thermodynamic efficiency of coal powerplants is about 30%, so of the 6.67 kWh of energyper kilogram of coal, 30% of that2.0 kWh/kgcansuccessfully be turned into electricity; the rest iswaste heat. So coal power plants obtain approximately2.0 kWh per kilogram of burned coal


7/30

Ethical consideration

As far as ethical consideration are concerned it doesnot emit out such kinds of gases which areseriously harmful for environment but combustion

of large amount of coal may seriouly damage theenvironment

If it is really dangerous so China and America donot use it but the producing large amount ofelectricity withcoal.


8/30

Legal consideration

Coal have been used for many years in developedcountries as a source to generate electricity speciallyin China and America which is clear sign of legality

of coal because these countries are very consciousabout the rules and regulation of their countries. InPakistan we can also use coal as a fuel to generateelectricity.


9/30

Cost of Bio gas

It is produced with the help of waste material ofliving beings and it is not very cost effective butonly limited amount of electricity can be produced

for a particular area.


10/30


An important advantage of the biogas programme isthat it results in considerable reduction in fuel wooddemand especially in the rural areas.

It slows down the deforestation trend, thusachieving numerous environmental benefits

It generates less air pollution by the combustion ofbiogas instead of wood

we get natural fertilizer (manure) from biogassludge


11/30

Legal consideration

As I have already mentioned that using of bio gas isbeneficial and cheap that s why it can legally be usedin Pakistan. Pakistan has many sources to generate

bio gas because it is an agriculture culture countryand it has many different kinds of animals likecows, goats, camels and many other animals whichcan be the great source of bio gas production.


12/30

Cost of solar energy

If we use solar energy to generate electricity it willcost 27 rupees per unit, it is very expensive ascompared to others. Before you are able to produce

electricity through solar energy, there needs to besome form of solar cell or panel which are veryexpensive.


13/30


Its negative impact on the environment lies in thecreation of the solar cells (which are made ofprimarily silicon and the extraction of this silicon

requires the use of fossil fuels which may be harmfulfor environment


14/30

Legal consideration:

Solar energy is natural resource which is reallyimportant gift. As far as legality is concerned manydeveloped countries are using this source to produce

electricity so Pakistan can also be used such a viblesorce to generate the beacon for people.


15/30

Ranking of Alternatives:

Survey Result

Fuel Names Ranking

Solar energy 7

Tidal waves 5

Nuclear energy 4

Coal 9

Wind mills 6

Bio gas 8

oil 3


16/30

Conclusion

Nuclear energy

Advantages:

Lager amount of electricity can be produced at amoderate size station

Low fuel costs

Small number of accidents

Quantity of waste producedis small


17/30

Disadvantages Releases different kind of dangerous gases

R

eleases dangerous radiations from waste Few accidents but may be very serious

Building of power stations are very expensive anddifficult

Needs 10 to 15 years to be built


18/30

Windmills

Advantages:

Non- polluting

Sustainable

A well proven technology

Can be built regionally

at moderate size Requires little water


19/30

Disadvantages:

Does not work without wind.

If wind doesn't blow need power batteries which willbe expensive.


20/30

Advantages: Renewable fuel

Non-polluting

Waste is disposed

in the same operation

Consumes methane gas

Biogas can also beused on a small scale, e.g. a animal farms.

Biogas


21/30

Disadvantages:

Limited quantity of electricity is produced.

Rate of Gas production is unpredictable.


22/30

Tidal energy

Advantages:

S

ustainable Non polluting

Difficult to damage at war

time


23/30

Disadvantages:

Tides provide power for only 10 hours each day, whenthe tide is actually moving in or out.

There are only a few suitable sites for tidal barrages.

Not proven on a commercial scale

Installation would damage the sea-bed locally


24/30

Solar energy

Advantages:

Heat can be stored even whenthe sun is not shining.

Sustainable and non- polluting


25/30

Disadvantages: Expensive

S

olar power require substantial amounts of coolingwater.

Increases greenhouse effect a source to boost globalwarming.


26/30

Coal

Advantages: Easily combustible Widely and easily distributed all

over the world. Good availability Inexpensive Very large amounts of electricity can

be generated at one place using coal,fairly cheap. Comparatively inexpensive due to large

indigenous reserves and easy

accessibility.


27/30

Disadvantages: High coal transportation costs, especially for countries

with no coal resource

Coal storage cost is high

Releases carbon dioxide and

stored in earth, contributing

global warming It damages the environment


28/30

Implementing solution

COAL POWERPLANT A VIABLE SOLUTION TOPAKISTAN S ENERGY CRISIS.


29/30

Hurdles in solvingthe problem

Feudal system

Poor policy making

Bad governance Political issues


30/30

Best solution COAL

Cheapest and indigenous

Thar coal deposits.

Very bulk amount of electricity can begenerated in one place and for a long time by usingcoal.

Entire electricity requirements forthe country can be met.

principles of management(2)

Documents