primate cognition. social learning mechanisms mechanisms stimulus or social enhancement...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Social Learning Mechanisms
Mechanisms Stimulus or Social Enhancement (instrumental)
Drawn to object/conspecific, learn via trial and error
Observational Learning (classical) UR caused by a conspecific
Mimicry (“Monkey See-Monkey Do”) Copy for copying sake
Imitation (copy to get goal) Copy to get the same goal as the demonstrator
Theory of Mind
• Understanding that others have mental processes that may differ from one’s own
EmotionsKnowledgeVisual Perspective
Knowledge Attribution
Povinelli (1991)
Knower – sees food being hidden Guesser – outside of room
Stage 1: As aboveStage 2: Knower wears hatStage 3: Guesser stays in room with a
bagged head
Alternative
Chimps discriminated between the two situations based on subtle differences in what the “guesser” and “knower” did.
“Choose the one with eyes open during hiding”
“Begging Experiment”
Povinelli (1999)
Beg from “seeing” vs. “nonseeing”
Front vs. Back – Yes Pail Beside vs. Over Head - No Averted Eyes vs. Over Shoulder Look –
No Blindfold Mouth vs. Blindfold Eyes - No
Mark Test
Mirror self-recognition: Chimp, Bonobo – Yes Orang-utan, Gorilla – Yes Elephants – Maybe? Dolphins –Maybe? Pigeons –No
Human versus Chimps
Mind-reading Pointing Impulsive Cooperation Imitation Vis Memory Aud Memory Deception
Poor No More Trainable Short-cuts Better Good Poor
Good Yes Less Spontaneous Slavishly Good Better Excellent
Skill ChimpHuman
Deception
Learned by Accident, Intentional, or Species-Specific? Chimps may act differently based on whether
something is found in another’s line of sight Food-storing birds re-caching if watched by a
conspecific (also if they seem themselves in a mirror)