principles of computer architecture miles murdocca and vincent heuring chapter 9: communication
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Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Chapter 9: Communication. Chapter Contents. 9.1 Modems 9.2 Transmission Media 9.3 Network Architecture: Local Area Networks 9.4 Communication Errors and Error Correcting Codes 9.5 Network Architecture: The Internet - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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9-1 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Principles of Computer ArchitectureMiles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring
Chapter 9: Communication
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9-2 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Chapter Contents
9.1 Modems
9.2 Transmission Media
9.3 Network Architecture: Local Area Networks
9.4 Communication Errors and Error Correcting Codes
9.5 Network Architecture: The Internet
9.6 Case Study: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
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9-3 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Modem Communication
• Communication over a telephone line with modems:
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9-4 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Modulation Schemes• Three common forms of modulation:
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Pulse Code Modulation• Conversion of an analog signal into a PCM binary sequence:
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9-6 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Ideal vs. Transmitted Waves
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Transmission Media
• Transmisson media. (a) Two-wire open lines; (b) twisted-pair lines; (c) coaxial cable; (d) optical fiber; (e)satellites.
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9-8 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
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9-9 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
A Few Network Topologies• (a) Bus; (b) ring; and (c) star network topologies.
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9-10 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Parity• Even parity bits are assigned to a few ASCII characters:
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Check Bits• Check bits for a single error correcting ASCII code:
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
SEC coded ‘a’
• Format for a single error correcting ASCII code:
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
SEC Coded ‘d’
• Parity computation for an ASCII character in an SEC code:
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9-14 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
3-Bit SEC Hypercube• Hamming distance relationships among three-bit codewords.
Valid codewords are 000 and 111. The remaining codewords represent errors.
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
LRC and VRC Checking
• Combined LRC and VRC checking. Checksum bits form even parity for each column.
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9-16 Chapter 9 - Communication
Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Cyclic Redundancy Checking
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Internet Protocol Stack• Layering in the TCP/IP protocol suite:
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
IPv4 Address Classes
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Encapsulation• Encapsulation in the TCP/IP protocol suite:
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Hub vs. Router vs.
Switch
• Configurations shown for (a) a hub; (b) a router; and (c) a switch.
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Self-Routing Switch
• A 44 self-routing switch based on the bubblesort algorithm:
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
TDM vs. ATM• (a) Time division multiplexing vs. (b) asynchronous transfer mode.
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Principles of Computer Architecture by M. Murdocca and V. Heuring © 1999 M. Murdocca and V. Heuring
Format of an ATM Packet• Format of an ATM packet. (a) User-to-network interface (UNI) format; and (b) network-to-network interface
(NNI) format.
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Simple ATM Network